Histopathology Specimens: Clinical, Pathological and Laboratory Aspects

560 Pages·2017·15 MB·English

by  Derek C. Allen

Derek C. Allen
R. Iain Cameron
Editors
Histopathology
Specimens
Clinical, Pathological
and Laboratory Aspects
Third Edition
123
Histopathology Specimens
Derek C. Allen • R. Iain Cameron
Editors
Histopathology
Specimens
Clinical, Pathological and
Laboratory Aspects
Third Edition
Editors
Derek C. Allen R. Iain Cameron
Belfast City Hospital Altnagelvin Hospital
Belfast Londonderry
UK UK
ISBN 978-3-319-57359-5 ISBN 978-3-319-57360-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-57360-1
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017950223
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017
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To Alison, Katie, Rebecca, and Amy
Preface
Since the publication of the second edition of Histopathology Specimens:
Clinical, Pathological, and Laboratory Aspects, pathology has further con-
solidated its position at the core of clinical multidisciplinary teams and their
attendant meetings. These forums are pivotal nodal discussion points in
patient investigation, treatment planning, and prognostication. Pathologists
are required to produce and comment on reports that are timely, accurate, and
relevant. To this end, the UK Royal College of Pathologists and other organ-
isations (International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR)) continue
to publish standards of professional practice such as the Cancer Datasets and
Tissue Pathways for the handling and reporting of cancer and non-cancer
specimens, respectively. Indeed, the UK Royal College of Pathologists has
established key performance indicators incorporated into UKAS accredita-
tion standards aimed at ensuring laboratory processes and outcomes are ben-
eficial to patients. These include >90% targets for attendance at
multidisciplinary team meetings, coding and use of proforma histopathology
reports, and 80–90% report turnaround times of 7–10 days, respectively. The
College has also produced a standardised user satisfaction survey in metric
form that should allow assessment of measureable pathology performance
and team communication. This may also potentially be considered alongside
colleague and user multisource feedback as part of annual appraisal and med-
ical revalidation.
One other standard is that laboratories should aim to have a significant
minority (15–30%) of their medical and scientific staff in training grades. The
structure and content of this book not only facilitates delivery of high perfor-
mance standards but also reflects the clinically integrated approach to the
teaching of pathology as determined by the Royal College postgraduate train-
ing curriculum and the General Medical Council medical student undergrad-
uate curriculum. Its content is also directly relevant to Biomedical Scientists
in their devolved role of consultant supervised specimen dissection as evi-
denced by the collaborative IBMS/RCPath diploma of extended practice and
advanced specialist diplomas in histological dissection.
Belfast, UK Derek C. Allen
Londonderry, UK R. Iain Cameron
vii
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the use of illustrations from Wittekind
C., Greene L., Hutter R.V.P., Klimfinger M., and Sobin L.H. TNM Atlas:
Illustrated Guide to the TNM/pTNM Classification of Malignant Tumours.
5th edition. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2005.
Grateful appreciation is expressed to Joanna Renwick (Editor, Clinical
Medicine), Andre Tournois, and the staff at Springer.
ix
Contents
Part I Gastrointestinal Specimens
1 Gastrointestinal Specimens: General Comments. . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Derek C. Allen and R. Iain Cameron
2 Oesophagus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Damian T. McManus, Derek C. Allen, and R. Iain Cameron
3 Stomach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Damian T. McManus, Derek C. Allen, and R. Iain Cameron
4 Pancreas, Duodenum, Ampulla of Vater and Extrahepatic
Bile Ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Paul J. Kelly, Derek C. Allen, R. Iain Cameron,
and Maurice B. Loughrey
5 Small Intestine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Derek C. Allen, R. Iain Cameron, and Maurice B. Loughrey
6 Colorectum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Derek C. Allen, R. Iain Cameron, and Maurice B. Loughrey
7 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Derek C. Allen, R. Iain Cameron, and Maurice B. Loughrey
8 Anus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Derek C. Allen, R. Iain Cameron, and Maurice B. Loughrey
9 Gallbladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Paul J. Kelly, Derek C. Allen, R. Iain Cameron,
and Maurice B. Loughrey
10 Liver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Paul J. Kelly, Derek C. Allen, R. Iain Cameron,
and Maurice B. Loughrey
11 Abdominal Wall, Umbilicus, Hernias, Omentum,
and Peritoneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Derek C. Allen, R. Iain Cameron, and Maurice B. Loughrey
xi
xii Contents
Part II Breast Specimens
12 B reast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Shauna Casey and R. Iain Cameron
Part III Head and Neck Specimens
13 N asal Cavities and Paranasal Sinuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Seamus S. Napier and Ramzan M. Ullah
14 L ips, Mouth, and Tongue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Seamus S. Napier and Derek J. Gordon
15 M axilla, Mandible, and Teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Seamus S. Napier and with clinical comments
by John J. Marley
16 P harynx and Larynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Seamus S. Napier and with clinical comments
by Barry Devlin
17 Salivary Glands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Seamus S. Napier and with clinical comments
by John J. Marley
18 Thyroid Gland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Caroline L. Coghlin and Seamus S. Napier
19 Parathyroid Glands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Caroline L. Coghlin and Seamus S. Napier
20 Neck: Cysts, Tumours, and Dissections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Seamus S. Napier and with clinical comments
by Derek J. Gordon
Part IV Eye
21 Eye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Roy W. Lyness
Part V Gynaecological Specimens
22 Ovary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Oisin P. Houghton and W. Glenn McCluggage
23 Fallopian Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Oisin P. Houghton and W. Glenn McCluggage
24 Uterus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Oisin P. Houghton and W. Glenn McCluggage
25 Cervix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Oisin P. Houghton and W. Glenn McCluggage
Contents xiii
26 Vagina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Oisin P. Houghton and W. Glenn McCluggage
27 Vulva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Oisin P. Houghton and W. Glenn McCluggage
28 Placenta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Oisin P. Houghton
Part VI Urological Specimens
29 Kidney, Renal Pelvis, and Ureter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Declan M. O’Rourke and Derek C. Allen
30 Bladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Declan M. O’Rourke and Derek C. Allen
31 Prostate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Declan M. O’Rourke and Derek C. Allen
32 Urethra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Declan M. O’Rourke and Derek C. Allen
33 Testis, Epididymis, and Vas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Declan M. O’Rourke and Derek C. Allen
34 Penis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Declan M. O’Rourke and Derek C. Allen
Part VII Pelvic and Retroperitoneal Specimens
35 Pelvic Exenteration Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Damian T. McManus and Derek C. Allen
36 Retroperitoneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Oisin P. Houghton and Damian T. McManus
37 Adrenal Gland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Maurice B. Loughrey and Caroline L. Coghlin
Part VIII Skin Specimens
38 Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Maureen Y. Walsh
Part IX Cardiothoracic Specimens and Vessels
39 Lung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Kathleen M. Mulholland
40 Pleura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Kathleen M. Mulholland