Histopathological Specimens (clinical, pathological, lab aspects)

544 Pages·2004·6.644 MB·English

by  D. Allen, R. Cameron

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Histopathology Specimens
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Springer
London
Berlin
Heidelberg
New York
Hong Kong
Milan
Paris
Tokyo
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Derek C.Allen and R. Iain Cameron (Eds)
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7 Histopathology
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Specimens
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Clinical, Pathological and Laboratory Aspects
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3 with 129 figures
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Derek C. Allen, MD, FRCPath
Consultant Pathologist, Histopathology Laboratory,
Belfast City Hospital Trust, Belfast UK
R. Iain Cameron, MB, BCh FRCS
Specialist Registrar in Histopathology, Histopathology Laboratory,
Belfast City Hospital Trust, Belfast UK
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Histopathology specimens : clinical, pathological and laboratory aspects
1. Histology, Pathological – laboratory manuals
I. Allen, Derek C. (Derek Creswell) II. Cameron, R. Iain
′
616.07583
ISBN 1852335971
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form
or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in
accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction
outside those terms should be sent to the publishers.
ISBN 1–85233–597–1 Springer-Verlag London Berlin Heidelberg
a member of BertelsmannSpringer Science+Business Media GmbH
© Springer-Verlag London Limited 2004
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement,
that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof
contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other
pharmaceutical literature.
Typeset by Florence Production Ltd., Stoodleigh, Devon
Printed and bound in the United States of America
28/3830–543210 Printed on acid-free paper SPIN 10867763
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7 Preface
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4 The reorganisation of cancer services has emphasised the importance of histopathology speci-
5 mens in patient management and highlighted the pivotal role the histopathologist has as part of
6 the multidisciplinarian team. The specimens require careful, detailed and consistent handling to
7 ascertain multiple prognostic factors relevant to appropriate management of individual patients.
8 This must stem from a background knowledge of the relevant anatomy, clinical presentation and
9 investigation of disease, the common pathological processes and how they affect both tissues and
20111 patient outlook. Specimen handling ought to reflect investigative techniques, e.g., CT/MRI scan-
1 ning and the operative surgical procedures used. Histopathology reports must be prompt and
2 accurate using classifications and documenting locoregional spread that match therapeutic
3 options and prognostic groups.
4 The multidisciplinarian team extends to the histopathology laboratory to include medical
5111 pathologists, biomedical scientists and secretarial staff. The purpose of this book is to educate
6 and better equip all those involved in the histopathology specimen process for their task. An
7 emphasis is placed on a standardised approach to specimen handling and reporting to achieve
8 consistently high quality. Practical outworking of this process involves informed clinicopatho-
9 logical correlation, active communication, supervision and feedback within and between the
30111 clinical and laboratory teams.
1 Hopefully the reader will find the content pragmatic and practicable representing our current
2 practice. No one method is exclusively right – other options exist and are of equal merit given
3 due care and consistency. What is certain is that techniques will inevitably change in the light of
4 new developments and will be incorporated into the histopathology specimen process.
5 The authors gratefully acknowledge the use of illustrations from P. Hermanek, R.V.P. Hutter,
6 L.H. Sobin, G. Wagner, Ch. Wittenkind (eds). TNM Atlas: Illustrated Guide to the TNM/pTNM
7 Classification of Malignant Tumours. 4th edn. Berlin Heidelberg New York. Springer 1997, and,
8 Allen D C. Histopathology Reporting – Guidelines for Surgical Cancer. London. Springer 2000.
9 Grateful appreciation is expressed to Melissa Morton (medical editor), Eva Senior and the staff
40111 at Springer, and all our colleagues in the Belfast City Hospital and Royal Victoria Hospital
1 Histopathology Laboratories. Mrs Debbie Greene provided particular secretarial expertise.
2 Acknowledgement is made of Mr Brian Duggan (urological specialist registrar) for his clinical
3 comments on the urology specimens section.
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5 Derek Allen, Iain Cameron
6 Belfast
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7 Contents
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4 Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
5 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
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7 Gastrointestinal Specimens
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Derek C Allen, R Iain Cameron
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20111 General comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1 1. Oesophagus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
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2. Stomach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
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3. Pancreas, Duodenum, Ampulla of Vater and Extrahepatic Bile Ducts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
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4. Small Intestine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
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5. Colorectum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
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7 6. Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
8 7. Anus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
9 8. Gall Bladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
30111 9. Liver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
1 10. Abdominal Wall, Umbilicus, Hernias, Omentum and Peritoneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
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3 Breast Specimens
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TF Lioe
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6 11. Breast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
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8 Head and Neck Specimens
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Séamus S Napier with clinical comments by David S Brooker, Derek J Gordon,
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Richard W Kendrick, William J Primrose and Colin FJ Russell
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12. Nasal Cavities and Paranasal Sinuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
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13. Lips, Mouth and Tongue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
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14. Maxilla, Mandible and Teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
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15. Pharynx and Larynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
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7 16. Salivary Glands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
8 17. Thyroid Gland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
9 18. Parathyroid Glands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
50111 19. Neck – Cysts, Tumours and Dissections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210
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