Table Of ContentTransformations of the State
Series Editors:Achim Hurrelmann, Carleton University, Canada;Stephan Leibfried,
University of Bremen, Germany;Kerstin Martens,University of Bremen, Germany;
Peter Mayer,University of Bremen, Germany.
Titles include:
Joan DeBardeleben and Achim Hurrelmann (editors)
DEMOCRATIC DILEMMAS OF MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE
Legitimacy, Representation and Accountability in the European Union
Klaus Dingwerth
THE NEW TRANSNATIONALISM
Transnational Governance and Democratic Legitimacy
Michael Dobbins
HIGHER EDUCATION POLICIES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE
Convergence towards a Common Model?
Achim Hurrelmann, Steffen Schneider and Jens Steffek (editors)
LEGITIMACY IN AN AGE OF GLOBAL POLITICS
Kerstin Martens, Alessandra Rusconi and Kathrin Leuze (editors)
NEW ARENAS OF EDUCATION GOVERNANCE
The Impact of International Organizations and Markets on Educational Policy Making
Thomas Rixen
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF INTERNATIONAL TAX GOVERNANCE
Peter Starke
RADICAL WELFARE STATE RETRENCHMENT
A Comparative Analysis
Jens Steffek, Claudia Kissling and Patrizia Nanz (editors)
CIVIL SOCIETY PARTICIPATION IN EUROPEAN AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
A Cure for the Democratic Deficit?
Michael J. Warning
TRANSNATIONAL PUBLIC GOVERNANCE
Networks, Law and Legitimacy
Hartmut Wessler, Bernhard Peters, Michael Brüggemann, Katharina Kleinen-von Königslöw
and Stefanie Sifft
TRANSNATIONALIZATION OF PUBLIC SPHERES
Hartmut Wessler (editorr)
PUBLIC DELIBERATION AND PUBLIC CULTURE
The Writings of Bernhard Peters, 1993–2005
Jochen Zimmerman, Jörg R. Werner and Philipp B. Volmer
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE IN ACCOUNTING
Public Power and Private Commitment
Transformations of the State
Series Standing Order ISBN 978–1–4039–8544–6 (hardback)
Series Standing Order ISBN 978–1–4039–8545–3 (paperback)
You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order.
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This illustration is taken from the original etching in Thomas Hobbes’Leviathan
of 1651. Palgrave Macmillan and the editors are grateful to Lucila Muñoz-
Sanchez and Monika Sniegs for their help in redesigning the original to illus-
trate what ‘transformations of the state’ might mean. The inscription at the top
of the original frontispiece reads ‘Non est potestas Super Terram quae Comparetur
ei’ (Job 41.33): ‘there is no power on earth which can be compared to him’. In
the Bible, this refers to the seamonster, Leviathan. (Original Leviathan image
reprinted courtesy of the British Library.)
Higher Education Policies
in Central and Eastern
Europe
Convergence towards a Common Model?
Michael Dobbins
Senior Researcher and Lecturer, University of Konstanz and
University of Bremen, Germany
© Michael Dobbins 2011
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2011 978-0-230-29139-3
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First published 2011 by
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ISBN 978-1-349-33199-4 ISBN 978-0-230-29749-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230297494
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
Contents
List of Tables vii
List of Illustrations ix
List of Abbreviations x
Acknowledgements xi
Preface xiii
1 Introduction 1
The approach of the book 7
Structure of the book 10
2 Historical Developments and Current Challenges 13
Origins of the European university 14
Central and eastern European universities 18
The Bologna Process 22
3 Convergence in Higher Education Governance? 30
Defining higher education governance 33
A theoretical framework for explaining
higher education convergence 49
Potential convergence scenarios 53
4 Higher Education Reform in the Czech Republic 63
The historical context 63
Establishment of a new post-communist system of
governance and legislation 65
Conclusions for the pre-Bologna phase 76
Changes in governance patterns in the Bologna phase 78
Cumulative results – The Czech Republic 81
5 Higher Education Reform in Romania 90
The historical context 90
Establishment of a new post-communist system of
governance and legislation 94
Conclusions for the pre-Bologna phase 104
Changes in governance patterns in the Bologna phase 105
Cumulative results – Romania 109
v
vi Contents
6 Higher Education Reform in Bulgaria 119
The historical context 119
Establishment of a new post-communist system of
governance and legislation 123
Conclusions for the pre-Bologna phase 130
Changes in governance patterns in the Bologna phase 131
Cumulative results for Bulgaria 140
Conclusions – Bulgaria 148
7 Higher Education Reform in Poland 150
The historical context 150
Establishment of a new post-communist system of
governance and legislation 155
Changes in governance patterns in the Bologna phase 162
Cumulative results – Poland 170
Conclusions – Poland 175
8 Comparative Conclusions 180
Assessing the four convergence scenarios 185
Analysing the impact of the Bologna Process on
higher education governance 193
Final thoughts 200
Appendix 201
Interviewed experts 201
Notes 206
Literature References 213
Index 229
Tables
1.1 Selection of countries 9
2.1 Traditional modes of higher education coordination 17
2.2 Higher education coordination in the communist phase 21
2.3 Core objectives of the Bologna Declaration 25
3.1 Mechanisms of policy convergence 33
3.2 General higher education arrangements 43
3.3 Financial governance 46
3.4 Personnel autonomy 47
3.5 Substantive autonomy 48
4.1 Higher education in the Czech and Slovak Republics –
Six concluding OECD recommendations 72
4.2 General higher education arrangements in
the Czech Republic – cumulative results 83
4.3 Higher education funding mechanisms in
the Czech Republic – cumulative results 85
4.4 Personnel autonomy in
Czech higher education – cumulative results 86
4.5 Substantive autonomy in
Czech higher education – cumulative results 87
5.1 Synthesis of areas, criteria, standards,
and performance indicators for quality assurance
and accreditation in Romania 110
5.2 General institutional arrangements in
Romania – cumulative results 112
5.3 Funding mechanisms in
Romanian higher education – cumulative results 113
5.4 Personnel autonomy in
Romanian higher education – cumulative results 114
5.5 Substantive autonomy in
Romanian higher education – cumulative results 115
6.1 Enrolment in Bulgarian higher education institutions 125
6.2 General higher education arrangements in
Bulgaria – cumulative results 138
6.3 Funding mechanisms in
Bulgarian higher education – cumulative results 143
vii
viii Tables
6.4 Personnel autonomy in
Bulgarian higher education – cumulative results 145
6.5 Substantive autonomy in
Bulgarian higher education – cumulative results 146
7.1 Participation rates in tertiary education in Poland 156
7.2 General higher education arrangements in
Poland – cumulative results 172
7.3 Personnel autonomy in
Polish higher education – cumulative results 174
7.4 Higher education funding mechanisms in
Poland – cumulative results 175
7.5 Substantive autonomy in
Polish higher education – cumulative results 176
8.1 Adoption of market-oriented mechanisms in
four CEE countries 185
8.2 The applicability of the proposed scenarios at a glance 199
Illustrations
3.1 The higher education policy arena 35
3.2 Clark’s Higher Education Coordination Triangle 36
3.3 Forces of higher education policy change in
CEE in the Bologna phase 61
8.1 Developments in higher education governance
applied to Clark’s Triangle 183
ix
