High-Yield Gross Anatomy 4th Edition

323 Pages·2011·10.1 MB·English

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High-Yield™
Gross Anatomy
FOURTH EDITION
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High-Yield™
Gross Anatomy
FOURTH EDITION
Ronald W. Dudek, PhD
Professor
Brody School of Medicine
East Carolina University
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
Greenville, North Carolina
Thomas M. Louis, PhD
Professor
Brody School of Medicine
East Carolina University
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
Greenville, North Carolina
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Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2002, 1997 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Dudek, Ronald W., 1950-
High-yield gross anatomy / Ronald W. Dudek, Thomas M. Louis. — 4th ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-1-60547-763-3
1. Human anatomy—Outlines, syllabi, etc. 2. Anatomy, Surgical and
topographical—Outlines, syllabi, etc. I. Louis, Thomas. II. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Anatomy—Outlines. QS 18.2 D845h 2011]
QM31.D83 2011
612.002'02—dc22
2009047422
DISCLAIMER
Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information present and to describe generally accepted
practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any
consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied,
with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of this
information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner; the clinical
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Preface
High-Yield Gross Anatomy addresses many of the recurring clinical themes of the USMLE Step 1.
The information presented in this text prepares you to handle not only the clinical vignettes found
on the USMLE Step 1, but also the questions concerning basic gross anatomy concepts.
Like the USMLE Step 1, the discussions are comprehensively illustrated with a combination of
drawings, MRIs, CT scans, radiographs, and cross-sectional anatomy. In addition, High-Yield Gross
Anatomy directly addresses clinical issues and common clinical techniques (e.g., liver biopsy, tra-
cheostomy, and lumbar puncture) that require knowledge of basic gross anatomy to deduce the
correct answer.
For High-Yield Gross Anatomy, Fourth Edition, Dr. Thomas Louis has again contributed his con-
siderable gross anatomy teaching experience to improve and narrow the focus of the book. Dr.
Louis has taught gross anatomy for about 30 years in both cadaver-dissection and computer-assisted
distance-learning gross anatomy courses. He has been a leader in developing computer-assisted
distance learning at the Brody School of Medicine and has received national recognition for his
efforts.
Dr. Louis used High-Yield Gross Anatomy in his physician assistant gross anatomy course for 4
years with excellent success and supplemented the clinical anatomy presented in the book with
critical basic anatomy figures and diagrams to assist students in learning the gross anatomy rela-
tionships of these clinically relevant areas. Dr. Louis and I have added some of these figures and
diagrams to further enhance your understanding. In addition, Dr. Louis has compiled a plethora
of clinical vignettes, many of which are included in this edition.
I would like to thank Dr. Edward A. Monaco, III, for his suggestions and contributions to many
of the chapters (especially the chapters on the Lymphatic System and Eye). Dr. Monaco has a PhD
in Neuroscience from SUNY Upstate Medical University and is currently completing his medical
studies at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City.
I would appreciate your comments or suggestions about this book, especially after you have
taken the USMLE Step 1, so that future editions can be improved and made more relevant to the
test. You may contact me at [email protected].
Ronald W. Dudek, PhD
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Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v
1 Vertebral Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
I. The Vertebral Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
II. Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
III. Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
IV. Vasculature of the Vertebral Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
V. Clinical Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
VI. Normal Radiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
2 Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
I. Components of the Spinal Cord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
II. Meninges and Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
III. Arterial Supply of the Spinal Cord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
IV. Components of a Spinal Nerve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
V. Dermatomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
VI. Clinical Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
VII. Clinical Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
3 Autonomic Nervous System
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
I. General Features of the Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
II. Sympathetic Division of the ANS (Thoracolumbar) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
III. Parasympathetic Division of the ANS (Craniosacral) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
IV. Summary Table of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Motor Actions . . . . . . . . . . .30
4 Lymphatic System
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
I. Central Lymphatic Drainage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
II. Summary Diagram of Specific Lymphatic Drainage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
5 Chest Wall
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
I. General Features of the Thorax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
II. Bones of the Thorax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
III. Muscles of the Thorax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
IV. Movement of the Thoracic Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
V. Arteries of the Thorax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
VI. Veins of the Thorax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
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