Table Of ContentBiotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Volumes already published
Volume I: Trees I (1986)
Volume 2: Crops I (1986)
Volume 3: Potato (1987)
Volume 4: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I (1988)
Volume 5: Trees II (1989)
Volume 6: Crops II (1988)
Volume 7: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants II (1989)
Volume 8: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering I (1989)
Volume 9: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering II (1989)
Volume 10: Legumes and Oilseed Crops I (1990)
Volume II: Somaclonal Variation in Crop Improvement I (1990)
Volume 12: Haploids in Crop Improvement I (1990)
Volume 13: Wheat (1990)
Volume 14: Rice (1991)
Volume 15: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III (1991)
Volume 16: Trees III (1991)
Volume 17: High-Tech and Micropropagation I (1991)
Volume 18: High-Tech and Micropropagation II (1992)
Volume 19: High-Tech and Micropropagation III (1992)
Volume 20: High-Tech and Micropropagation IV (1992)
Volume 21: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IV (1993)
Volume 22: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering III (1993)
Volume 23: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering IV (1993)
Volume 24: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants V (1993)
Volume 25: Maize (1994)
Volume 26: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VI (1994)
Volume 27: Somatic Hybridization in Crop Improvement I (1994)
Volume 28: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VII (1994)
Volume 29: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering V (1994)
Volume 30: Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed I (1995)
Volume 31: Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed II (1995)
Volume 32: Cryopreservation of Plant Germplasm I (1995)
Volume 33: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VIII (1995)
Volume 34: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering VI (1995)
Volume 35: Trees IV (1996)
Volume 36: Somaclonal Variation in Crop Improvement II (1996)
Volume 37: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IX (1996)
Volume 38: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering VII (1996)
Volume 39: High-Tech and Micropropagation V (1997)
Volumes in preparation
Volume 40: High-Tech and Micropropagation VI (1997)
Volume 41: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X
Volume 42: Cotton
Volume 43: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants XI
Biotechnology in
Agriculture and Forestry 39
High-Tech and Micropropagation V
Edited by Y.P.S. Bajaj
With 114 Figures and 62 Tables
, Springer
Professor Dr. Y.P.S. BAJAJ
A-137
New Friends Colony
New Delhi 110065, India
ISBN 978-3-642-08269-6
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. High-tech and micropropagation V/ edited by
Y.P.S. Bajaj. p. cm. (Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry; 39) Includes bibliographical
references and index.
ISBN 978-3-642-08269-6 ISBN 978-3-662-07774-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-07774-0
I. Plant micropropagation. I. Bajaj. YP.S ..
1936 . II. Series. SBI23.6.H55 1997 631.5'2--dc20 96-42362
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is
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'!-) Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1997
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1997
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not
imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
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Dedicated to
my friend, Professor Ab Krikorian,
of the State University of New York at Stony Brook,
New York (USA), whose laboratory I had the privilege
of visiting in 1977
Preface
Micropropagation of plants is a multibillion dollar industry being prac
ticed in hundreds of small and large nurseries and commercial labora
tories throughout the world. At present, it is the only component of plant
biotechnology which has been commercially exploited on such a large
scale, especially for the production of ornamentals. Now micro
propagation of trees and medicinal plants has also assumed great im
portance. With recent progress made in the propagation of fruit and
forest trees, and the immediate need for afforestation and planting of
orchards, propagules and plantlets are required quickly and in large
numbers. Taking these points into consideration High-Tech and Micro
propagation I, If, IfI , and IV were published in 1991 and 1992. The
present two volumes, High-Tech and Micropropagation V and VI, com
prise 51 chapters contributed by international experts from 24 countries.
High-Tech and M icropropagation V comprises 24 chapters arranged into
the following three sections:
I. Vegetables and fruits (garlic, Amaranthus, Brassica oleracea, pepper
watermelon, cassava, banana, Myrtus communis, passionfruit, Poly
mnia sonchifolia, pepino, and spinach)
II. Grasses (bamboos, Caustis dioica, Dendrocalamus, Miscanthus x
giganteus, sugarcane)
III. Trees (Aegle marmelos, Eucalyptus, Fraxinus excelsior, Juglans
cinerea, Pinus virginiana, Prosopis, and Ulmus species)
High-Tech and Micropropagation VI comprises 27 chapters arranged in
two sections:
I. Ornamental and aromatic plants (Amaryllis, Anthurium, Blandfordia,
bromeliads, Campanula, Coleus, Ctenanthe, Cyclamen, Daphne, Dra
caena, Gerbera, Helianthemum, Hippeastrum, Leucojum, Mammil
laria, Maranta, Mediocactus, Mussaenda, Narcissus, Otacanthus,
ponytail palm, Prunus tenella, Spiranthes, and Zinnia)
II. Medicinal and miscellaneous plants (Duboisia, Matricaria, Sideritis
Dictamnus albus, Simmondsia chinensis)
These books will be of use not only to advanced students, research
workers, and teachers in the field of horticulture, forestry, pharmacy,
VllI Preface
tissue culture, and plant biotechnology in general, but also to individuals
interested in industrial micropropagation.
New Delhi, February 1997 Professor Dr. Y.P.S. BAJAJ
Series Editor
Contents
Section I Vegetables and Fruits
I.l Micropropagation of Allium sativum L. (Garlic)
T. NAGAKUBO, M. TAKAICHI, and K. OEDA (With 4 Figures)
1 Introduction.................................... 3
2 Review of In Vitro Culture Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Micropropagation of Garlic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5 Protocol....................................... 16
References ....................................... 17
I.2 Micropropagation of Amaranthus (Amaranth)
A. BENNICI and S. SCHIFF (With 4 Figures)
I Introduction.................................... 20
2 In Vitro Propagation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22
3 Conclusions and Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27
4 Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28
References ....................................... 28
1.3 Micropropagation of Brassica oleracea (Cole Crops)
W. MSIKITA, R.M. SKIRVIN, and S.Y. CHEN (With 1 Figure)
1 Introduction.................................... 30
2 Micropropagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32
3 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 43
References ....................................... 45
1.4 Micropropagation of Capsicum Species (Pepper)
H. EZURA (With 2 Figures)
1 Introduction.................................... 48
2 In Vitro Culture and Micropropagation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 49
3 Summary ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 57
4 Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 57
References ....................................... 58
x
Contents
I.5 Micropropagation of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)
Matsum. and Nakai (Watermelon)
J.W. ADELBERG, X.P. ZHANG, and B.B. RHODES (With 8 Figures)
I General Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 60
2 Micropropagation and In Vitro Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62
3 Summary and Perspective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 73
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 74
1.6 Micropropagation of Manihot esculenta Crantz (Cassava)
C.J.J.M. RAEMAKERS, E. JACOBSEN, and R.G.F. VISSER
(With 6 Figures)
1 General Account. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 77
2 Micropropagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 110
3 Field Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 94
4 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 97
5 Protocols for Micropropagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 98
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 99
1.7 Micropropagation of Musa Species (Bananas)
C. TEISSON and F.X C6TE (With 6 Figures)
I General Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 103
2 Micropropagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 107
3 Conclusions..................................... 118
4 Commercial Aspects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 119
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 120
1.11 Micropropagation of Myrrus communis L.
(Mediterranean myrtle)
J. NOBRE (With 3 Figures)
1 Introduction.................................... 127
2 Micropropagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1211
3 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 132
4 Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 132
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 133
1.9 Micropropagation of Passiflora Species (Passionfruit)
R.A. DREW (With 7 Figures)
1 Introduction.................................... 135
2 In Vitro Culture Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 137
3 Micropropagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1311
4 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 146
5 Protocol....................................... 147
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1411
Contents XI
1.10 Micropropagation of Polymnia sonchifolia (Yacon)
S. MATSUBARA (With 7 Figures)
1 Introduction.................................... 150
2 Micropropagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 153
3 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 158
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 159
1.11 Micropropagation of Solanum muricatum Ait. (Pepino)
R.L.M. PIERIK (With 6 Figures)
1 Introduction.................................... 160
2 Review of In Vitro Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 162
3 Review of Micropropagation ................ . . . . . . .. 164
4 New Experiments on Micropropagation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 167
5 Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 171
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 171
I.l2 Micropropagation of Spinacia oleracea L. (Spinach)
1.M. AL-KHAYRI (With 7 Figures)
1 Introduction.................................... 173
2 In Vitro Studies on Cell and Protoplast Culture. . . . . . . . . .. 175
3 Micropropagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 181
4 Applications of Spinach Micropropagation . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 193
5 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 195
6 Protocols ...................................... 196
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 198
Section II Grasses
11.1 Micropropagation of Bamboos
W.C. CHANG and C.W. Ho (With 4 Figures)
1 Introduction.................................... 203
2 Micropropagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 205
3 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 218
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 218
11.2 Micropropagation of Caustis dioica (Chinese Puzzle)
LM. SIELER, M. ROSSETIO, and K.W. DIXON (With 5 Figures)
1 Introduction.................................... 220
2 In Vitro CulturejMicropropagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 223
3 Conclusions..................................... 230
4 Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 230
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 231
