High Spectral Density Optical Communication Technologies

336 Pages·2010·12.396 MB·English

by  Takeshi Kamiya, Tetsuya Miyazaki, Fumito Kubota (auth.), Masataka Nakazawa, Kazuro Kikuchi, Tetsuya Miyazaki (eds.)

OPTICAL AND FIBER
COMMUNICATIONS REPORTS
EditorialBoard:A.Bjarklev,Lyngby
H.J.Caulfield
D.Chowdhury,Corning
A.K.Majumdar
G.Marowsky
M.Nakazawa,Sendai-shi
M.W.Sigrist
C.G.Someda,Padova
H.-G.Weber,Berlin
Forfurthervolumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/4810
OPTICAL AND FIBER
COMMUNICATIONS REPORTS
TheOpticalandFiberCommunicationsReports(OFCR)bookseriesprovidesasurveyofselectedtopicsat
theforefrontofresearch.Eachbookisatopicalcollectionofcontributionsfromleadingresearchscientiststhat
givesanup-to-dateandbroad-spectrumoverviewofvarioussubjects.
Themaintopicsinthisexpandingfieldwillcoverforexample:
• specialtyfibers(periodicfibers,holeyfibers,erbium-dopedfibers)
• broadbandlasers
• opticalswitching(MEMSorothers)
• polarizationandchromaticmodedispersionandcompensation
• long-haultransmission
• opticalnetworks(LAN,MAN,WAN)
• protectionandrestoration
• furthertopicsofcontemporaryinterest.
Includingbothgeneralinformationandahighlytechnicalpresentationoftheresults,thisseriessatisfiesthe
needsofexpertsaswellasgraduatesandresearchersstartinginthefield.Booksinthisseriesestablishthem-
selvesascomprehensiveguidesandreferencetextsfollowingtheimpressiveevolutionofthisareaofscience
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Submissionofmanuscriptsshouldbemadetooneoftheeditors.Seealsohttp://springeronline.com/series/4810.
EditorialBoard
AndersBjarklev MasatakaNakazawa
COM,TechnicalUniversityofDenmark ResearchInstituteofElectrical
DTUBuilding345V Communication
2800Ksg.Lyngby,Denmark TohokuUniversity
Email:[email protected] Katahira2-1-1,Aoba-ku
980-8577Sendai-shi,Miyagiken
H.JohnCaulfield
Japan
FiskUniversity
Email:[email protected]
DepartmentofPhysics
100017thAvenueNorth MarkusW.Sigrist
Nashville,TN37208 ETHZürich
USA InstitutfürQuantenelektronik
Email:hjc@fisk.edu Lab.Laserspektroskopie–HPFD19
ETHHönggerberg
DipakChowdhury
8093Zürich
CorningInc.
Switzerland
SP-TD-01-2
Email:[email protected]
Corning,NY14831,USA
Email:[email protected] CarloG.Someda
DEI-UniversitàdiPadova
ArunK.Majumdar
ViaGradenigo6/A
LCResearch,Inc.
35131Padova,Italy
30402RainbowViewDrive
Email:[email protected]
AgouraHills,CA91301
Email:[email protected] Hans-GeorgWeber
Heinrich-HertzInstitut(HHI)
GerdMarowsky
Einsteinufer37
Laser-LaboratoriumGöttingene.V.
10587Berlin,Germany
Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg1
Email:[email protected]
37077Göttingen
Germany
Email:[email protected]
· ·
Masataka Nakazawa Kazuro Kikuchi
Tetsuya Miyazaki
Editors
High Spectral Density
Optical Communication
Technologies
123
Editors
DistinguishedProf.andDirectorMasatakaNakazawa Prof.KazuroKikuchi
ResearchInstituteofElectricalCommunication DepartmentofElectricalEngineering
TohokuUniversity andInformationSystems
Katahira2-1-1,Aoba-ku UniversityofTokyo
980-8577Sendai-shi,Miyagiken 7-3-1Hongo,Bunkyo-Ku
Japan Tokyo113-8656
[email protected] Japan
[email protected]
Dr.TetsuyaMiyazaki
NationalInstituteofInformation
andCommunicationTechnology
NewGenerationNetwork
ResearchCenter
Nukui-Kitamachi,Koganei4-2-1
184-8795Tokyo
Japan
[email protected]
ISBN978-3-642-10418-3 e-ISBN978-3-642-10419-0
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-10419-0
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010930425
(cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2010
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Preface
ThegrowthofInternettrafficinrecentyearssurpassedthepredictionofonedecade
ago.Datastreaminindividualcountriesalreadyreachedterabit/slevel.Tocopewith
the petabit class demands of traffic in coming years the communication engineers
arerequiredtogobeyondtheincrementalimprovementoftoday’stechnology.
A most promising breakthrough would be the introduction of modulation for-
matsenablinghigherspectralefficiencythanthatofbinaryon–offkeyingscheme,
virtually the global standard of fiber-optic communication systems. In wireless
communicationsystems,techniquesofhighspectraldensitymodulationhavebeen
welldeveloped,buttherequiredtechniquesinopticalfrequencydomainaremuch
morecomplicatedbecauseoftheheavierfluctuationlevels.Thereforethepasttrials
of coherent optical modulation/detection schemes were not successful. However,
the addition of high-speed digital signal processing technology is the fundamen-
tal difference between now and two decades ago, when trials of optical coherent
communication systems were investigated very seriously. This approach of digital
coherent technology has attracted keen interest among communication specialists,
asindicatedbytherapidincreaseinthepioneeringpresentationsatthepost-deadline
sessionsofmajorinternationalconferences.Forexample,32terabit/stransmission
inafiberexperimentbasedonthistechnologywasreportedinpost-deadlinesession
ofOpticalFiberCommunicationConference(OFC)2009.Theadvancementofthe
digitalcoherenttechnologieswillinevitablyaffectthenetworkarchitectureinterms
of the network resource management for the new generation photonic networks,
ratherthanwillsimplyprovidewithhugetransmissioncapacity.
In order to discuss about the merits and the challenges of various modula-
tion/detectionschemesenablinghighspectraldensitytransmission,aninternational
workshopwasorganizedunderthesponsorshipofNICT.“InternationalWorkshop
on High Density Optical Communication” was held in Tokyo Japan, June 25–26,
2008. Pioneering researchers from all over the world attended the workshop and
discussedawiderangeoftopicsfromdevice,modulationformat,sub-system,and
transmission systems. The presentations and discussions were very successful and
wedecidedtopublishabook,inwhichindividualinvitedspeakerscontributetothe
relevantchapters/sectionsbyextendingtheirviews.
Thebookisaimedatprovidingwithextensiveoverviewsonthetheoreticaland
theexperimentalaspectsofhighspectraldensityopticalcommunicationtechnology,
v
vi Preface
whichshouldbeamostpromisingapproachforthenewgenerationlargecapacity
photonicnetwork.Potentialreadersincluderesearchersinthefieldsofcommunica-
tion,photonics,microwave,integratedcircuits,andnetworkarchitecture.Thebook
will be useful also to the planners of future info-communication systems either in
theindustry,publicinstitutions,oruniversities.Thebookcoverstheprinciplesand
thehistoricalbackgroundofcoherenttransmission,soitshouldbevaluableforuni-
versity students at graduate level, who wish to be acquainted with the frontier of
opticalcommunication.
The co-editors wish to express their thanks to Dr. Yuichi Matsushima, Vice
PresidentofNationalInstituteofTechnology(Dr.MatsushimaisaProf.ofWaseda
University from April 2010), and to Prof. Takeshi Kamiya, Professor Emeritus of
theUniversityofTokyo,fortheirvaluableadviceandsupport.
Sendai-shi,Japan MasatakaNakazawa
Tokyo,Japan KazuroKikuchi
Tokyo,Japan TetsuyaMiyazaki
June2010
Contents
PartI OverviewandSystemTechnologies
1 Social Demand of New Generation Information Network:
IntroductiontoHighSpectralDensityOpticalCommunication
Technology .................................................... 3
TakeshiKamiya,TetsuyaMiyazaki,andFumitoKubota
2 Coherent Optical Communications: Historical Perspectives
andFutureDirections .......................................... 11
KazuroKikuchi
3 Ultrahigh Spectral Density Coherent Optical
TransmissionTechnologies ...................................... 51
MasatakaNakazawa
4 “QuasiUltimate”Technique .................................... 81
TetsuyaMiyazaki
5 High-SpeedandHigh-CapacityOpticalTransmissionSystems ......103
PeterJ.WinzerandRene-JeanEssiambre
PartII AdvancedModulationFormats
6 MultilevelSignalingwithDirectDetection ........................131
NobuhikoKikuchi
7 HighSpectralEfficiencyCoherentOpticalOFDM .................141
WilliamShiehandXingwenYi
vii
viii Contents
8 Polarization Division-Multiplexed Coherent Optical OFDM
TransmissionEnabledbyMIMOProcessing ......................167
SanderL.JansenandItsuroMorita
9 No-Guard-Interval Coherent Optical OFDM with Frequency
DomainEqualization ...........................................179
YutakaMiyamotoandYasuyukiTakatori
10 QPSK-BasedTransmissionSystem:Trade-OffsBetweenLinear
andNonlinearImpairments .....................................191
TakeshiHoshidaandJensC.Rasmussen
11 Real-TimeDigitalCoherentQPSKTransmissionTechnologies ......203
TimoPfauandReinholdNoé
12 Challenge for Full Control of Polarization in Optical
CommunicationSystems ........................................215
ShiroRyu
PartIII Opto-electronicsDevices
13 Semiconductor Lasers for High-Density Optical
CommunicationSystems ........................................229
HiroyukiUenohara
14 Monolithic InP Photonic Integrated Circuits for Transmitting
orReceivingInformationwithAugmentedFidelityorSpectral
Efficiency .....................................................251
C.R.Doerr
15 Integrated Mach–Zehnder Interferometer-Based Modulators
forAdvancedModulationFormats...............................273
TetsuyaKawanishi
16 Key Devices for High-Speed Optical Communication
andTheirApplicationtoTransceiverModule .....................287
HiroyukiMatsuura
17 ForwardErrorCorrection ......................................303
TakashiMizuochi
Index .............................................................335
Contributors
C.R. Doerr Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent, Holmdel, NJ 07748, USA,
[email protected]
Rene-Jean Essiambre Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent, Paris, France;
209Holmdel-KeyportRd.,Holmdel,NJ07733,USA,[email protected]
Takeshi Hoshida Fujitsu Laboratories Limited, 1-1 Kamikodanaka 4-Chome,
Nakahara-ku,Kawasaki211-8588,[email protected]
Sander L. Jansen Nokia Siemens Networks, 81541 Munich, Germany,
[email protected]
Takeshi Kamiya National Institute of Information and Communications
Technology(NICT),4-2-1Nukui-Kitamachi,Koganei,Tokyo184-8795,Japan,
[email protected]
Tetsuya Kawanishi National Institute of Information and Communications
Technology(NICT),4-2-1Nukui-Kitamachi,Koganei,Tokyo184-8795,Japan,
[email protected]
Kazuro Kikuchi Department of Electrical Engineering and Information
Systems,UniversityofTokyo,7-3-1Hongo,Bunkyo-Ku,Tokyo113-8656,Japan,
[email protected]
NobuhikoKikuchi CentralResearchLaboratory,HitachiLtd.,Higashi-Koigakubo
1-280,Kokubunji,Tokyo185-8601,Japan,[email protected]
Fumito Kubota National Institute of Information and Communications
Technology(NICT),4-2-1Nukui-Kitamachi,Koganei,Tokyo184-8795,Japan,
[email protected]
Hiroyuki Matsuura Department of Marketing, Communication
Equipment Headquarters, Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan,
[email protected]
Yutaka Miyamoto NTT Network Innovation Laboratories, NTT
Corporation, 1-1 Hikari-no-oka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 239-0847 Japan,
[email protected]
ix
x Contributors
TetsuyaMiyazaki NewGenerationNetworkResearchCenter,NationalInstitute
ofInformationandCommunicationsTechnology(NICT),4-2-1,Nukui-Kitamachi,
Koganei,Tokyo,184-8795,Japan,[email protected]
Takashi Mizuochi Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, 5-1-1 Ofuna, Kamakura,
247-8501Japan,[email protected]
ItsuroMorita KDDIR&DLaboratories,Japan,[email protected]
Masataka Nakazawa Research Institute of Electrical Communication,
Tohoku University,Katahira2-1-1,Aoba-ku,980-8577 Sendai-shi,Miyagiken,
Japan,[email protected]
Reinhold Noé University of Paderborn, EIM-E, Optical Communication and
High-FrequencyEngineering,WarburgerStr.100,D-33098Paderborn,Germany,
[email protected]
TimoPfau BellLaboratories,Alcatel-Lucent,600-700MountainAve,Murray
Hill,NJ07974,USA,[email protected]
JensC.Rasmussen FujitsuLaboratoriesLimited,1-1Kamikodanaka4-Chome,
Nakahara-ku,Kawasaki211-8588,[email protected]
ShiroRyu NetworkDivision,SoftBankTelecomCorporation,1-9-1,Higashi-
shimbashi,Minato-ku,Tokyo105-7316,Japan,[email protected]
William Shieh The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia,
[email protected]
YasuyukiTakatori NTTNetworkInnovationLaboratories,NTTCorporation,
1-1Hikari-no-oka,Yokosuka,Kanagawa,239-0847Japan,
[email protected]
Hiroyuki Uenohara Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan,
[email protected]
PeterJ.Winzer BellLabs,Alcatel-Lucent,Paris,France;209Holmdel-Keyport
Rd.,Holmdel,NJ07733,USA,[email protected]
XingwenYi SchoolofCommunicationandInformationEngineering,University
ofElectronicScienceandTechnologyofChina,Chengdu,Sichuan,611731,China,
[email protected]