Table Of ContentHigh Energy
Astrophysics
High Energy
Astrophysics
Supernovae, Remnants, Active Galaxies,
Cosmology
Proceedings of the Second Workshop of the
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft and the Academia Sinica,
Held at SchloB Ringberg, Tegernsee,
July 12-17,1987
Editor: G. BOrner
With 106 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
London Paris Tokyo
Professor Dr. Gerhard BOrner
Max-Planck-Institut fOr Physik und Astrophysik,
Institut fOr Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1 , 0-8046 Garching, Fed. Rep. of Germany
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-73562-2 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-73560-8
001: 10.1007/978-3-642-73560-8
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Preface
The second workshop on High Energy Astrophysics of the Ma..x-Planck-Society
and the Academia Sinica was held at Ringberg Castle near Tegernsee during
the week July 12-July 17, 1987. It is the purpose of these workshops to en
courage the exchange of ideas between German and Chinese astrophysicists
(scientists from other countries are also welcome, of course), and the pleas
ant atmosphere and surroundings of Ringberg Castle certainly helped the
development of relaxed and stimulating discussions. In addition, we seemed
to have picked out the one week of perfect weather during a rainy summer.
Thanks are due to Mr. Hormann and his staff for creating a perfect infra
structure.
The proceedings have required a considerable amount of editing, and I
hope that all the papers are comprehensible. Thanks are due to Miss Petra
Berkemeyer and Miss Hannelore Muller, who patiently retyped several manu
scripts and helped with other editing jobs. I did not feel that a sharp refer
eeing procedure should be done, although I do not agree with all the papers
in this volume.
The interested reader will find that this book gives a fair account of the
present status of Chinese activities in the field of high energy astrophysics,
i.e. in supernova physics, accretion onto compact objects, active galaxies,
and cosmology.
It was our good fortune that three leading theorists (Hillebrandt, Nomoto,
Truran) could be persuaded to present their newest ideas, stimulated by
SN1987 A, on supernova physics. In addition, I feel that one of the highlights
of this volume is the article by Li Qibin on historical supernova from Chinese
records, a work that here appears in English for the first time. The review
article by N. Straumann on "Cosmic Strings" gives an exposition that is nicely
self-contained - I have not seen another account of this topic as thorough and
readable as this one.
The papers on radiation transport and accretion problems give an up
to-date discussion of several aspects of this field. Several papers deal with
the intricate task of extracting information about the distribution of quasars
from absorption lines, and several others address the question whether the
universe has a fractal structure (I am especially happy that a contribution
by Fang Lizhi, who unfortunately was unable to attend the workshop, but
who had helped to organize it, could be included here).
v
Thanks are due to Prof. R. Kippenhahn, the Director of the Max-Planck
Institut fiiI Astrophysik, for his support of the workshop.
Miinchen G. Borner
December 1987
VI
Contents
Part I Supernovae and Their Remnants
A Recent Study on the Historical Novae and Supernovae
By Li Qibin (With 3 Figures) ............................ 2
Models of Type II Supernova and SN 1987 A: Observations Versus
Theoretical Predictions. By W. Hillebrandt .................. 26
Theoretical Model of SN 1987A and Presupernova Evolution of
Massive Stars
By K. Nomoto, M. Hashimoto, and T. Shigeyama (With 21 Figures) 34
Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis Implications of Supernova
1987A. By J.W. Truran (With 4 Figures) .................... 57
X-Ray Observations of Supernova Remnants - The State of the Art -
By W. Brinkmann (With 3 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Supernova Explosions Inside Pre-existing Wind-Driven Cavities:
Spherically Symmetric Models. By G. Tenorio-Tagle, P. Bodenheimer,
and J. Franco (With 4 Figures) ........................... 77
Inverse Compton Scattering (ICS) Plays an Important Role in Pulsar
Emission. By G.J. Qiao (With 2 Figures) ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Line Emission from Magnetized Neutron Stars and Electron Cyclotron
Maser Instability. By Wang De Yu and Mao Din Yi (With 3 Figures) 97
Radiation Processes in Strong Magnetic Fields
By W. Nagel (With 3 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 103
Radiation Dominated Shocks in a One-Dimensional Plasma Flow
By H. Riffert (With 2 Figures) ........................... 112
Part II Active Galaxies
Quasar Models. By M. Camenzind (With 1 Figure) 118
Accretion Disks in the Centers of Galaxies
By W.J. Duschl (With 4 Figures) ......................... 126
VII
Synchrotron Emission from Shock Waves in Active Galactic Nuclei
By P.L. Biermann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 134
The Masses of Active Galactic Nuclei
By Liu Ru-liang (With 3 Figures) ......................... 144
The Study of X-Ray Radiation from AGNs
By Liu Ru-Liang, Zhang He-qi, and You Jun-han (With 6 Figures) 149
The Starburst Model for AGNs
By J. Melnick and R. Terlevich (With 3 Figures) .............. 155
Starburst Galaxies as Recently Formed Companions
By H. Arp (With 3 Figures) ............................. 160
Collision of Giant Molecular Clouds
By Guo-xuan Song (With 5 Figures) ....................... 167
Part III Cosmology
Cosmic Strings and Galaxy Formation
By N. Straumann (With 6 Figures) ........................ 174
The Correlation Strength of Clusters in the Cosmic String Model
By Jia-lu Zhang and Yi-peng Jing (With 2 Figures) ............ 196
Fractals in the Distribution of Galaxies. By L.Z. Fang 201
Fractal Turbulence and Origin of Large Scale Structure
By Liu Yong-zhen and Deng Zu-gan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 205
The Two-Point Correlation Function of Groups in CFA Survey
By Zou Zhen-long and Liu Da-qing (With 1 Figure) ............ 213
Large Scale Distribution of Galaxies with Different Luminosity
By G. Borner, Z.-G. Deng, and X.-Y. Xia (With 3 Figures) ....... 218
The Large Scale Distribution of Abell Clusters
By G. Borner, You-yuan Zhou, and Yu Gao (With 10 Figures) .... 227
A Study of the Cosmic Constant HO with SNI
By Wu Shimin, Guo Wanwen, and Li Zongwei (With 2 Figures) ... 236
The Large Scale Inhomogeneous Distribution of Ly-Alpha Absorption
Lines in the Spectra of Quasars
By Yaoquan Chu and Xingfen Zhu (With 5 Figures) ............ 240
Clustering of Quasars and Its Evolution
By Xingfen Zhu and Yaoquan Chu (With 5 Figures) 247
Evolution in Quasar Clustering Properties
By A. Kruszewski (With 2 Figures) ........................ 255
VIII
The Observational Status of Super Clusters at High Redshifts
By M.-H. Ulrich ...................................... 263
Exact Solutions of the Nonlinear Equations for Self-Gravitating
Matter. By G. Gotz ................................... 268
Index of Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 281
IX
Part I
Supernovae and Their Remnants
A Recent Study on
the Historical Novae and Supernovae
Li Qibin
Beijing Astronomical Observatory, Beijing, People's Republic of China
1. I ntroduct ion
The astronomers are being excited by the event of the SN 1987A
which is the most brilliant supernova exploded during the last 3
centur ies and, is showing some unusual character istics. In this
case people would ask why no supernova has exploded in such a long
time in the Galaxy and whether any supernova has shown similar
behavior. Whenever astronomers consider these problems they always
pay attention to the ancient records, especially, to those in
Chinese chronicles which include the richest records of historical
astronomical phenomena over the world. Right now my colleagues, Ms
Zhuang Weifeng and her co-authors [1] have completed a general
compilation of Chinese ancient records of the astronomical
phenomena. To compile the book, about 200 scholars have spent 13
years and checked 150 thousands volumes of ancient documents. For
this comprehensive book they have collected moze than 10 thousands
of the relevant records from the ancient documents whichever they
could find in China. It includes 10 types of astronomical
records, which are novae & supernovae, comets, meteors, showers,
meteorites, sunspots, aurorae, solar eclipses, lunar eclipse and
occultations. As the editor of the chapter of historical novae and
supernovae, would like to introduce the main results here and
discuss the conf irmation on histor ical supernovae according to
these materials.
2. A New Catalogue of Historical Novae and Supernovae
2.1 A Brief History
The earliest compilation of the records of "Unusual Stars" in
chinese references was done by the chinese scholar Ma Duanlin [2]
in the 13th century which listed relevant events recorded from
the Han dynasty 'to the 13th century, which had been translated to
the western language by Biot [3,4]. Lundmark [5] noticed that the
space distribution of those guest stars was consistent with that
2
