High Dynamic Range Imaging: Acquisition, Display, and Image-Based Lighting

522 Pages·2005·10.07 MB·English

by  Erik Reinhard

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Thisisaremarkablycompletebookononeofthemostimportantareasofmoderncomputergraphics
byfourofthetoppeopleinthefield.Itsclearanddetailedtreatmentofboththeoryandpracticewillmake
itanessentialresourceformyownwork,andIwouldrecommendittoanyonedoingcomputergraphicsor
imaging.
—PeterShirley,Professor,UniversityofUtah
HighDynamicRangeImagingisafantasticoverviewofthestateoftheartforsomecritical
conceptsinvisualeffects.ItoutlinesthebasicfoundationsofcolortheorythatarethecoreofVFXimage
processingandalsoservesasaroadmaptothewaywewillbeworkinginthefuture.Thisbookshouldbe
requiredreadingforanyVFXartistdoinghigh-endfilmwork.
Whenworkingonavisualeffectsfilm,anyimagesprovidedbythedirectorofphotographyareboth
sacredandfragile.Thisbookexplainswhyandalsohelpsguidethereadertoabetterunderstandingofhow
HDRimagerycaneliminatealotofcommonLDRproblemsintheVFXpipeline.
—ScottStokdyk,VisualEffectsSupervisor,SonyPicturesImageworks
I was very impressed with this book. It is highly topical and relevant at this pivotal time in the
technologyofimagerecordinganddisplay.Eventheaverageconsumeriswellawareofmonstrouschanges
inthefilmindustry:digitalcamerassupplantingfilmcamerasanddigitalprojectorsmusclinginonfilm
projectorsatcinemas.Thisbookisanexcellenttouchstoneofwheretheindustryisandwhereitwillbe
goinginthecomingyears.
Thebook readsverywell. Itnot only works as an excellentreferencevolume but itreadseasily and
teachesthesubjectthoroughly.There’snoquestionthatit’sgoingonmybookshelfandIknowmanyartists
whowillinsistonhavingacopytoo.
Finally,Iappreciatethatabookaboutimagesandperceptiondoesnotskimponplates.Thisisavery
prettybookandcommunicatestheproblemswithimagesveryclearly.
—DougRoble,CreativeDirectorofSoftware,DigitalDomain
Last week I saw the future: a 50-inch high dynamic range video display. The authors of this book
predictthatHDRdisplaysmaybeaslittleasfewyearsaway,buthavingseentomorrow,mydemandforthe
technologyisnow.Fortunately,thisbookmorethansatisfiesmycravingforinformationonallaspectsof
highdynamicrangeimaging.Ithasbroughtthefuturetomyreadingchairandmysoftwaredevelopment
efforts.ItisallthatIcould(anddid)askfor.
—IanAshdown,President,byHeartConsultantsLimited
THE MORGAN KAUFMANN SERIES
IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS
HighDynamicRangeImaging: Acquisition, LevelofDetailfor3DGraphics RenderingwithRadiance:TheArtandScience
Display,andImage-BasedLighting DavidLuebke,MartinReddy, ofLightingVisualization
ErikReinhard,GregWard,Sumanta JonathanD.Cohen,Amitabh GregWardLarsonandRob
Pattanaik,andPaulDebevec Varshney,BenjaminWatson,and Shakespeare
RobertHuebner
CompleteMayaProgrammingVolumeII:An IntroductiontoImplicitSurfaces
In-depthGuideto3DFundamentals, PyramidAlgorithms:ADynamic EditedbyJulesBloomenthal
Geometry,andModeling ProgrammingApproachtoCurvesandSurfaces
DavidA.D.Gould forGeometricModeling JimBlinn’sCorner:ATripDowntheGraphics
RonGoldman Pipeline
MELScriptingforMayaAnimators,Second
JimBlinn
Edition Non-PhotorealisticComputerGraphics:
MarkR.WilkinsandChrisKazmier Modeling,Rendering,andAnimation InteractiveCurvesandSurfaces:AMultimedia
AdvancedGraphicsProgrammingUsing ThomasStrothotteandStefan TutorialonCAGD
OpenGL Schlechtweg AlynRockwoodandPeterChambers
TomMcReynoldsandDavidBlythe CurvesandSurfacesforCAGD:APractical WaveletsforComputerGraphics:Theoryand
DigitalGeometry:GeometricMethodsfor Guide,FifthEdition Applications
DigitalPictureAnalysis GeraldFarin EricJ.Stollnitz,TonyD.DeRose,and
ReinhardKletteandAzrielRosenfeld SubdivisionMethodsforGeometricDesign:A DavidH.Salesin
DigitalVideoandHDTV:Algorithmsand ConstructiveApproach PrinciplesofDigitalImageSynthesis
Interfaces JoeWarrenandHenrikWeimer AndrewS.Glassner
CharlesPoynton
ComputerAnimation:Algorithmsand
Real-TimeShaderProgramming Techniques Radiosity&GlobalIllumination
RonFosner RickParent FrançoisX.SillionandClaudePuech
CompleteMayaProgramming:AnExtensive TheComputerAnimator’sTechnicalHandbook Knotty:AB-SplineVisualizationProgram
GuidetoMELandtheC++API LynnPocockandJudsonRosebush JonathanYen
DavidA.D.Gould
AdvancedRenderMan:CreatingCGIfor UserInterfaceManagementSystems:Models
Texturing&Modeling:AProceduralApproach, MotionPictures andAlgorithms
ThirdEdition AnthonyA.ApodacaandLarryGritz DanR.Olsen,Jr.
DavidS.Ebert,F.KentonMusgrave,
DarwynPeachey,KenPerlin,and CurvesandSurfacesinGeometricModeling: MakingThemMove:Mechanics,Control,and
StevenWorley TheoryandAlgorithms AnimationofArticulatedFigures
JeanGallier EditedbyNormanI.Badler,BrianA.
GeometricToolsforComputerGraphics
PhilipSchneiderandDavidH.Eberly AndrewGlassner’sNotebook:Recreational Barsky,andDavidZeltzer
ComputerGraphics
UnderstandingVirtualReality:Interface, AndrewS.Glassner GeometricandSolidModeling:An
Application,andDesign Introduction
WilliamB.ShermanandAlanR. WarpingandMorphingofGraphicalObjects ChristophM.Hoffmann
Craig JonasGomes,LuciaDarsa,Bruno
Costa,andLuizVelho AnIntroductiontoSplinesforUsein
JimBlinn’sCorner:Notation,Notation, ComputerGraphicsandGeometricModeling
Notation JimBlinn’sCorner:DirtyPixels RichardH.Bartels,JohnC.Beatty,
JimBlinn JimBlinn andBrianA.Barsky
H I G H D Y N A M I C
RANGE IMAGING
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THE MORGAN KAUFMANN SERIES
IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS
H I G H D Y N A M I C
RANGE IMAGING
ACQUISITION, DISPLAY, AND IMAGE-BASED LIGHTING
ERIK REINHARD SUMANTA PATTANAIK
GREG WARD PAUL DEBEVEC
AMSTERDAM•BOSTON•HEIDELBERG
LONDON•NEWYORK•OXFORD
PARIS•SANDIEGO•SANFRANCISCO
SINGAPORE•SYDNEY•TOKYO
MorganKaufmannisanimprintofElsevier
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Voor Franz and Ineke. Ik ben jullie geweldig dankbaar voor de steun en vrijheid die jullie
mealtijdgegevenhebben
—E.R.
TomydaughtersAlinaandTessala,andallthosewhoseetheworldthroughneweyes
—G.W.
Tomyfamily
—S.P.
ToMaya,whoknowsthegenuinebeautyoflight
—P.D.
ERIK REINHARDisassistantprofessorattheUniversityofCentralFloridaandfounderandeditor-
in-chief(withHeinrichBülthoff)ofACMTransactionsonAppliedPerception.Heisinterestedintheinterface
betweenvisualperceptionandcomputergraphicsandalsoinhighdynamicrangeimageediting.His
workinHDRIincludestheSIGGRAPH2005ComputerAnimationFestivalcontributionImage-basedMaterial
Editing, as well as tone reproduction and color appearance algorithms. He holds a BSc and a TWAIO
diplomaincomputersciencefromDelftUniversityofTechnologyandaPhDincomputersciencefrom
theUniversityofBristol,andwasapost-doctoralresearcherattheUniversityofUtah.
GREG WARDisapioneerinHDRI,havingdevelopedthefirstwidelyusedHDRimagefileformat
in1986aspartoftheRadiancelightingsimulationsystem.In1998heintroducedthemoreadvanced
LogLuvTIFFencodingandmorerecentlythebackwards-compatibleHDRextensiontoJPEG.Heisalso
theauthoroftheMacOSXapplicationPhotosphere,whichprovidesadvancedHDRassemblyandcat-
alogingandisfreelyavailablefromwww.anyhere.com.CurrentlyheiscollaboratingwithSunnybrook
TechnologiesontheirHDRdisplaysystems.Greghasworkedasapartofthecomputergraphicsresearch
communityforover20years,developingrenderingalgorithms,reflectancemodelsandmeasurement
systems,tonereproductionoperators,imageprocessingtechniques,andphotoprintercalibrationmeth-
ods.HispastemployersincludetheLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory,EPFLSwitzerland,SGI,Shut-
terfly,andExponent.Heholdsabachelor’sdegreeinphysicsfromUCBerkeleyandamaster’sdegree
incomputersciencefromSanFranciscoState University. He iscurrentlyworkingasanindependent
consultantinAlbany,California.
SUMANTA PATTANAIKisanassociateprocessorofcomputerscienceattheUniversityofCentral
Florida,Orlando(UCF).Hismainareaofresearchisrealisticrenderingwherehehasbeenactiveforover
15yearsandhascontributedsignificantlythroughanumberofresearchpublications.Hiscurrentfocusis
developingreal-timerenderingalgorithmsandmodelingnaturalenvironments.Heiscurrentlyserving
asthecomputergraphicscategoryeditorofACMComputingReview.SumantareceivedhisMSdegreein
chemistryfromUtkalUniversity,Indiain1978andPhDdegreeincomputersciencefromBirlaInstitute
ofTechnologyandScienceinPilani(BITS-Pilani),Indiain1993.PriortojoiningUCFhewasaresearch
associateattheProgramofComputerGraphicsatCornellUniversity,apost-doctoralresearcheratthe
SIAMESprogramofIRISA/INRIAFrance,andaseniorstaffscientistattheNationalCenterofSoftware
Technology,India.
PAUL DEBEVECisaresearchassistantprofessorattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaandtheex-
ecutiveproducerofgraphicsresearchatUSC’sInstituteforCreativeTechnologies.Paul’sPhDthesis(UC
Berkeley,1996)presentedFaçade,animage-basedmodelingandrenderingsystemforcreatingphoto-
realarchitecturalmodelsfromphotographs.UsingFaçade,heledthecreationofvirtualcinematography
oftheBerkeleycampusforhis1997filmTheCampanileMoviewhosetechniqueswereusedtocreatevir-
tualbackgroundsinthe1999filmTheMatrix.Subsequentlyhepioneeredtechniquesforilluminating
computer-generatedsceneswithreal-worldlightingcapturedthroughhighdynamicrangephotogra-
phy,demonstratingnewimage-basedlightingtechniquesinhisfilmsRenderingwithNaturalLight(1998),
FiatLux(1999),andTheParthenon(2004).HehasalsoledthedesignofHDRShop,thefirstwidelyused
highdynamicrangeimageeditingprogram.MostrecentlyPaulhasledthedevelopmentofaseriesof
LightStagedevicesthatallowobjects,actors,andperformancestobesyntheticallyilluminatedwithnovel
lighting.ThistechniquewasusedtocreatephotorealdigitalactorsforthefilmSpiderMan2.Paulreceived
thefirstACMSIGGRAPHSignificantNewResearcherAwardin2001,wasnamedoneoftheworld’stop
“100YoungInnovators”byMIT’sTechnologyReviewin2002,andwasawardedaLillianGilbrethLectureship
fromtheNationalAcademyofEngineeringin2005.