Hidden majority : a guidebook on alcohol and other drug issues for counsellors who work with women, The

228 Pages·1996·13.6 MB·English

by  Ontario. Addiction Research Foundation

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^cohol and other drug
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counsellors
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1996
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Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2017 with funding from
University of Toronto
https://archive.org/details/hiddenmajorityguOOonta
The
Hidden Majority
A guidebook on alcohol and
other drug issues for counsellors
who work with women
arV
ARFdoedusinecdataritcoihnon dsFuoernidaiaartteiocoxhniecrocmhaenie ))111Canada'sdrugstrategy
© 1996AddictionResearchFoundation,
AddictionResearchFoundation
33 RussellStreet
Toronto,ON M4S 2S1
Disponibleenfran9ais.
CanadianCataloguinginPublicationData
Mainentryundertitle:
Thehiddenmajority: aguidebookonalcoholandotherdrugissuesforcounsellorswho
workwithwomen
Includesbibliographicalreferences.
ISBN0-88868-256-5
1.Women-Alcoholuse. 2.Women-Druguse.
3.Alcoholismcounseling. 4. Drugabusecounseling.
5.Women-Counselingof. I. Ontario. AddictionResearchFoundation.
HV4999.W64H53 1996 362.29’082 C96-930399-8
Project Team
MargaretCanale ProjectCoordinator, Researcher, andWriter
AddictionResearchFoundation, Toronto,'Ontario
ManuellaAdrian AddictionResearchFoundation, Toronto, Ontario
PearlBader AddictionResearchFoundation, Toronto, Ontario
JuliaGreenbaum AddictionResearchFoundation,Toronto, Ontario
KristineHoUenberg AddictionResearchFoundation, London, Ontario
EvaIngber AddictionResearchFoundation, Toronto, Ontario
Meral Kesebi Addiction ResearchFoundation, Toronto, Ontario
Kathy Kilbum Addiction ResearchFoundation, NorthBay, Ontario
LiseNolet Addiction ResearchFoundation, Toronto, Ontario
—
Wendy Reynolds Action onWomen’sAddictions Research and
Education (AWARE), Kingston, Ontario
SusanRoxborough Addiction ResearchFoundation, Toronto, Ontario
Cindy Smythe AddictionResearchFoundation, London, Ontario
JackolynThomas Harambee Centres Canada, Toronto, Ontario
GwenneWoodward CreditValley Hospital, Mississauga, Ontario
VirginiaCarver ProjectLeader
Addiction ResearchFoundation, Ottawa, Ontario
SusanHarrison ProjectLeader
AddictionResearchFoundation, EastRegion, Ontario
This guidebookwas partially fundedby acontributionfromtheCommunity
SupportProgramofCanada’s Drug Strategy, Health Canada. We thankthem
fortheirsupportinrecognizing theimportance ofandneedforaresource
aboutwomen and substanceuse. Theviews expressedinthe guidebook
arethose oftheprojectteam and donotnecessarilyrepresentthe views of
HealthCanada.
Acknowledgements
Theprojectteam wouldliketothankthe many individuals whohave con-
tributedtothe developmentofthis guidebook. We appreciatethetime and
thoughtfulness they gave inreviewing andcommenting onthis resource.
Theprojectteam alsothanks KimBellforheradministrative assistance in
developingresource lists relatedtothe guidebook.
Guidebook Reviewers
BeverleyAbbott AlbertaAlcohol andDrugAbuse Commission,
Edmonton,Alberta
JanetAmos Family Services ofGreaterVancouver, New
Westminster, British Columbia
DeniseAnnett HealthCanada, Ottawa, Ontario
ChristineBois AddictionResearch Foundation, EastRegion, Ontario
MadelineBoscoe Women’s Health Clinic,Winnipeg, Manitoba
Lorraine Chapman HamiltonWomen’s Detox, Hamilton, Ontario
Michael DeVillaer Addiction ResearchFoundation, Hamilton, Ontario
Sandi Harmer AmethystWomen’sAddiction Centre, Ottawa, Ontario
Marilyn Harry NorthwestTerritories Status ofWomen Council
&
NorthernAddiction Services, Yellowknife,
NorthwestTerritories
Pearl Isaac AddictionResearch Foundation, Toronto, Ontario
BonnieJohnson Planned ParenthoodFederation ofCanada,
Ottawa, Ontario
Meldon Kahan Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario
Stephen Kennedy AddictionAssessment Services ofOttawa-Carleton,
Ottawa, Ontario
Cathy Mattem Women’s Health Bureau, HealthCanada,
Ottawa, Ontario
Sheri McConnell SaskatoonMental Health Clinic and Gay & Lesbian
Health Services, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
Louise Nadeau Universite deMontreal, Outremont, Quebec
NancyPoole BritishColumbiaMinistryofHealth,Victoria,
BritishColumbia
Robin Room AddictionResearch Foundation, Toronto, Ontario
Helen Ross Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario
Wayne Skinner Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario
Larry Sobol Addiction Research Foundation, Pembroke, Ontario
Trudy Watts Pictou CountyWomen’s Centre andTatamagouche
Adult Education Centre, Scotsbum, Nova Scotia
Contents
1. About the Guidebook 5
2. Women’s Substance Use
Positive andNegativeAspects ofWomen’s Socialization 7
Substances andTheirEffects onWomen 9
Drug Effects 9
AWord about Non-PrescriptionMedicine 10
Drug Combinations 10
How DoAlcohol and OtherDrugs SpecificallyAffect
Women’s Bodies? 11
Understanding the Influences onWomen’s Substance Use 15
Y
Individual Influences 17
Interpersonal and SocietalInfluences 20
Environmental Influences 26
HowWomen Use: Patterns ofWomen’s Substance Use 27
Contemporary Patterns ofSubstance Use among
^ Women in Canada 27
HowWomen’s Substance Use Differs fromMen’s 30
Negative Stereotypes aboutWomen’s Substance Use 31
Understanding DifferentTheoretical andPhilosophicalApproaches .... 33
References 36
3. Important Issues to Consider when
Working with Women
Introduction 41
Access Issues 42
Access forthe Disabled 42
Age 42
Child Care 42
Detoxification 43
Finances 43
Lack ofSupportfromFamily andFriends 43
Language Barriers andLackofCulturally-Sensitive Services 44
Location ofthe Program 44
Mood-Altering PrescriptionMedication 45
ProgramIssues 45
Concerns over Safety 45
Genderofthe Counsellor 45
HelpingTreatmentReflecttheNeeds ofWomen 46
ProgramPhilosophy andRequirements 47
Sexual Orientation 48
WhatDoes the Program OfferWomen Clients? 49
Counselhng Issues 50
Coping withAnger 51
Coping with Guiltand Shame 52
Coping with Physical and SexualViolence 52
DevelopingAppropriate Coping Skills 53
^
Eating Issues 54
Financial, Legal andJobAssistance 55
Health Issues 56
Mental Health Issues 58
Relapse Prevention 59
Relationship Issues inTreatment 61
Sexuahty Issues 66
Women and Self-Help 66
Accountability Issues 69
Appendix
LegalAdvice onAccountability Issues 71
TheTwelve Steps ofAlcoholicsAnonymous 79
FeministModel: Twelve Steps 80
Women for Sobriety (WFS) New Life Program 81
References 82
2
.
4. Screening, Identification, Assessment,
Referral
AskingAboutAlcohol andOtherDrug Use 85
UnderstandingYourBiases and Stereotypes 85
Screening andIdentification 88
WhatDo IDo withthis Information? 101
TakingAction 102
Doing an In-DepthAssessment 103
Whento Be Concerned about aWoman’s Substance Use 105
Stages ofChange 107
Next Steps afterAssessment 112
Selecting aTreatmentProgram 121
Basic InformationYou Needto Know aboutthe Client 121
How to Find OutwhatisAvailable inYourCommunity 122
Questions toAsk aboutAccess 122
Questions toAskaboutthe Program 123
Appendix
How to QuitDrinking orCutDown 126
ScreeningTools 131
Women’s Health andDrug Use Questionnaire 131
TWEAK ScreeningToolforAlcoholUse 135
ICD-10 (International Classification ofDiseases) 136
References 138
5. Women and Wellness
Health PromotionIssues 141
WhatIs Health Promotion? 141
Putting HealthPromotion Strategies intoAction 142
HealthyAlternatives to Unhealthy SubstanceUse 144
Practical Suggestions forWomen 145
Alternatives to Non-Essential Medication 148
AWoman’s Health Bill ofRights andResponsibihties 150
References 151
3
.
6. Facts about Alcohol and Other Drugs
Alcohol 153
Amphetamines 159
Antidepressants 164
Barbiturates 169
Benzodiazepines 173
Caffeine 177
Cannabis 182
Cocaine 186
Hallucinogens 191
Inhalants 200
Opiates 204
Tobacco 209
IfYou Want More Information
National Organizations 215
Provincial Organizations 216
OtherResources 219
4
.