Herbal Bioactive-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Challenges and Opportunities

495 Pages·2022·8.878 MB·English

by  Inderbir Singh Bakshi (editor), Rajni Bala (editor), Reecha Madaan (editor), Rakesh K. Sindhu (editor)

HERBAL BIOACTIVE-BASED DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEMS
This pageintentionallyleftblank
HERBAL
BIOACTIVE-
BASED DRUG
DELIVERY
SYSTEMS
Challenges and Opportunities
Edited by
I S B
NDERBIR INGH AKSHI
ChitkaraCollegeofPharmacy,ChitkaraUniversity,Rajpura,Punjab,India
R B
AJNI ALA
ChitkaraCollegeofPharmacy,ChitkaraUniversity,Rajpura,Punjab,India
R M
EECHA ADAAN
ChitkaraCollegeofPharmacy,ChitkaraUniversity,Rajpura,Punjab,India
R K. S
AKESH INDHU
ChitkaraCollegeofPharmacy,ChitkaraUniversity,Rajpura,Punjab,India
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Contents
List of contributors xi 2.4.1 Micro-andnanoparticles 27
Preface xv 2.4.2 Micro-andnanoemulsions 30
2.4.3 Nanosuspensions 31
2.4.4 Micelles 32
1. Role of herbal bioactives and their
2.4.5 Liposomes 32
formulations in the treatment of
2.4.6 Phytosomes 36
gastrointestinal disorders 1
2.4.7 Dendrimers 37
SarabjitKaur,MonikaSachdeva,HasandeepSingh,Arshdeep 2.4.8 Hydrogellingsystems 37
Singh,JaipalKaur,ArchanaRani,SarojAroraandBalbirSingh 2.4.9 Ocularinsertsandimplants 39
2.5 Herbalexcipientsusedinoculardrug
1.1 Introduction 1
deliverysystems 40
1.1.1 Anatomyandphysiologyof
2.5.1 Cellulosederivatives 41
gastrointestinaltract 1
2.5.2 Alginate 42
1.2 Roleofherbalbioactivesandformulations
2.5.3 Starch 43
inthetreatmentofgastrointestinaltract
2.5.4 Pectin 43
disorders 2
2.5.5 Gumsandmucilages 44
1.2.1 Gastroesophagealrefluxdisease 3
2.5.6 Cyclodextrins 47
1.2.2 Pepticulcer 5
2.6 Conclusionsandfutureperspectives 48
1.2.3 Coloncancer 8
References 49
1.2.4 Constipation 9
1.2.5 Diarrhea 11
1.2.6 Irritablebowelsyndrome 12 3. Herbal bioactives for pulmonary drug
1.2.7 Nanotechnology-basedherbal
delivery systems 63
formulationsfortreatmentof
gastrointestinaldiseases 14 ReshuVirmaniandKamlaPathak
1.3 Conclusion 16
3.1 Introduction 63
Acknowledgments 16
3.2 Asthma 64
Conflictofinterests 16
3.3 Chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease 69
Funding 16
3.4 Lungcancer 72
References 17
3.5 Pulmonaryfibrosis 76
3.6 Researchandmarketscenario 81
2. Herbal bioactives for ocular drug
3.7 Conclusion 81
delivery systems 25
References 84
EvrenAlgınYapar,M.E.Durgun,I.Esentu¨rk,
S.Gu¨ngo¨randY.O¨zsoy
4. Herbal bioactives in transdermal drug
2.1 Introduction 25 delivery system 93
2.2 Anatomy,physiology,andpharmacokinetic
GagandeepKaur,PrabhjotKaur,PiyushMadaan,
ofeye 26
RishuVerma,ParteekChandel,TwinkleSalgotra,
2.3 Herbalmedicineforoculardiseases 26 HarnoorKaurandRakeshK.Sindhu
2.4 Herbalmedicineforoculardrugdelivery
systems 27 4.1 Introduction 93
v
vi
Contents
4.2 Herbalbioactives 94 6. Herbal bioactive(cid:1)based nano drug
4.3 Meritsanddemeritsofherbaldrug delivery systems 169
formulations 94
MuhammadSohail,FazleRabbi,AyeshaYounas,AbidHussain,
4.4 Transdermaldrugdeliverysystem 95
BinYu,YanliLi,SajidIqbal,KamranHidayatUllah,
4.5 Novelherbalbioactivecarriersin AbdulQadeer,MdAquib,HaroonIqbalandHuiXu
transdermaldrugdelivery 96
4.5.1 Liposomes 96 6.1 Introduction 169
6.2 Historyandconventionalapproachesto
4.5.2 Phytosomes 98
herbalbioactive 171
4.5.3 Niosomes 98
6.2.1 Historyofdeliverysystems 173
4.5.4 Nanoparticles 100
6.3 Principleobjectivesfornanodrugdelivery
4.5.5 Emulsions 101
systemandherbalbioactive 173
4.5.6 Ethosomes 102
6.4 Recentapproachesofdrugdeliverysystemfor
4.5.7 Microsphere 104
herbalbioactivesubstances 174
4.5.8 Transferosomes 105
6.5 Whynanodrugdeliveryforherbal
4.6 Proniosomes 106
bioactive 176
4.7 Conclusion 106
6.6 Typesofdrugdeliverysystemusedforherbal
References 107
bioactive 176
6.6.1 Liposomes 176
6.6.2 Nanoemulsions 179
5. Herbal bioactive(cid:1)based 6.6.3 Niosomes 181
6.6.4 Phytosome 182
vaginal and rectal drug delivery
6.6.5 Polymericmicelles 183
systems 111 6.6.6 Nanoparticles 184
SanjeevaniShekharDeshkarandJayashriG.Mahore 6.6.7 Nanogels/hydrogel 186
6.6.8 OtherNDDSherbalformulation 186
5.1 Introduction 111 6.7 Futureperspectiveandchallengesofherbal
5.2 Vaginalrouteforherbalbioactives 112 bioactive 188
5.2.1 Anatomyofvagina 113 Conflictofinterest 190
5.2.2 Vaginalabsorptionandfactors References 190
affectingvaginaldrugdelivery 113
5.2.3 Vaginaldisordersandtheir 7. Herbal bioactive(cid:1)based cosmetics 195
treatmentusingmedicinalplant
KennethC.UgoezeandOluwatoyinA.Odeku
extracts 114
5.2.4 Vaginalherbalformulations 7.1 Introduction 195
basedonplantextracts 117 7.1.1 Whatiscosmetics? 195
5.2.5 Majorherbalbioactivesand 7.1.2 Historyofcosmetics 196
theirformulationsforvaginal 7.1.3 Reasonsfortheuseofcosmetics 197
delivery 119 7.2 Categoriesofcosmetics 198
5.3 Rectalrouteforherbalbioactives 137 7.2.1 Classificationbasedonthephysical
5.3.1 Anatomyofrectum 137 stateoftheproduct 198
5.3.2 Factorsaffectingabsorption 7.2.2 Cosmeticsbasedonthetypeof
throughtherectum 138 formulation 198
5.3.3 Rectaldosageformsforplant 7.2.3 Cosmeticsbasedonthepartofthe
extracts 138 bodyforapplication(LifestyleLounge;
5.3.4 Deliveryofplantextractsorbioactives Romanowski,2014;Sharma,Gadiyah,
throughrectalroute 139 &Dhanawat,2018) 198
5.4 Conclusionandfuturescope 150 7.2.4 Cosmeticsbasedonthefunctionofthe
References 150 preparation(LifestyleLounge;
vii
Contents
Romanowski,2014;Sharmaetal., 7.7.1 Patenttheapplicationofthenaturalor
2018) 199 organic-basedcosmetic 215
7.2.5 Outlineofvariouscosmeticsproducts 7.7.2 Patenttheformulationofnaturalor
(CosmeticInfo) 199 organiccosmetic 215
7.2.6 Fragranceproducts 199 References 217
7.2.7 Dustingpowders 200
7.2.8 Haircareproducts 200 8. Herbal bioactive(cid:1)based nutraceuticals
7.2.9 Nailproducts 200 using a metabolomics approach 227
7.2.10 Oralcareproducts 200
AmirModarresiChahardehiandVuanghaoLim
7.2.11 Productsforpersonalcleanliness 201
7.3 Challenges/disadvantagesofsynthetic-based
8.1 Introduction 227
cosmetic 201 8.2 Nutraceuticalsanddevelopmentin
7.3.1 Adversereactionofcosmetics 202
metabolomics 228
7.4 Herbalbioactivecosmeticproducts 203
8.3 Metabolomicsinherbalplants 232
7.4.1 Herbalbioactiveconstituentsemployed
8.4 Techniquesinmetabolomics 233
inthetreatmentofdryskin 204 8.5 Profilingofbioactivesandclassifications 241
7.4.2 Herbalbioactivecomponentsemployed
8.6 Nutraceuticalsbiomarkersfrommetabolomics
inthetreatmentofeczema 205
approaches 242
7.4.3 Herbalbioactivecomponentsemployed 8.7 Qualitycontrolandoptimization 243
inthetreatmentofacne,spots,and
8.8 Conclusion 250
pimples 205
Acknowledgement 251
7.4.4 Herbalbioactivecomponentsemployed References 251
asskinantiagingagents 206
7.4.5 Herbalbioactivecomponentsemployed
9. Herbal bioactives for wound healing
forfree-radicalscavengingeffects 206
application 259
7.4.6 Herbalbioactivecomponentsemployed
forantiinflammatoryeffects 207 InderbirSinghBakshi,HiteshChopra,MadhuSharma,Deepak
7.4.7 Herbalbioactivecomponentsemployed Kaushik,RakeshPahwaandHaryanto
inhaircare 207
9.1 Introduction 259
7.5 Sourcesofsomenotableherbalbioactive
9.1.1 Typesofwounds 260
ingredientsandtheiruses 210
9.1.2 Varioustypesofwoundhealing 260
7.5.1 Soy 211
9.2 Stagesofwoundhealing 260
7.5.2 Silibinin 211
9.3 Nanotechnologybasedapproachedforwound
7.5.3 Pycnogenol 212
healing 263
7.5.4 Ginkgobiloba 212
9.4 Patents 274
7.5.5 Greentea 212
9.5 Futuredirectionsandconclusions 274
7.5.6 Aloesin 212
References 277
7.6 Standardizationofusefulherbalbioactive
ingredientsincosmetics 212
10. Therapeutic updates and future
7.6.1 Sourceofmaterial 213
prospects on anticancer effects of
7.6.2 Collectionofplantsamples 213
7.6.3 Authenticationofsample 213 medicinal plants and phytochemicals 283
7.6.4 Morphologicalandmicroscopical
SevgiGezici
evaluations 213
7.6.5 Physico-chemicalevaluations 214 10.1 Introduction 283
7.6.6 Phytochemicalassessment 214 10.2 Globalcancerstatistics 284
7.6.7 Standardizationofbioactiveingredients 10.3 Carcinogenesisandtreatmentstrategies 286
markers 214 10.4 Roleofphytochemicalsincancerfor
7.7 Patentedherbalbioactive-basedcosmetics 214 complementarytherapy 288
viii
Contents
10.5 Phytochemicalsandmolecularmechanisms 12.3.1 Rapidexpansionofsupercritical
ofactionincancer 290 solutions 334
10.6 Signaltransductionandsignalingpathways 12.3.2 Particlesfromgassaturated
involvedincancer 296 solutions 338
10.7 Potentialsofmedicinalplantsand 12.3.3 Supercriticalantisolvent
phytochemicalsforcancerchemoprevention precipitation 343
andtherapy 298 12.4 Conclusion 360
10.8 Phytochemicalsandclinicaltrialsforcancer Acknowledgment 360
chemotherapeutics 302 References 360
10.9 Futurerecommendationsand
conclusions 303
10.10 Conflictofintereststatement 306 13. Nanoformulated herbal bioactives for
10.11 Financialdisclosure 306 the treatment of neurodegenerative
References 306 disorders 371
SorayaSajadimajd,SeyedZachariahMoradi,ValiAkbari,
11. Herbal bioactive-incorporated
FaranakAghazandMohammadHoseinFarzaei
scaffolds for wound healing
applications 311 13.1 Introduction 371
13.2 Neurodegenerativediseases 372
AmeyaSharma,VivekPuri,InderbirSinghBakshiand
13.3 Herbalbioactivesinthetreatmentof
PradeepKumar
neurodegenerativediseases 373
11.1 Background 311 13.3.1 Plantsandtheirconstituentsfrom
11.2 Curcumin-incorporatedscaffoldsforwound traditionalChinesemedicine 373
healingapplications 312 13.3.2 Plantsandtheirconstituentsfrom
11.3 Quercetin-incorporatedscaffoldsforwound traditionalIndianmedicine
healingapplications 320 (Ayurvedicmedicine) 375
11.4 EGCG-incorporatedscaffoldsforwound 13.3.3 Plantsandtheirconstituentsfrom
healingapplications 323 Iraniantraditionalmedicine 376
11.5 Moringaextractincorporatedscaffoldsfor 13.3.4 Plantsandtheirconstituentsfrom
woundhealingapplications 325 SouthAmericanandAfrican
11.6 Miscellaneous 325 traditionalmedicines 377
References 327 13.4 Nanoformulatedherbalbioactivein
neurodegenerativediseases 377
12. Development of natural bioactive 13.4.1 RoleofnanoformulatedCurcuminin
neurodegenerativediseases 377
delivery systems through pressurized
13.4.2 Roleofnanoformulatedquercetinin
fluids-modern techniques 331
neurodegenerativediseases 380
AnaPauladaFonsecaMachado,RobertodePaulaNascimento, 13.4.3 Roleofnanoformulatedresveratrolin
AmandaMariaTomaziniMunhozMoya, neurodegenerativediseases 381
RafaeladeCarvalhoBaptistaand
13.4.4 Roleofnanoformulatedrutinin
MarioRobertoMarosticaJunior
neurodegenerativediseases 381
12.1 Introduction 331 13.4.5 Roleofnanoformulatedpiperinein
12.2 Classificationofemergentmethodsbasedon neurodegenerativediseases 381
pressurizedfluidfunction:solvent,solute,and 13.4.6 Roleofnanoformulatedgallicacid
antisolvent 334 andepigallocatechin-3-gallatein
12.3 Developmentofdeliverysystemsthrough neurodegenerativediseases 382
emergentmethodsandtheirpotential 13.4.7 Roleofnanoformulatedferulicacidin
applicationinhumanhealth 334 neurodegenerativediseases 382
ix
Contents
13.4.8 RoleofnanoformulatedSeleniumin 15.4.2 Antioxidantaddition 415
neurodegenerativediseases 382 15.4.3 Adsorbentuse 416
13.5 Conclusion 383 15.5 Conclusion 416
References 383 References 416
16. Regulatory considerations of herbal
14. Standardization of herbal
bioactives 393 bioactive(cid:1)based formulations 419
SureshKumar,RamanpreetWalia,ShikhaSaxena,
ShashikantBagade,DipakD.PatilandAtulShirkhedkar
PoojaDeyandReechaMadaan
14.1 Introduction 393
16.1 Introduction 419
14.2 Standardizationofherbals 394
16.2 Classificationofherbalmedicines 420
14.2.1 Presentscenariowithstandardization
16.2.1 Category1:Indigenousherbal
ofbioactivematerial 394
medicines 420
14.2.2 Herbaldrugsinpharmacopeia 395
16.2.2 Category2:Herbalmedicinesin
14.3 Analyticalmethodsforherbal
systems 420
standardization 396
16.2.3 Category3:Modifiedherbal
14.3.1 Hyphenatedtechniques 397
medicines 420
14.3.2 Pharmacopeialstandard
16.2.4 Category4:Importedproducts
material 399
withaherbalmedicinebase 421
14.4 Somepracticalaspectsofextraction 400
16.3 Factsandstatisticsofherbalmedicinal
14.5 Challengeswhileworkingwithdrugdelivery
products 421
systemcontainingbioactiveconstituents 400
16.4 Needforherbalregulations 421
14.5.1 Factorsaffectinginvitro,invivo
16.5 Challengesinregulationofherbal
bioactivitystudies 401
medicines 422
14.6 Directionsforfurtherstudies 402
16.5.1 Lackofknowledgeaboutherbal
14.7 Conclusion 403
medicineswithinnationaldrug
Acknowledgment 403
authorities 422
References 403
16.5.2 Standardizationchallenges 423
16.5.3 Safetychallenges 423
15. Enhancement of the properties of
16.5.4 Qualitychallenges 423
herbal bioactives for drug delivery
16.5.5 Clinicaltrialschallenges 423
application 409 16.5.6 Pharmacovigilancechallenges 423
YotsananWeerapolandPornsakSriamornsak 16.6 Indianregulatorybody 424
16.6.1 MinistryofAYUSH 424
15.1 Introduction 409 16.6.2 Legistationsandlegalstatus 425
15.2 Enhancementoftheabsorptionofherbal 16.7 UnitedStatesregulatorybody 426
bioactives 410 16.7.1 Herbalmedicinesasbotanical
15.2.1 Sizereduction 410 drugs 426
15.2.2 Emulsiontechnology 410 16.7.2 Legislationsandlegalstatus 427
15.2.3 Modificationofsurface 16.8 Europeanregulatorysystem 427
properties 412 16.8.1 Legistationsandlegalstatus 427
15.2.4 Micro-andnanocarriers 412 16.9 Legalstatusandregulatoryguidelinesof
15.3 Therapeuticmodifications 414 variouscountries 428
15.4 Approachestoimprovethestabilityof 16.10 Conclusion 434
herbalbioactives 414 16.11 Recommendations 435
15.4.1 Storageconditions 415 References 435