Helping Children to Build Self-Esteem: A Photocopiable Activities Book

338 Pages·2003·1.14 MB·English

by  Caroline Archer

Trauma, Attachment and Family Permanence
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Trauma, Attachment
and Family Permanence
Fear Can Stop You Loving
Edited by Caroline Archer and Alan Burnell
for Family Futures
Foreword by Daniel A. Hughes
Jessica Kingsley Publishers
London and New York
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedinanymaterialform
(includingphotocopyingorstoringitinanymediumbyelectronicmeansandwhetheror
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9HE.Applicationsforthecopyrightowner’swrittenpermissiontoreproduceanypartof
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FirstpublishedintheUnitedKingdomin2003
byJessicaKingsleyPublishersLtd
116PentonvilleRoad
LondonN19JB,England
and
29West35thStreet,10thfl.
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Copyright©2003JessicaKingsleyPublishers
Secondimpression2003
Reprintedtwicein2004
LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
Trauma,attachment,andfamilypermanence:fearcanstopyouloving/editedby
CarolineArcher.
p.cm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex
ISBN1-84310-021-5
1.Psychictraumainchildren.2.Attachmentbehaviorinchildren.3.
Family--Psychologicalaspects.I.Archer,Caroline,1948-
RJ506.P66T7342003
618.92’8521--dc21
2002038949
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
ACIPcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
ISBN1848100215
PrintedandBoundinGreatBritainby
AthenaeumPress,Gateshead,TyneandWear
Contents
FOREWORD 7
DrDanielA.Hughes
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 9
Introduction: A Tapestry of Colours 11
CarolineArcher,FamilyFuturesConsortium,London
Part I State of Play: Current Theory and Practice
1. Adoption and Permanence Today: A Discussion 31
AdrianBriggs,FamilyFuturesConsortium,London
2. The ‘Coherent Narrative’: Realism, Resources
and Responsibility in Family Permanence 46
ElsiePrice,FamilyFuturesConsortium,London
3. Setting up the Loom: Attachment Theory Revisited 62
AlanBurnell,FamilyFuturesConsortium,London,withCarolineArcher
4. Weft and Warp: Developmental Impact of Trauma
and Implications for Healing 78
CarolineArcher
5. Clinical Concepts and Caregiving Contexts:
A Consultant’s Perspective 97
JeanneMagagna,PrincipalChildandAdolescentPsychotherapist,Great
OrmondStreetHospital
6. ‘A Hard Day’s Night’: A Parent’s Perspective 113
LucyGreenmile,FamilyFuturesadoptiveparent
Part II State of the Art: Theory into Practice
Jenny and Marty’s Story 125
JayVaughan,FamilyFuturesConsortium,London
7. Assessment: A Multidisciplinary Approach 129
AlanBurnell
8. Rationale for the Intensive Programme 148
JayVaughan
9. The Drama of Adoption 164
JayVaughan
10. The Drama Unfolds 188
JayVaughan
11. Contact as Therapy 200
AlanBurnell
12. Holding the Fort 219
ChristineGordon,FamilyFuturesConsortium,London
13. Hands on Help 233
ChristineGordon
14. Difficulty with Learning or Learning to be Difficult? 248
GriseldaKellie-Smith,FamilyFuturesConsortium,London
Part III State, Community and Family: The Future
15. Weaving Together the Threads: Families with Futures 267
CarolineArcher
APPENDIX:FAMILYFUTURESCASEPLANNINGMATRIX 285
GLOSSARY 286
REFERENCES 309
CONTRIBUTORS 325
SUBJECTINDEX 327
AUTHORINDEX 334
Foreword
Dr Daniel A. Hughes
Overthepast50years,attachmenttheoryhasevolvedintoaprimary,ifnot
the primary, model of child development throughout the world. Over the
past 20 years attachment theory has become an organising principle for
development throughout adulthood. Research based on, or heavily
influenced by, attachment theory has demonstrated its impact on
neuropsychological, emotional, cognitive, and social development
throughoutthelifespan.Thelegacyof JohnBowlbyandMaryAinsworth
hasbecomebothinternationalandmultidisciplinaryinscope.Itcontinuesto
generate insights and questions about our human condition that are very
clear as well as being profound.
It has only been more recently that practitioners in mental health and
social work, education and health, have begun to make serious efforts to
understand attachment theory and research and apply these findings to
many of the real life problems of our time. Nowhere is the need to make
theseapplicationsgreaterthanintheareasofchildmaltreatment,fostercare,
andadoption.Themajorityofyoungchildrenwhohavebeenmaltreatedby
their parents manifest attachment disorganisation, a classification con-
sideredtobeadefiniteriskfactorforthedevelopmentofpsychopathology.
A much smaller group is diagnosed with reactive attachment disorder, a
disorder thought to arise from severe physical and emotional neglect and
multiple caregivers. In both groups the developing child is left with
significantdeficitsinhisorherabilityand/orreadinesstotrustandrelyon
hisorhernewcaregivers.Asaresult,thischildisoftenneitherabletoresolve
thedevastatingeffectsoftrauma,norabletoutilisetheopportunitytohave
7
8 / TRAUMA,ATTACHMENTANDFAMILYPERMANENCE
the attachment security that would facilitate his or her continuing
development.
Caroline Archer and core members of the Family Futures Consortium
havewrittenamarvellousworkthatattemptstodemonstratehowtheyhave
taken insights from attachment theory and research and spread them
liberally over their very comprehensive and integrated programmes. This
workpresentsbothrelevantstatisticsofmaltreatmentandadoptionandalso
a detailed description of one unique adoptive family’s journey. It discusses
findingtherightfamilyaswellasfullysupportingthechildandhisorher
newfamily.Itpresentsdetailsofpsychotherapyuniquetothispopulationas
well as the need for comprehensive assessments. It presents the
psychobiology of both trauma and healing. Throughout these varied and
very relevant chapters regarding trauma, attachment, and family
permanence,themembersoftheFamilyFuturesConsortiumhavebeenable
toremaintruetotheirbasicassumptionwhichstates:‘Afamilyisthemost
importantresourcethechildhas.’Asecurelyattachedindividualisknownto
manifesta‘coherentautobiographicalnarrative’.Suchcoherenceisdifficult
to achieve for children exposed to multiple traumas and caregivers, with
little continuity from one relationship and experience to the next. The
programmesatFamilyFutures,sowellpresentedinthisbook,makevaliant
efforts to provide the comprehensive and integrated experiences and
insightsnecessaryforthechildtodevelopcoherenceinhisorherpersonal
lifestory.Iapplaudtheirwork,bothinitsday-to-dayexpression,andinthis
book.
DanielA.HughesPhD
ClinicalTrainingConsultanttoFamilyFutures
2002