Helicobacter pylori: Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Cure 2000

664 Pages·2000·13.62 MB·English

by  S. L. Hazell

Helicobacter pylori
Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Cure 2000
Helicobacfer pylori
Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Cure 2000
Edited by
Richard H. Hunt Guido N. J. Tytgat
Professor of Medicine Professor, Department of
Director, Division of Gastroenterology Gastroenterology and Hepatology
McMaster University Medical Centre Academic Medical Centre
1200 Main Street West 9 Meibergdreef
Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5 1105 AZ Amsterdam
Canada The Netherlands
The proceedings of a symposium organised by AXCAN PHARMA,
held• in Be rmuda, March 26-2•9, 20 00
AXCAN
SCANDIPHARM
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-94-010-5753-0 ISBN 978-94-011-3927-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-3927-4
Printed an acid-free paper
Ali Rights Reserved
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Origina1ly published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2000
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 2000
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, inc1uding photocopying,
recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission
from the copyright owners.
Contents
List of Principal Contributors ix
Preface xix
Section I: Helicobacter pylori - The Organism
1 What are the biochemical and physiological implications of
the new genetic information?
SL Hazell, MA Trend, GL Mendz 3
2 The urease system of Helicobacter pylori
DL Weeks, DR Scott, P Voland, EA Marcus, C Athmann,
K Melchers, G Sachs 15
3 The amphibiotic relationship of Helicobacter pylori and
humans
MJ Blaser 25
4 Helicobacter pylori is pathogenic flora
A Lee 31
5 Disease-specific Helicobacter pylori virulence factors: the
role of cagA, vacA, iceA, babA2 alone or in combination
Y Yamaoka, DY Graham 37
Section II: Helicobacter pylori - Epidemiology
6 Factors associated with disappearance of Helicobacter
pylori in the West
J Parsonnet 45
7 Factors associated with disappearance of Helicobacter
pylori in the Far East
JJY Sung 53
v
CONTENTS
8 Differences in prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and disease
outcomes according to race/environmental factors in
Southeast Asia
KL Goh 57
Section III: Novel Helicobacters
9 Infection with Helicobacter heilmannii (formerly
Gastrospirillum hominis): characterization, epidemiology and
therapy
P Malfertheiner, URM Bohr, T. Gunther 73
10 Hepatobiliary Helicobacters: recognized animal pathogens
with suspected pathogenic potential in humans
JG Fox 83
11 Novel Helicobacter species in the intestine
A Lee 105
Section IV: Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection
12 Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: faecal antigen
determination
D Vaira, C Ricci, M Menegatti, C Acciardi, L Gatta,
A Geminiani, M Miglioli 115
13 Pitfalls in Helicobacter pylori diagnosis
P Malfertheiner, A Leodolter, C Gerards 123
Section V: Inflammation and the Immune Response to
Helicobacter pylori Infection
14 Overview of immune and inflammatory changes due to
Helicobacter infection
A Hamlet, K Croitoru 141
15 Interaction of Helicobacter pylori with gastric epithelium
E Solcia, V Ricci, P Sommi, V Necchi, M Candusso,
R Fiocca 151
16 Helicobacter pylori and the epithelial barrier: role of oxidative
injury
S-Z Ding, SE Crowe 155
17 Immuno-inflammatory response to Helicobacter pylori in
children
SJ Czinn, JC Eisenberg, JG Nedrud, TG Blanchard 169
18 Severity and reversibility of mucosal inflammation in children
and adolescents infected with Helicobacter pylori
PM Sherman 175
vi
CONTENTS
19 Elimination of Helicobacter pylori is dependent on a Th2
response
A Lee 187
20 Elimination of Helicobacter pylori is not dependent on a Th2
cytokine response
K Croitoru 193
21 The inflammatory activity in Helicobacter pylori infection is
predominantly organism related
P Michetti 197
22 The inflammatory activity in Helicobacter pylori infection is
predominantly host-related
PB Ernst 203
Section VI: Helicobacter pylori and Gastritis
23 Helicobacter pylori gastritis - a global view
Y Uu, CIJ Ponsioen, GJ Waverling, S-O Xiao, GNJ Tytgat,
FJWTen Kate 213
24 Unusual forms of gastric inflammation and their relationship
to Helicobacter pylori infection
MFOixon 221
25 Can atrophic gastritis be diagnosed in the presence of
Helicobacter pylori infection?
RM Genta 229
26 Mechanisms involved in gastric atrophy
NA Wright 239
27 Intestinal metaplasia: types, mechanisms of origin, and role
in gastric cancer histogenesis
E Solcia, 0 Luinetti, L Villani, P Quilici, C Klersy, R Fiocca 249
28 Long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy accelerates the
onset of atrophic gastritis in Helicobacter pylori-positive
patients
EJ Kuipers, SGM Meuwissen 255
29 Proton pump inhibitors do not accelerate the development
of gastric atrophy in Helicobacter pylori gastritis
JW Freston 269
30 Autoimmune gastritis via mimicking does occur
M Stolte, S Rappel, H Maller 269
31 Autoimmune gastritis and antigenic mimicking
F Franceschi, RM Genta 289
32 Carditis and intestinal metaplasia of the cardia is reflux
related
MBFennerty 295
vii
CONTENTS
33 Carditis and cardia intestinal metaplasia are Helicobacter
pylori-related
WM Weinstein 299
34 Is gastric metaplasia in Helicobacter pylori really gastric?
NA Wright 307
Section VII: Helicobacter pylori and Clinical Consequences
35 Extragastric manifestations of Helicobacter pylori - are they
relevant?
CW Howden, GI Leontiadis 315
36 Peptic ulcer disease - the transitional zones are important
MF Dixon, A Lee, SJO Veldhuyzen van Zanten 327
37 What causes Helicobacter pylori-negative non-NSAID-
related ulcers?
CW Howden 339
38 From the pump to the helix
1M Modlin, J Farhadi, M Kidd 347
39 Mechanisms involved in the development of hypochlorhydria
and pangastritis in Helicobacter pylori infection
KEL McColl, E EI-Omar 373
40 Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric acid control
using proton pump inhibitors
PO Katz 385
41 Rebound acid hypersecretion after acid-suppressive therapy
D Gillen, KEL McColl 391
42 Gastric consequences of proton pump therapy and
Helicobacter pylori eradication
G Sachs, G Athmann, D Weeks, D Scott 397
Section VIII: Helicobacter pylori, Dyspepsia and NSAIDs
43 Current concepts of dyspepsia: the role of the nervous
system
P Bercik, SM Collins 411
44 How to explain outcome differences in dyspepsia studies
MB Fennerty, LA Laine 421
45 Helicobacter pylori eradication for dyspepsia is clinically
useful
D McNamara, C O'Morain 427
46 Dyspepsia is no indication for Helicobacter pylori eradication
SJO Veldhuyzen van Zan ten 435
viii
CONTENTS
47 Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in NSAID-associated
gastropathy
J-Q Huang, R Lad, RH Hunt 443
48 Role of Helicobacter pylori in NSAID gastropathy: can
Helicobacter pylori infection be beneficial?
DY Graham 453
49 Helicobacter pylori and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs
CJ Hawkey 461
Section IX: Helicobacter pylori and 'Test-and-Treat' Strategies
50 The impact of a 'test-and-treat' strategy for Helicobacter
pylori: the United States perspective
DA Peura 469
51 Test-and-treat strategy in dyspepsia - the European
perspective
P Malfertheiner 475
52 The impact of the 'test-and-treat' strategies for Helicobacter
pylori infection - an Asian perspective?
JJY Sung 483
Section X: Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Malignancy
53 Rodent models for Helicobacter-induced gastric cancer
JG Fox 489
54 Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer: the risk is real
o
Forman 507
55 Helicobacter pylori in gastric malignancy: role of oxidants,
antioxidants and other co-factors
Z-W Zhang, MJG Farthing 513
56 Gastric markers of pre-malignancy are not reversible
RM Genta, F Franceschi 525
57 The case for the reversibility of gastric dysplasia/neoplasia
RH Riddell 535
58 Evaluation of the long-term outcome of Helicobacter pylori
related gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
lymphoma
M Stolte, A Morgner, B Alpen, Th WOndisch, C Thiede,
A Neubauen, E Bayerd6rffer 535
Section XI: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection
59 Current state-of-the-art management for Helicobacter pylori
infection: global perspective
DA Peura 551
ix
CONTENTS
60 Guidelines for therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection - a
world perspective
S-K Lam 559
61 Bismuth triple and quadruple studies for Helicobacter pylori
eradication in Canada
CA Fal/one 567
62 Approach to Helicobacter pylori infection in children
E Hassal/ 575
63 What role for clarithromycin in the treatment of Helicobacter
pylori infection?
R Clancy, T Borody, C Clancy 587
64 What is the role of bismuth in Helicobacter pylori
antimicrobial resistance?
SJO Veldhuyzen van Zanten, N Chiba 593
65 Risk factors for failure of Helicobacter pylori eradication
therapy
N Broutet, S Tchamgoue, E Pereira, F Megraud 601
66 Strategies for therapy failures: choice of 'back-up' regimen
determined by primary treatment for Helicobacter pylori
infection
WA de Boer 609
67 Quadruple should be first -line therapy for Helicobacter pylori
infection
TJ Borody 623
68 Quadruple therapy should be secondline treatment for
Helicobacter pylori infection
A Axon 631
69 Helicobacter pylori infection: expectations for future therapy
CJ Hawkey 637
70 A Helicobacter pylori vaccine is essential
S Banerjee, P Michetti 643
Section XII: Helicobacter Infections and the Future
71 The agenda for the microbiologist
A Lee 655
72 The agenda for the immunologist
PB Ernst 663
73 The agenda for the histopathologist
RH Riddel/ 669
74 Helicobacter infections in the new millennium: the challenge
for the clinician
A Axon 673
Index 679
x
List of Principal Contributors
A.AXON
The Centre for Digestive Diseases
The General Infirmary at Leeds
Great George Street
Leeds LS 1 3EX
UK
M. J. BLASER
Department of Medicine
New York University School of Medicine
550 First Avenue
New York, NY 10016
USA
T. J. BORODY
Centre for Digestive Diseases
144 Great North Road
Five Dock, NSW 2046
Australia
R.CLANCY
Discipline of Immunology and Microbiology
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
David Maddison Clinical Sciences Building
Royal Newcastle Hospital
Newcastle, NSW 2300
Australia
xi