Hegel’s India a reinterpretation, with texts

158 Pages·2017·14.73 MB·English

by  Mohapatra

oupro stcotliomnHeiesag,le t lh'osu ognhI tnsds ieaet moa lloonwlo yn e HegelI'nsd ia
reacatnoi uotnr:ri egjhetoc fHt eigoenrl a'cEsiu srto cenHetgrIeinlsdt'misa.a k es
thceh alloefan d geet arielaeddoif Hn egg etle'xwsti sta sh u rprriessiunlgt : Texts
AR einterwpirteht ation,
behiHnedg edli'ssm oifsI snadtlih ae,lr iene osot n lhyip sr ofofuansdc ination
witIhn dbiuaatl asnou ncapnrnoyx ibmeittwyIe nednai nac'iswe instda onmd
Hegeslp'esc utlhaotuiBgvehent e.Ha etgheI ln'dwsie ac ,ad ni sctehtrern a ces
ofw hawto uhladv bee eInn dHieag'e[sTl h.bi oso pkr]o vaim doedsoe flh ow
ad ialogue between dbiepff rearcetnbitec yecotdunh,lcde to unrfeisn ess hould
ofE uroceannthdri isstmor reilcaitsitv ism."
InternDaitrieocntaolr , AakaSsihnR gaht hore
--SlaZviozje k
thBei rkbeckfo rtI hnHesu tmiatnuittei eso,fL oUnndiUovKne ,r sity
RimiMnaah apatra
"Frtohmve e breyg intnhdieen pgot fHh e geeln'gsa gewmietInhnt da inwadi th
Indpihainl ohsaobspe hecyno nsisutnednetrleys Tthimivasot leumdma.ek es
ac ompeclalsfieona rgr easseasnsidmdt eo nestsoa tat imweh eWne stern
philosfoapcrheeysn ecwheadl lfeoinrtgE seu sr ocenHtergIiensldm'bi.sea l ongs
froanntcd e nwtietrth hidanet b faottrehn ee pwe rspieotcff teirvse. "
EdwEirnSl pea Prrkosf eosfPs hoirl osoph
y,
-RobeBretr nasconi
thPee nnsySltvaUatnneii vae UrSsAi ty,
OXFORD
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OXFORD
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Tot iamnebd e ing,
Iftu rtthhUeenr isv eorbsjietocyfet' xiscv eel ilnre ensceseac rhcohl,a rship,
thtee meorfli itagynht dths et rangseonuels s
anedd ucabtypi uobnl iwsohrilndOgwx ifdioeasr.r d e gistereodf trademark
OxfoUrndi vePrrseiistntsh Uy eK a nidcn e rottahicenor u ntries.
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FiErdsitt piuobnl ii2ns0 h1e7d
Alrli grhetsse Nrovp eador.ftt h piusb limcaabyte ri eopnr osdtuocirened d,
ar etrsiyesvtoaertlm r ,a nsimnai ntfoytr emod rb, ya nmye anwsi,t htohuet
pripoerr miisnws riiotonif n gO xUfonridv ePrrseoisrats sey, x prpeesrsmliyt ted
labwyl, i ceonruc nedt,ee rra mgsr weiettdhh a ep prorperpiraotger aphics
rights oErngqaunciiorzniacetesirr oennpi.rn ogdo uucttstiihsodecne o o pfte h e
abosvheo buesl edtn otth Rei gDhetpsa rtOmxefnUotnr,id v ePrrseaistttsh y,e
addraebsosv e.
Yomuu sntoc ti rctuhlwiaostri ekna n oyt hfeorr m
anydo muu sitm potshseia smc eo ndointa inaoycn q uirer.
ISBN9-7183-:0 -19-946827-0
ISBN0--1109:- 946827-3
TypeisDnea tnM tTeS t1d0 /.1 53
byT ranDiasttTaie ccsh noNleowDg eilehs0i,4 4
llO
PrinitInen ddb iyRa e plPirkePasv sLt t.d
Contents
Acknowelnetds ix
gm
REINTERPRETATION
1
l. IndiinHa e geSly'sstT ehmLe:a ddteotr hC ei rcle
HegeIln'dso lSooguircacanetldsh S et andard
2.
Interpretation
14
3. HegeIln'dWsir ai tiTnhGgeis at:na Wd o rHlids tory22
HegeIln'dWsir ai tAinrgRtse,:l iagniPdoh ni,l osop3h3y
4.
5. FragmOernitesSn:pt iaLrloi gtai,nc Rd,i ght
74
Conclusion
6. 78
References
82
TEXTS 85
1. Ont hEep isooftd heMe a habhKanroawbtnyat he
NamBeh agavbaydW -ilGhievtloamHn u mboldt
87
PhiloosfWo oprhHlyid s tory
2. 140
3. Lectounrt ehPseh iloosfFo ipnhey Art
167
viiCio ntents
4. Lectounrt ehPseh iloosfRo eplhiyg ion 188
5. ThPeh iloosfMo ipnh(dyE ynccloPpaeIrdItiI a),
234
6. Lectounrt ehHsei stoofPr hyi losophy
244 Acknowleednts
gm
7. FragmOernitesSn:pt iaLrloi gtai,nc Rd,i ght 264
Bibliography 272
Index 301
AbotuhAteu thors 311
Thaeu thgorrast eafcuklnloywt lheiedn gfleu aennidcme p eotftu hse ir
existeanntldii afleiwttoyhr ewliodrms e,an n mde nt,h esitrr eetshoes
antdy pebtohaerridarsi ,n satnosdru mnsb uarntndhs te,e xatntsdr ans­
latuipoonwnsh itchhbi osor ke sts.
Ont hEep isooftd heMe a habhKanroawtnta h Nea mBeh agaGviatda
by WilhVeolHnmu mboeldad.nt td,r aHnesr.b ert (HNeeDrwer lihnig:
IndCioaunn ocfPi hli losRoepsheia1cr9a5c9l)ph ,p,1 . - 1R5e1p.r oduced
witphe rmisfrsoimIo nnd iCaonu nocfiP lh ilosoRpehsiecaarlc h,
NewD elhi.
ThPeh iloosfHo ipshtyto rraJynS,.si . b [r1e e YorCko:l onial
Pre1s9s0,0 ), W"oOrrlipdep1,n.3"t- 69 a7l.
ThPeh iloosfFo ipnAhery tt r,a Fn.P.s .B .O smasvtoo2ln,.,4 vols
(LonGd.oB nea:ln lSd o n1s9,2S 0e)c,oP nadrC th:a p1t( e"rU nconscious
SymbolPiasrBmt:"" )F,a ntSaysmtbioclp ips4.m-76 ,5"P; a Crt:" Real
Symbolpips6.m5 ,-C"6h ;a p2t( e'r' STyhmeb oolfit shSmeu blime"),
PaAr:tS ecti"oHni nPdooeot prp8y.9, -"9 2.
1:
Lectounrt ehPseh iloosfRo eplhiytg riaoEnn.s,B . .S peainrJds. B .
Sandevros2lo,3.nv ,o (lLso ndRoonu:t laendKdge eg Paanu l,
PaIrIt": D efRienliitgeSi eocntI,iI""o:T n hD ei viosfCi oonns ciousness
witIhtilsn"fe2 :." T hRee liogfIi moang inoarPt hiaonntp ap1s.-y, -"4 7;
SectIiI"oINn:a tRuerlailig Tnira onns ittoti hRoeen l iogfl:'i no!ne dlon1.
pp6.5 -37".7R ,e liogfMi yosnt eprp8y.5, -"1 00.
Lectountr hHeeis s toofPr hyi lotsroapEnh.Ssy H..,a ldvaon1le3,.,
vo(lLso ndRoonu:t laendKdge eg Paanu 1l8,9 "2O)r,i ePnhtiallo sophy:
IntroduPcatBri,t"o Inn,dP"ih ainl o"sp op1p.1h 7-112957;-. 4
y,
�
Hegel's oPfhM iinlTdor:sa onpshflyra ottmhe Eedn cycloopfte hdei a
PhilosSocpihetinrccaaeWnlsils ,l. i Waaml l(aOcxefo rd: CPlraersesn,d on
REINTERPRETATION
189§45 )7,p3 p,1. 8- 296.
HegSecli'oesfLn ocgietc r,a Wn Hs..J ohnasntLdo.G n .S trutvhoelr.s ,l ,
2v o(lLso ndGoeno:rA glel& e Unn wi1n9,2 S9e)c,t 3i,"o Mne asure,"
pp3.4 6-7.
ThPeh iloosfRo ipghthyrt a,Sn .Ws .D yd(eL ondGo.Bn e:&l lS ons,
189§62 )6,22 7,30 5,34 5,p5 p,2. 5 2, 258-9, 346-7.
"GediesOrtr ieenn"t[ a"lOriSepni"tr(]ai1 lt7 9D9o)k,u mzeuHn etgee ls
Entwic[kDloucnugm Ceonntcse rHneignegDl e'vse lopemde.n t],
JH.offmei(sStteurt FtrgF.ar rotm:aV nenrsl1 a9g3,p6 p)2.,5 71- 6/
"GediesOrtr ientianFl reiiSnhc,eh" r Wiefrt1ke( enF ,r anakmfM uaritn :
Suhrk1a9m8p6,)4 ,2p8p-.32.
1
IndiinHa eg elS'yss tem
ThLea ddteotr hC ei rcle
UpotnhI is sat ihodi m"e,Ia rnbeeysgto wluoy u dleds ctrihibasetl vaenrdy
partitcuous bl;ena orttlos yoh obrustte,o t ui ton r daeltrlh irneglsat ttoih negi r
sotihlre,ii vrte hrtesoi,wr tn hspe,ei ortp hlmeeai,nr n ceornss,t liatwuastn,iid no, n ,
aw oradlt,lh y aotiu m agwiedn eest ikorn eoa wn;yd o mua wye ilmla gtihnwaeet
destikorn eoe wv erytchoinncget rhneoimfwn hgiw ceah r hei thiegrntoor ant."
-ThomMaosr e,orT,hH ea pRpeyp ublic:
AP hilosRoopmhaipnc7.c5a e l,
RenMea griHtetgeHe'olsl' is(d 1a9y5o 8io)lnc , a nviaasc s u,r iwooursk .
Ipti ctaunur mebsr eagl llaaas,ts of pi,lw lietwdha tael ri,to tvlehera lf.
Tot hgea ztehrse,i gwhotu elxdp rabe eswsi tdcohuibnnlegeg ative­
howt on obtei ndiffAessr uectnhhtu,e.n rpualiyn otbejdre ecntd tweor s
oppositet ofr uenpacenwtlyai toaennrstd :oc ontiaattti hn se a mtei me.
Thfier bsytt huem bretlhsleea c,ob nytd hg el ass-tdoegfleetchteirn g
anhdo ldais nugb,l caotnetdr atdhitachttge ia oznwe irfl ilhn adr tdo
bei ndiffteorweanTrthd ibsso. o skh otwhsGa eto Wrigl hFerlime drich
Hegteolwo a asn ytbhuiitnn gd ifferent.
A relentless eInngdaiigisaen mteetngoHtr e agwleit lth'hos u ght
inw ayassy eutn expilnHo ergeed(l o irIa nnd olosgcihcoallaI)rn s hip.
4 India IndiHinea g el's
ane ffotrotc atasluyczehex plorwaetp iroenshsee,nr tce o,l lected ofI ndtihaonu 1g Bhudtti. Hd e greela elvlemyra natgoee x ortchiisse
togeitnho envreo lufomret h fier tsitm aelo,lf H egewlr'ist oinn gs twihna unhtiiwsno gr kA?ftewro rktihnrgo Hueggheh lu'gcseo rpus
anadb oIuntd ainaa ,s toni8s0h,i0wn0og0r dIsti! sr emarkhaobwl e ofI ndwirai ttihnreg2e sa,md aeyrf irneda stood no uibtBt.u itwt a s
mucehff oHretg eexlp enodnwe hda htefr equently cahsa racteriszuerndeo lfrtyo mal aocfkv ehemternyti ng.
"fanta"sstuibcj,e""c wtiil"vdde,r,"e" a "mfry,e"n z"iaebds,u"ar ndd, " Hegemla'jswo orr iknsc lhuiPdshe e nomenSoplio(rgy1i 8t0t 7h)e,
"repetHietgaielvlpse ro.e "s easn ctaetdsh oicncigra ilto iftq huceea ste larSgceiroe Lfnc oegi c(l8118l23)a- ,l1 o6wn/ig tht ehb riLeofg(eiwrch ich
ordaet rh,e rmeei teirmnaa tnoeyfhd i wso rTkhsce.e ntprroavlo cative consttihtfeui tpreassort ft h itsh ree-Evnoyclculmoep(e 1d8i1ta7h))e ,
isstuheui ssi :If n dairatn, raenlpdih giiloons,os pogh ryo siasnrlaeyd ­ PhiloosfRo ipg(h1h y8t )2 t,1h Peh iloosfHo ipsht(yo8 r2l)y0 t, sh Aee sthetics
equtaotH ee gesly'ssto efpm h ilowshoapethx yp,lh aidisen csa des-long orL ectountr hePesh iloosfFo ipAnhrey(t 1 82t0hPseh) i,l oosfRo eplhiyg ion
fascinwaittiiihtont n h uinsp arawlalye?l ed (18-2311a)n,td h Lee ctountr heHesi stoofPr hyi lo(s1o8p2hI0ynes a)c.h
Thset anadnasrw(dew rha enny obnoet hteoar dsd rtehqseus e stion) oft heemx,c tehpPeth enomeannotdlh oEegyn cyclLoopgeHidecig,ae l
itsh Haetg meelr esloyu tgohs th otwh haetw awsi saenrmd o rlee arned expldiicsictrulesyls eeavssa pneotcfI t nsdt ihaonu (gIhntda iroatrrn, e li­
thahnim sa nryi veaslpse,ct ihGaeel rlmyRa onm anTthiacmtsa .yb e gioonrp, h ilofosroe pxhaym,pr laen)gfr,io nmag f ehwu ndwroerdd s
trausef aarsi g to ebsu,iti t ns o stu fficiteoen xtp ltahcieon n sistency (aisnt hPeh iloosfRo ipghthyoot )v e2r0 ,w0o0r0(d asis nt hPeh ilosophy
ofH egeiln'tseo rrefo,sre t x,a mptlhaeep, p eaorfaH necgeer le'fsl ec­ ofH istoIrnyd)e.e d, thePevh eenn oimnet nhoelaorrgyene, u merous
tioonnIs n dtihaonu egvheitnn t hfei nsaelc toifho inEssn clyocpedia implriecfietrt eotn hc"eeo sr iewnotraglled"n ertahlolunygo,hnt e c­
ofP hilosSocpihei(nc1ca8el1Hs 7e )g.ce olu hladvf eo rwahridasen dt i­ essaIrnidltiyha onu ignhs te,c tsiuocanhss" LordasnhBdio pn dage,"
Romantaigceintsdhtar onuugmhe rootuhsme era nthsa Inn dAinad. "ThUen hapCpoyn sciou"sSneelsfs-,eS"sp tirraainnt"dg,N e"ad t ural
eveinfI ndiaarnt , raenlpdih giiloonsw,oe prthehy be e sdto mains ReligWieog nl.a"bn rcieae tfH leyg emla'jsto erx ttask,bi rnigne oft e
forH egteool u tsahniodnu et whiirtsi viastlt shi,al rlad clcyo fourn ts ofh ipsr ojweicttthh ienwm i,tt hha ei omfu ndersthaonwHd eignegl 's
thoeb sesvsiisoiinbnh l ievs o lumiannodiu,ms p orteavnotllvyi,n g rendoiftI inodtnih aonu fgehattw uirtehhsiiw sni dperro joersc yts tem.
approtaoct hhIeens d ianI tism spu icrmhio tra.ed equeaxptlealnya ­
tortyoa ssurmaet thheIarnt d tihaonu ignhttr iHgeugoeendli tosw n
Hegceell ebcrhaatnnegeseg ,a mteidioant,ai nohdne ,nt ciemI enhi. s
meriatnnsdo, jt u fsotpr r owxayrI .n deaenad t,t ernetaidvoiefhn igs
In1 trotdout chPtehi iolnoos fHo ipshthyo edr eyf,H iinsetsao str h"yed evelop­
Indwirai ttienntgdosss u ggtehsIatnt d tihaonu rgehahtla luynH teegde l
menotfS piirnTii tmHe .e"g TehlPe,h iloosfo pHhitys rtaoSnriysb,.pr .7e 2e.,
somehIontw h.ri esi nterwpera ertgtauhteiai rttoe np,r eass eonortfte d
Stansaits uprraelslieytn satesasl n af n tagtornoiIpsncet l.ia cs Isnidciaaln
naggtiwnitgnh ha ebt adnleye dteosd h aokffte h routghhdeoe uvte lop­ philostohpohuiigwtcho altua ,lp dp tehatarhtc e o ncoefsp ttap sriesd ominates
menotfh iosw np hily.o soph inc erotnationl soygsittcehaemelts e:r inmamlo,vu anbclhea,pn egrimnag­,
Thitsw icnl eaprolsys ehsismie nsd o mree spHeecgthe.il m self nenatnt,dh tei meiltsee srsma estd ha eb soalnuadtlc elh, a ntgrea,n sience,
indictahsteie msi loafIr nidtipyah ni lostoohp ihosyw nt hought, modificaatrsieao tinbodse s ubsuwmietidhiHt ne. r theei, d oefsat hitaprajna,
sucahst hceo nceopftt ihaoebn s o(lBurtaeh mHaedn i)hd.o, w ever, thceo gnsittoaitfbve ee i sntgh( isttaoa rst tiecap dryo)va,ip daersaI ltnlh eel .
achitewvpoeo ionftc sl airnid tiys tinghuioisws nth hionugfrg ohmt Bhagavatdhi-tsGr iatncaqh,u ainlgd,ei lsepsowsso iuitlnfaid co atnp ptloty h e
idheuamlba eni snogm,e wohnhoea v sa nqufiesdaheres,adi n radet ,t achment,
Indpihainl osTohpfehi ywr:ast sto f ocounhs i psi vomtoatoliff fr ee­
icso ntaentndht fru esoe rl ibeTrhariteses do.wn iattthheo esl q du estion:
domt,h ursa ipleirnpge taugaalitnlhcsyeat s styes tienIm n dsioacni ­
Whati tsh "ee "no dfp hiloIstfoh paehn ys?iwF ser re etdhoewmnh, ai tist s
etayn,ad t temtpotr ienatgdr aocrre ess onoafnc caessti enittsohm e
imprecgonnanbelwceit tthii oomnrce h ange?
entbirreea adntddhe potfhI ndhiiasnt poorlyia,tr irtce,sl ,i agnido n,
Thneo toifo" nt w"ai sun seidnt hbiosow ka osr igiinnsaplilrye d
philoTshosepe hcownatdsoi nditchnaeet cee fsosdrii tayl epcrtoi­cal,
y. Wi2 llDieasmm ond'si dpoerf"ao c vooucnatteirvSfeee foeire,t x admopulbel,e ."
gresmseidviea atnitdoh nufr,se quetnoct olnyt trhaaesp tp asrteansti s hiwso rHke,gG eold'.s
India IndinHi eag el's7
6
AlthotuhPgehh e nomdeoneonslooo tvgy e rdtilsycIu nsdwsii at thhien onreo octa ubsueat, pluorfpa olsistiyb luyn relsaotuerdc es.
manimfoodletdsh rowuhgihSc phi hraimsta nifietsstieeitlnds fe ,v er­ FoHre gwehla,it es s seintsth iaaaltoll ft heasrmeea niefoxlpdr essions
theliemspso rftouarsnt tod evoaft eeww o rtdois t F.o arn,y ownheo oft hceh araocfatc eorm munoifpt eyo polfte h,eS ipri.T r hiaittst ,h e
aimtsop ropuenrdleyr Hsetgamenuldsh ta vseo mfea milwiiattrhhie t y linkbaegtewste heens e d(ei vffeoensr teenntos pipbolsayes dp)eo cft s
Phenomesnionalcsioe wsgy,e , l l known, Htehgteee alxsa t n c omposed humalnit faeka esanw hoalrefe o,Hr e gtehlke,e tyou ndersttahned ing
introdtuowc htawitoo unul ldt imcaotneslthyiid tseu fitnepi rteisveen ta­ whowlhei,tc hhPe h enomecnloatliofaom tgysh om.
tioonfa c ompossyisttoeef sm c ieInncdeeH.ee dg,re elf etrotr heed Recognitzhihinesgl u psds i gseosmtoe ft hsee emifnagrl-yf etched
woraksa " ladtdoe rsh"yi ssto efpm h iloassoaw p hhoyl e: associtahtHaietog mneaslk ienls a tweorr skusc,ah si nh i1s8 2e7s say
("OtnhE ep isooftd heMe a habhKanroawbtnyat hNea mBeh agavad­
Convetrhisene dliyhv aitsdhr ueia tgldoh et m atnhsdac ti sehnhacolell d GitbayW ilhVeolnHm u mbolCdhta,p"1to eftr h Teex tsse ctoifo n
thlea dtdhoee rhl iptm go e atlt e aafassr at ts h pioss isthisaohlnohl,wi m thviosl umweh)eh,ne r ematrhkaastl fa lc tuoarhl i stowroirckasl
3
thhaeht a ishn i mstehglirfso tusont da onnd.
pennbeyId n diBarna hmairnnese cesssuasrpiselicyntt c,he ci osm ­
muniotnty o,op fc onsihgantlihfnIe gn dpioapnu ltaota nia obnj ect
Wen eendog te etn tanigtnlh peerd o blseumrsr outnhidemi angge ry
condiotfsi uobnh uemxains tieasnl ckseno,o wtnor eadpirloys titute
ora naloofHg eyg ella'dsdw ehrid,ce hr pirviem afrormit lhfayec tth at
thepirri esAtnho ovoedr.hg aesnteyr altiobz esa utrbieuoo,tnn ,te h at
thPeh enomecnaomtleolo ogyis teps r ominienHn ecgees ly'ssta eshm e
wem ayc omprebhyre encda tlhlseiy nngt mheetthiaocdd o pitnte hde
(re)cohnicpser iovjoeefadcd te finiEntciyvcel ooftp hPeehd iilao sophical
PhenomeHneogletolobgy, ee. x pliimsco itti,vb ayat t ehdo utgahntt a­
ScieWnecw eirsle.lt tuotr hnEe n cyclospheodrWithaalit yns .e cestsoa ry
moutnots ometlhiitknhegai nsgy:r ooufsp o ciseovt eyh emently
notbee foraebhoatunhtdPe h enomeitnsho ialdttoo gyei sn dceoedn tain
infrge edtoosm u calh a rpgoer toifio tonsw np eopelveeg,no isnofg a r
thhea llcmhaarrka ctoefHr eigseotlvi'ecssrs ya sltlae nmidt,s h uvsa lu­
ast oc odtihfybi osn dtahgreo rueglhi sgciroiupwsth uibrceeh,i, n g
abfolreg ettasi enngos fae,ni ntrodtuosc,ot mioeoft n hc er uicdieaals
ratthheaernn slapveionpsglh eo ubleed l evtahteihmna,ggs o ttob e
oft hsayts tem.
fundamenctoarlriluncyp h ta raacnttdeh rut,shw eo rtdhsep yem nu st
Hegealp'psr oiantc hPheh enomeennotlraoeigyll saa tnicdno go rdi­
staanssd u spect.
natvianrgi aosupseo cfst usb je(cotpria vret iacnuodlb ajre)c( toirv e
Ino thweorr dwsh,aw te g lefraonm H egeplr'osc eidntu hree
abstforramcostfh ) u maenx istHeengcepelr.'o sji tenhc bito soi kn volves
Phenomeitnsho talhtoe gy noafatr uerlei giboenga irnb itwriatrhi ly
showtihniegn henreecnetsr,se alrayt iboentswsheaiewy,pnh ,aa tn do/r
reliignifoorntm)hns ea toufri etp se opalnpedo ltihtneya ;t oufrt eh e
howa n indairvtiiinadcs uotam lm unwiotupyla di annttd,h e noaft ure
poliintfyot rhnmeas t oufri etp sh ilotshonepa htyou;fri etp sh ilosophy
three giimnweh ihcewh a gse bi"lfdoertom,ere d d"u caWtere adit.sh ei s
infortmhnsea toufri eta sra tn,sd oo nt hroeuvgehar syp oefhc utm an
becaiuitsbs ey a pprehtehntidhsioa nntgme a fyo ltlhomewa nner
liufnetw,ie cl o mbea crko uangda tiotn h nea toufrar e e liwghieorne,
whiHcehg meilg phrta oircs oen detmhpneh iloosrro eplhiyog fi on
wec hantcobe edg Wienc .o uhladvb ee guinn,s tweiattdhhh, ei stoofr y
somceil viizaotnai cocnoo uftn hte olfpe rvaeclpt oilciafrtlei ecdatolom
ap eopolrte h,ep iorl ainty,td h ecno mbea crko utnoid t T.h iishs o w
bef outnhde r(eahisedn o ewsi tIhn dWiean )o.r mhaollltdyhd ei verse
thPeh enomesneoralvsoael gy sa dtdoec rl iumpbi nHteog esly'sst em,
theoroerpt riaccatli cal oerax cptliooofarnp aset oiptolohne as vn eo t
ona ccoouftn htse y nopstyincc,ro erst yinct,hd eitailacep cptrioca ch
thhaetd epltohyesrT ehiwenh .o tlhefa itn gaelrtlesyp restehnnPthevd
HegTehlPe,h enomeonfMo ilnotdgyr, a Bnasi.vl ol1lip,.e. 2 , 3 H.e nce, foramc si racswl iebl,eel v inced shortly.
"Thlea dtdhelaret afr dosm' SeCnesret .a.ain.ntyO d p in(iCohna'Ipt )to e r
Wem ayu ndertshtdeai nadl meocrtdeie ca trhlryo Hueggheo lw'ns
'AbsoKlnuotwel ietndh lgeaec s'ht a pittshe Perh e nomeHneogl"oePgylr.,"e face
proseaxiacmo pftl hele io ffaep laHneat r.g tuhedasut r tihndege velop­
toP henomenionHl eogRgeeyli:,n "t erpTreexattnasCdt,o i momne,n etda.ry ,
menotfa p latnhbteu, bd l,o sasnofdmr ,ue iatci,hsn ,o msee nnseeg,a tes
Kaufmpa4.nl nne,5m ;p haadsdiesd .
8 India IndiiHnae gel's9
thper iAoshr e.s aiynst hPeh enome"nTohlefoosrgyem,d s o n ootn ly affir.m t.h ee.s seonfSc pei irsFi rte edoMma.t theairst ess sence
difftehrea,yl dsios pelaacochte h beerc atuhseaeyr i en compa4 tible." orc enotuetrs iitds(eet lhifast t,h c ee notfeg rr iatvyw)h,iS lpei irsi t
Howevtehrea,yr e ea cshu ccesstsaiigvntee sh d ee veloopfmt ehnet "self-ceoxinsttaaeinnntcdehe dhi" esa ,r gu"ieFssr ,e edeoxtmal,c9y ."
self-pslaatmnhetea ,yr " ee lemoefan not rsg aunniictw y,h"ee raeci hs Hegaerlg tuhefraset e dionmi ,tf so ramsaplee cnttt,ah i"alitswn h at
asn ecesassta horety h 5e r. confrotnhsteus b jtehceitrsn e o thinagl iaennid it ns o atl imitation
Whewne s peoafok n foer mn egatthipenr giw oesr h,o nuoltdte h at ora b arrointe hrce;o nttrhaseru y,b jfiencdhtsi msienil tf10. T "he
foHre gneelg aitnsio ojtnu asntn ihilraattiihoitenas rm; ,e aonfsp ick­ contoeffrn ete dobmyc, o ntirs"a stthr,ea tiiongn eanle 1r1a l."
upa npdr ese-rtvhirnongueggha tisoonmp,ea ircsta ncwehlielde ani llipteerrsabotytne h, ui nsd erstwaonudbliedun ng.,ifr neseoa fsa r
anotphaeirprstr eseirtnvh neee d(x hti gshteaorgfu)e n i6T thyuh.ses ays: thweo rhlecd o nfrownotuebldeda lireenp,la esit twe i ithsho pelessly
indecipshcerriapbtl.e
Negaitijsou nas smt u cAhffi rmaatsNi eogna .t.wi.ho anits s e -clofn­
Thseu bjaelchstaot s oc onfrao nsti miloafur n .sfreewneisdteoh mi n
tradriecstooilrtvys.e e.isl.n tf th one e gaotfii tpoasnr ticcounlt.ae.rn. t
hiosw snu bjelciWtfiietv.het i hsneu bjescpthiievtreset e hleafrp,ep ears
suacn he gaitnsio aotnan l l-emNbergaacbtiuiintotsg nhn e,e gaotfai on
ano pposbiettiwotenheu enn ivlearowsfsar lig ghotoa,dn ,sd oo na,n d
defisnoimteew whhaiatcb ho liitssahenetldshf iu,assd efinneigtae.t .i.o n
thien divsiudbujaelc tivOeu irim mppuusllesseceekoss n .ss taatnits fac­
thtuhsre e scuolntti aenis nssthe anfrtco emw hiicrthe sults.7
tioann,od ft ecno mien ctoon flwiictothu r ra tiaocnkanlo welnetd
gm
oft hmeo roarlr igchotu rosfae c tiFoutnrh.ee rv,et nhs ea tisfaction
Hegedli'asl ieoscft teicnch aracatsaen reizgeaddt iiavlee ctic,
oft heismep uilossn eljsyu t setm ponroam rayt;th eorwm ucwhe e at
althoiudtgo hen so etn idn n ulliintsyta;es aa ldr,e daedsyc riitb ed,
atag ivpeonio nftt i mweew, i ilnle vibteha ubnlgayrg yaT ihnSe.p irit
resiuknl ntosw ledge.
seeakbss oslautties afnatdch tuiinssoo nct o ntweinttthh e ep hemeral
Havihnigg hltihgnehet ceedsi snatreyr roeftl haaetb isotanrn adc t
satisoffia mcptuilosne s.
thceo nctrhertoetu hgiehn stroufamm eendti astuibnlgaa tnido nh,a v­
Thicso nsnteaenfdtos ra tisifwsah catktie oetnph sSe p iprriets sing
ing caatltleetndott ihioinnst errweilttahhtp eiu ornpo ofps ree paring
ons,e ekfrienegdi onkm n owlaendadgc et Tihopner. o coefhs iss tiosr y
three afdoecrre rtuanienxp etcrtoeipdnHe esg edli'ssc owuhrewsnee
aiming towkanrodwslo efmhd aignme's asesS l pfi wrhiotes,se s einsc e
reatchhae n aloyfhs iIisns d wirai twienm gasyo, n caeg aino ftt hree at
freedoormi ;no thweorr tdhspe,r ocoefhs iss titoshr peyr ocoefts hse
natoufrH ee gel'sb usttyh stitisem me,fr olme( sats)h f eo rsmtaaln d­
Spirreivte iatlsi(entilgotf s) ae sfrl efedom.
poionfit ti sn helroegi(noc trt ,h dei alaencidtt risoc il nae c hietvhien g
Botthh eospep osi(ttihioastnt,hs aw ti thtihsneu bjaenctdth ,a t
absolaun(tdbem ))o ,rfr eo mt hoaftt h geo iacnlo ncwrheitfceohH,r e gel
betwtehesenu bjaentcdht we o ralrdHe)e, g cella irmess,ow livtehdi n
i.frse ed.o m
ag ooSdt atew-hoiniceash r ticrualtaitoeHndoa wsl olF?yi .r st of
Whewne s peoaffrk e edowmem, u sstp emaokr dei reacbtoluyt
Hegsealyt sh aitnh istoonrceya ,on n ldyi scpuesospw lheof ormed
SpiHreigtae.rl g iunte hsPe h iloosfHo ipshttyoh trahytne a toufrS ep irit
statess.p eSatkrtiihSncetgt a,iltt syeh l eo coufhs i stwohreyr ein free­
mayb eu nderbsyta og olda antci etd si roepcpto sniatmeem,la yt,t er.
domg aionbsj eecxtiisvteTe hngeco eoS.dt a"titesh faotr omfr eality
''.Atsh ees seonfMc aet tieGsrr avsiooty,,n t hoet hhearn wde,m ay
inw hitchhie n divhiaadsnu edan lj hoiyfssr eedoFmoH.re" getlh,e
12
4 Hegel, toP" hPreenfoamceein Hnoe lgoRegeliy:n, t"e rTperxeatstn,ad t ion,
CommenetdKa.ar yu,fm apn8.n. , 8 HegTehlPe,h i loosfHo ipshttyor raSyn,is bp.r. e e,
5 Heg"ePlr,et faPoch ee nomepn8:o. l ogy," 9 HegTehlPe,h i loosfHo ipshttyor raSyn,is b.pr1 .e7 ee;m, p hiaonsr iisg inal.
6 Aujhoe"rbs enu blmaatbyied o enf"ai tsnh ewadht i icashot n pciec ukpe,d 10H egAeels,t hLeetcitocunFsr i:eAn sre tt r, aKnnosxv.,o 1lp,.9. 7 .
cancelperde,s earnvde d. 11H egAeels,t hLeetcitocunFsr i:eAn sre tt r, aKnnsov.xo ,1lp ,.9. 7 .
7 HegSecli,oe fLn ocget ircaJ,n osh.na sntSdot nr uvtoh1lep,.r6. s5 ,. 12H egTehlPe,h i loosfHo ipshttyor raSyn,is b.pr3 .e8 e.,
10 India
IndiianH egeSly'sst em
develooprpm reongtor fte hsSest aotcec autsrh sne o n-raltaiaworsne a l
Greeaknstd,h ertehfeowyre erfr ee eb;ut th eay,nt dh Reo malnisk ewise,
eitahbeorl iosrbh eecdo rmaet ionalilzietkdhe-ne mo unc-hr ational kneown ltyhs aotma erfr ee e-nmoatna ss ucEhv.eP nl aatnoAd r istotle
philosiontp hhheii essto ofpr hyi loIsnoag p ohoSdt aatltelh,l e a ws dindo ktn otwh TihsGe.r eetkhse,r ehfoasrdle a,av netdsh ;ew ihrol liefe
y.
anodr ganiazraaert eiaolnisoz ffra eteidoonm . antdh mea inteonfta hnecsiepr l elnidbiewdra itsmy p,l iwciattthhe ed
Ina g ooSdt attheoe,p posihtaivboeen eosnv erctohmseeu :b ject instiotfsu ltaivoaenfa rc myto: r eowvheirmc,ah d teh laitb eorntt hye
harse alhiizmestdeh lrfo oubgjhe cthiifymisFneuglr ft.ih nre era,l izing onhea nodn layna ccidternatnaaslni,lde i nmtig treodwo tnth h;oe t her
himstehlsefu ,b jreeccto ghnioiswz nens a tausSr ep iwrhiitic,esh s sen­ hancdo,n stiiattr uitgeotdrh oruaslo dfoo ucmro mmnoant urteh--oef
HumaTnh.Ge e rmnaant iuonndste,hri e n fluoefCn hcrei stwiearnei ty,
tiarlaltyi aonntdah lri,as t ioinisad leinttwyii fittehhd oa ftt hlea wosf
thfei troas ttt tahiceno nsciotuhmsaantne a,ssm s a,ni ,frs e teh:ia ittts h e
thSet aTtheu.is nt, h lei offte h Set atthee,rr eem aniontsh ing alien
freeodfSo pmiw rhiitcc ohn stiitetssu stee1n4s c e.
confrontthsieun bgjn eocirtts h, e arc eo nflwiicttth hisenu bjaeshc et ,
haisd enthiifimesadesS l pfi wrhiitic,esh s senrtaitailolnya l.
Inw haatp peaasarj su denfrta ugwhitth hu brtiobs ee, x pected
Thgeo oaflt hpeo litthiecincas,ol t,e rmwiinttohheu ens od fh istory: gm 15
fromam ans tanadtti hneegn odrc ulminoafht iisotnco lreyya,er tl y
altlh ien stitaunltdai woosnft s h Set awtoeu bleda na ctualization
agaHieng emlo'tsia ctvo eir tsero e intfroaurnecd e cofrmepeldeiotnme
offr eedoamne,da cihn divwioduurlaedlc ognhiziem saenledfv ,e ry
thweo rfrlede:d uonmt arnbiyvs ahceuadob usst raacnadtc itouna,l ized
humabne iansag ne, m bodiomffre enetd 1o3I mit.ns o stu rprthiesni ng
bym ediaatnicdoo nn crTehtiiinssoo ntt.oe xctuhsreei dicpurleojuus­,
thHaetg el's iidnieffsaao mromuuaslfs ao tleldo ws:
dicveids liaooinudi t nh ipsr ogressuspievres,eu snsiivohenirissstatol r y,
burta tjhuetsrot exspolmoaefii tn(s b eniimgpne)t us.
TheO rienhtaavnleos at t tatihnkeen do wltehdagStep i-Mraintas
such-iasn bdfre eceat;uh sedeyo .knnoottw h tihsea,yr n eo frte eT.h ey
knotwh oantie frs e Beu.o tn t hviesar cyc otuhnfrete ,e dooftm h at toe ve"ns tatkhielniigriv naem so rtal abnaadsKt otljee,pv"uie ttr ,i saibnogv e
onieos n lcya prfiecreo;c itrye-cbkrluetosafpsl an sessoisrao m ni,l d­ the'i'rb ioilnosgtioicfpna rclet s ervSaeFteui kouny.Ta"hm Eean ,od fH istory,
neasnstd a menoefts hdsee siwrheisici,sht soenllafyna cciodfNe an­t p.xvain,Kd o jeIvnet,r odtuotc hRteei aodonif Hn egg pe.4l 1,J. a cqDueersr ida
ture-merel itckhaefep o rrimTcehera o.tn i ets h ereofnolaDry ee s pot; crittihqveui eehswe ralldiibdneegrm aolc sroactiiaecstt hieeen sod f h istory:
noatfr emea nT.h ec onsciooufFs rneeesdfisor mas rto asmeo ntgh e "Insotfes aidn gtihanedg v eonftt h ied eoafll i bdeermaolc arnaodcf yt he
capimtaarlkiiesnttt he eu phoofrt iheaen odf h istionrsyto,efc a edl ebrating
th'ee onfdi deolaongtdih eeens od'ft he egmraenacti dpiastcoorluyeur tss es,
13
AsF rancis Fukauryeal maat" eBwroo,Htu ehlg adenM lda rbxe lieved
gu nevneerg ltehocibtsv imoaucsr osfcaocmptai,duc ep o fi nnumesrianlbalre
gu
thtahtee v oluotfhi uomnas no ciweatnsio oetps e n-ebnuwdtoe udel,nd wd h en
siotfess u fferniodn egg:or fep er ogresosn teaoi l glnotowhrsnae et v beerfo re,
mankhianaddc hiaef voerodmfs ocitehstaaytt iistdfisee edpa ensmdto sftu n­
ina bsofliurtehes a,vs eom anmye nw,o meann cdh ilbderesenun b jugated,
gu
damenltoanlg[ ionargn]'s e onfdh istfoorrH ye'gt:eh lwi asts h lei bsetraatle "
starovree xdt ermoinnt aheteae rd(t Dhe"r Srpiedcaot,fMe arrpsx8. ,5 ).
(FukuyTahEmena od,fH istpo1.r2 yF),o. l loAwlienxgaK nodjreFevu ek,u yama
14H egTehlPe,h iloosfHo ipshttyor ryaS,ni sb.rp e1.e8 ,.
arest hHaetg seel"e tsfih regs lti momfhe urm afrne edoimnt" h" es truggle
gu 15T hsec einssee fo trF rieNdireitczhas sfoc lhleo ws:
forr ecogn(iFtuikounyT"ah Emena od,fH istopryxvi.,) .W hil"eh uman beings
Thhei stiomraigcianhlaa tsi onne vseofar r e,fv leionnadw rne afomrn; o wth e
liaknei mhaalvnsea tunreaealdn sdd e sfiororeb sj ects outside themselves such
hisyto ofmr ani mse retlhcyeo ntinoufta htoaiftao nni maanlpdsl atnhtes ;
asf ooddr,is nhke,la tnaedbr o,av ltelh p er eserovfta hteoiiworbnn o ditehse,y"
univheirsstafolir ntidrasano c fhe ism seevleifnnt huet tdeerp otfht shs ee ian,
difffeurn damebnetcaailunals dyed itthiedoyen s "itrdheee s oifor teh er men"
thlei vsilniHgme es .t aansdtso uinntd hfaeecd oe ft heen ormwoautysh m aatn
(FukuyTahEmena od,fH istpo.xr vyiI,)no . t hweorr ds, h"ihsutimotsarh nye
harsu ann,hd i gsa zqeu ivbeerfotsrh eme i ghtwioenrd tehrme,o demrannw ho
ofd esired DesIinrterso"dt uot(c hRKteeoi ajoedonvif Hen e,gg pe.6l ),. casne aelt lhw ea yH!es tapnrdosuo dntl hype y raomfti hdwe o rld-apnrdo cess:
Thied oefaf reetdhoHamet g cealn nsoetet moa banidtsoh nei xsp rleosnsg ing whihlele a tyhsfe i sntaolon fhe ik sn owlheeds geeetm,ocs r ayl otuod
oft hheu masno utlhn:ee etdob e" recoganshi uzmeabdne" i ngs-Fukuyama Natu'rWaeer: ae tt h teo wpe,a raett hteo wpe;a rtehc eo mploefNt aito!un'r "e
continuaeb se-iw-ni"gtaa ch se rtwaoirontrd h i gnwihtiywc"ih ml olv teh em NietzTshUcesh aeenA ,db uosHfei stpo5.r5 y.,