Table Of Content(cid:2)
Healthcare Simulation Education
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Healthcare
Simulation
Education
Evidence, Theory and Practice
EDITEDBY
Debra Nestel
TheUniversityofMelbourne&MonashUniversity,Victoria,Australia
Michelle Kelly
CurtinUniversity,WesternAustralia,Australia
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Brian Jolly
UniversityofNewcastle,NewSouthWales,Australia
Marcus Watson
UniversityofQueensland,Queensland,Australia
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Contents
Contributors,ix
Foreword,xiii
Acknowledgements,xv
SectionI: Introduction
1 Anintroductiontohealthcaresimulation,3
DebraNestel&MichelleKelly
SectionII: Theoreticalperspectivesandframeworksforhealthcaresimulation
2 Theoriesinforminghealthcaresimulationpractice,9
MargaretBearman,DebraNestel&NancyMcNaughton
3 Historicalpracticesinhealthcaresimulation:Whatwestillhavetolearn,16
HarryOwen
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4 Exploringrealisminhealthcaresimulations,23
DebraNestel,KristianKrogh&MichaelaKolbe
5 Applyingaframeworktohealthcaresimulation:Micro,mesoandmacrolevels,29
MarcusWatson
SectionIII: Contemporaryissuesinhealthcaresimulation
6 Strategiesforresearchinhealthcaresimulation,37
DebraNestel&MichelleKelly
7 Simulatedparticipantmethodologies:Maintaininghumanisminpractice,45
DebraNestel,JillSanko&NancyMcNaughton
8 Narrativedramaturgyandsensemakinginhealthcaresimulation,54
TeresaCrea
9 Haptics-drivenhealthcaretrainingsimulatorsystems,60
LeiWei,HailingZhou,MatthewWatson,ZoranNajdovski,MickFielding,RichardPage&SaeidNahavandi
10 Virtualenvironmentsandvirtualpatientsinhealthcare,69
LeRoyHeinrichs,ParvatiDev&DickDavies
11 Consistencyinsimulation:Ameasurementperspective,80
BrianJolly
12 Takingsimulationbeyondeducationinhealthcare,86
MarcusWatson
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vi Contents
13 Thevalueofprofessionalsocietiestothehealthcaresimulationcommunityofpractice,90
PamelaB.Andreatta,KirstyJ.Freeman&RalphJ.MacKinnon
14 Facultydevelopmentinhealthcaresimulation,105
SimonEdgar,MichaelMoneypenny&AlistairMay
15 Programmedevelopmentandsustainabilityinhealthcaresimulation,112
KomalBajaj,MichaelMeguerdichian,JessicaPohlman&KatieWalker
SectionIV: Elementsofsimulationpractice
16 Ethicsofhealthcaresimulation,121
NathanEmmerich,GerardGormley&MelissaMcCullough
17 Teamworkandhealthcaresimulation,127
JennyWeller&IanCivil
18 Designingsimulation-basedlearningactivities:Asystematicapproach,135
DebraNestel&SuzanneGough
19 Facilitatinghealthcaresimulations,143
MichelleKelly&StephenGuinea
20 Strategiesformanagingadverseeventsinhealthcaresimulations,152
StuartMarshall&CateMcIntosh
21 Debriefing:Thestateoftheartandscienceinhealthcaresimulation,158
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AdamCheng,WalterEppich,TaylorSawyer&VincentGrant
SectionV: Innovationsinhealthcaresimulationpractice
22 Simulationofhomebirths:Developingsafepractices,167
ArunazKumar&DebraNestel
23 Optimizinglearninginsimulation-basededucationusingvideo-reflexivity,171
SuzanneGough
24 Conversationsaboutorganandtissuedonation:Theroleofsimulation,176
JonathanGatward,LeighMcKay&MichelleKelly
25 Commencingasimulation-basedcurriculuminamedicalschoolinChina:Independenceandintegration,181
FeiHan
26 Transportofthecriticallyillpatient:Developingsafepractices,185
RafidahAtan,KristianKrogh,Nor’azimMohdYunos,SuneetSood,Naganathan&DebraNestel
27 Fromroutinetoleadership:ExtendingtheroleofsimulationtechniciansinSoutheastAsia,190
BeeLengSabrinaKoh&ChaoyanDong
28 Incorporatingsimulationinamedicalcity:AcasestudyfromKingFahadMedicalCity,195
HaniLababidi
29 ‘Who‘and‘how‘insimulationcentredevelopment:Buddiesandgroundrules,200
EricSo,GeorgeNg&LYHo
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Contents vii
30 Operationalizinganewemergencydepartment:Theroleofsimulation,205
MikeEddie,CarrieHamilton,OwenHammett,PhilHyde,KatePryde&KimSykes
31 Simulationmodellingandanalysistotesthealthsystems,209
KennyMacleod&RobertMoody
SectionVI: Conclusionsandfuturepractice
32 Twentyyearson…forecastinghealthcaresimulationpractices,217
DebraNestel&MichelleKelly
Index,221
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Contributors
PamelaB.AndreattaPhDEdDCHSE SimonEdgarMBChBFRCAMScEdFAcadMEd
Institute for Simulation and Training, University of NHSLothian,Edinburgh,Scotland
CentralFloridaCollegeofMedicine,Orlando,FL,USA
NathanEmmerichPhD
RafidahAtanMBBSMAnaesFANZCAEDICGradCert- SchoolofHistory,Anthropology,PoliticsandPhilosophy
ClinSimGradCertHigherEd Queen’sUniversityBelfast,NorthernIreland,UK
MonashUniversityMalaysia,JohorBahru,Malaysia
WalterEppichMDMEd
KomalBajajMDMHPEd Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Education,
NewYorkCityHealth&Hospitals,NewYork,USA Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,
Illinois,USA
MargaretBearmanPhDBComp(Hons)CertPA
CentreforResearchandAssessmentinDigitalLearning MickFieldingBEngPhD
(CRADLE),DeakinUniversity,Victoria,Australia Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innova-
tion(IISRI),DeakinUniversity,Australia
AdamChengMDFRCPC
Section of Emergency Medicine, Alberta Children’s Kirsty J. Freeman BNurs PGradDipMid GradDipEd
(cid:2) Hospital,Calgary,Canada CHSE (cid:2)
Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, WACountryHealthService,Perth,Australia
Calgary,Canada
JonathanGatwardBScMBChBFRCADICMFCICM
Ian Civil CNZM MBE (Mil) KStJ ED MBChB FRACS CertEdFHEA
FACS Intensive Care Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, St
Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Leonards,Australia
Auckland,Auckland,NewZealand UniversityofSydney,Sydney,Australia
TeresaCreaDCA GerardGormleyMDFRCGPFHEA
University of Canberra – Centre for Creative and SchoolofMedicine,DentistryandBiomedicalSciences,
CulturalResearch,Canberra,Australia Centre for Medical Education, Queen’s University
Asia Pacific Simulation Alliance, South Australia & Belfast,NorthernIreland
AustralianCapitalTerritory,Australia The Wilson Centre, University of Toronto, Faculty of
Medicine and University Health Network, Toronto,
DickDavies Canada
AmbientPerformanceLtd,London
Suzanne Gough BSc (Hons) MA Ed (Research) PhD
ParvatiDevPhD PGC-APPhysiotherapyPFHEA
LosAltosHills,California,USA Department of Health Professions, Manchester
MetropolitanUniversity,Manchester,UK
ChaoyanDongPhDMSCHSE
SengkangHealth,Singapore VincentGrantMDFRCPC
Departments of Paediatrics and Emergency Medicine,
MikeEddieBMBSBMedSci(Hons) Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary,
DorsetCountyHospital,Dorchester,UnitedKingdom Calgary,Canada
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x Contributors
StephenGuineaPhD Arunaz Kumar MBBS MD MRCOG FRANZCOG
FacultyofHealthSciences,AustralianCatholicUniver- GCHPE
sity,Victoria,Australia FacultyofMedicineNursingandAlliedHealth,Monash
University,Clayton,Australia
CarrieHamiltonRGNBScMSc
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash
Training and Innovation, SimComm Academy,
Health,Clayton,Australia
Southampton,UK
HaniLababidiMDFCCP
OwenHammettBNDipIMC(RCSEd)RN CenterforResearch,Education&SimulationEnhanced
University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Training(CRESENT),KingFahadMedicalCity,Riyadh,
Trust,Southampton,UK SaudiArabia
FeiHanMDPhD RalphJ.MacKinnonBScMBChBFRCA
TianjinMedicalUniversity,Tianjin,China Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia, Royal Manch-
esterChildren’sHospital,Manchester,UK
WilliamL.HeinrichsMDPhD
StanfordUniversity,California,USA KennyMacleodMScOR
TMNSimulation,Melbourne,Australia
LY Ho MBBS MRCS FCSHK FHKAM(Surgery)
FRCSEd(Urol) Stuart Marshall MBChB MHumanFact MRCA
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong FANZCA
KongSAR DepartmentofAnaesthesiaandPerioperativeMedicine,
MonashUniversity,Victoria,Australia
Phil Hyde BSc BM MRCPCH FRACP FFICM FIMC
(cid:2) RCSEd AlistairMayBScMBBSFRCA (cid:2)
SouthamptonChildren’sHospital,Southampton,UK ScottishCentreforSimulationandClinicalHumanFac-
DorsetandSomersetAirAmbulance,Wellington,UK tors,ForthValleyRoyalHospital,Larbert,Scotland
MelissaMcCulloughPhDFHEA
BrianJollyBSc(Hons)MA(Ed)PhD
School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine,
School of Medicine & Public Health, Faculty of Health
Brighton&SussexMedicalSchool,Brighton,UK
and Medicine, University of Newcastle, New South
Wales,Australia
CateMcIntoshMBBSFANZCA
Hunter New England Simulation Centre, John Hunter
MichelleKellyPhDMNBScRN
Hospital,Newcastle,Australia
CurtinUniversity,Perth,Australia
Leigh McKay RN BAS (Nursing) MPH Cert Intensive
BeeLengSabrinaKohRNMHSc(Ed)PGDip(CC)BN
Care
CHSE
NSWOrgan&TissueDonationService,Kogarah,Aus-
SengkangHealth,Singapore
tralia
MichaelaKolbePhDPD
NancyMcNaughtonMEdPhD
University Hospital Zurich, Simulation Center, Zurich,
CentreforLearningInnovationandSimulation,Mich-
Switzerland
enerInstituteofEducation,WilsonCentreforResearch
in Education, University Health Network, Toronto,
KristianKroghMDPhD
Canada
DepartmentofAnaesthesiaandIntensiveCare,Aarhus
UniversityHospital,Aarhus,Denmark
MichaelMeguerdichianMDMHPEd
Centre for Health Sciences Education, Aarhus Univer-
NewYorkCityHealth&Hospitals,NewYork,USA
sity,Aarhus,Denmark
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Contributors xi
MichaelMoneypennyBSc(Hons)MBChB(Hons)MD JillSankoPhDMSARNPCHSE-A
FRCAFHEA University of Miami, School of Nursing and Health
Scottish Centre for Simulation and Clinical Human Studies,CoralGables,FL,USA
Factors,ForthValleyRoyalHospital,Larbert,Scotland
TaylorSawyerDOMEdCHSE-A
RobertMoody SeattleChildren’sHospital,Seattle,WA,USA
St.VincentsHospital,Melbourne,Australia
Eric So MBBS FHKCA FHKAM(Anaesthesiology) BSc
SaeidNahavandiBSc(Hons)MScPhD (BiomedicalScience)PGDipEcho
Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innova- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong
tion(IISRI),DeakinUniversity,Australia KongSAR
ZoranNajdovskiBEngPhD SuneetSoodMBBSMSMAMS
Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innova- MonashUniversityMalaysia,JohorBahru,Malaysia
tion(IISRI),DeakinUniversity,Australia
KimSykesMBChBDCHMRCPCHFFICM
DebraNestelPhDFAcadMEdCHSE-A SouthamptonChildren’sHospital,Southampton,UK
Department of Surgery, Melbourne Medical School,
KatieWalkerRNMBA
Melbourne,Australia
NewYorkCityHealth&Hospitals,NewYork,USA
Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences,
UniversityofMelbourne,Melbourne,Australia
MarcusWatsonPhD
FacultyofMedicine,Nursing&HealthSciences,Monash
SchoolofMedicineandSchoolofPsychology,University
University,Victoria,Australia
ofQueensland,Queensland,Australia
George Ng MBBS MRCP FHKCP FHKAM(Medicine)
(cid:2) MatthewWatsonBEngPhD (cid:2)
FCICMMPH
Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innova-
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong
tion(IISRI),DeakinUniversity,Australia
KongSAR
LeiWeiBEngPhD
HarryOwenMBBChMDFANZCA
Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innova-
School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide,
tion(IISRI),DeakinUniversity,Australia
Australia
JennyWellerMDMClinEdMBBSFANZCAFRCA
RichardPageBMedSciMBBSFRACS(Orth)FAOrthA
Centre for Medical and Health Sciences Education,
School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin Univer-
UniversityofAuckland,Auckland,NewZealand
sity,Australia
AucklandCityHospital,Auckland,NewZealand
NaganathanMBBSFRCPIAM
Nor’azim Mohd Yunos MBBS MAnaes EDIC Grad-
MonashUniversityMalaysia,JohorBahru,Johor
CertHigherEd
MonashUniversityMalaysia,JohorBahru,Malaysia
JessicaPohlmanMPAMEd
NewYorkCityHealth&Hospitals,NewYork,USA
HailingZhouBEngPhD
Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innova-
KatePrydeBMedSciBMBSMRCPCH
tion(IISRI),DeakinUniversity,Australia
SouthamptonChildren’sHospital,Southampton,UK
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Foreword
TheoldEnglishproverb‘Youcan’tknowwhereyou’re deliveryofhealthcareandhigher-qualityeducationand
going until you know where you’ve been’ rings true training. This book assists the simulation community
with many innovations and developments that have inunderstandingthesuccessesandthecomplexitiesof
the potential to alter the way we think about how we simulation-basededucationinthecontextofhealthcare.
educateandwork.Theuseofsimulationinhealthcare The range of chapters in this book will help readers
education is not a new method, but its adoption and gainasystematicunderstandingofthetheoryandappli-
rate of innovation have been rapid in recent years cationofsimulation.Thebookoffersafantasticopportu-
in Australia and worldwide. This has been supported nitytomakeaclearconnectionbetweentheunderlying
through a range of funding opportunities, training rationalefortheuseofsimulationandwhatitlookslike
initiatives and, more importantly, through recognition when applied. Although the authors offer chapters on
bygovernmentsandtheWorldHealthOrganizationof educationaltheory,theelementsofsimulationpractice
the importance that simulation can have in providing andcontemporaryissuesinsimulation,theyhavetaken
safe and efficient healthcare services. As a simulation a new and critical approach to these topics. The book
community we continue to strive for new ways to goes beyond the healthcare sector to help inform our
incorporatesimulation,technologyandinnovationinto practices.Italsocontainsexamplesofinnovationsfrom
our education to improve patient safety and to train aroundtheworldthathaveemergedfromspecificchal-
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clinicians to become acutely aware of the influence of lenges that each author has experienced in their sim-
humanfactorsonperformance. ulation practice, providing us all with opportunities to
Simulationneedstobecomecentraltoeducationand learn.
improvement processes in an effort to provide a more Thistextwillproveanexcellentresourceforthoseat
safety-conscious environment. To assist in this, work any level of experience. It is a valuable reference that
is continually being undertaken to make explicit the canberevisitedtoreflectonwhatisknowninorderto
underpinning theory and application of simulation in knowhowtomoveforward.
thehealthcaresector.Researchers,educatorsandclini-
ciansalikeareworkingtogethertoprovideevidenceto RobertP.O’Brien
supportcurrentpracticesinhealthcare. Chair,AustralianSocietyforSimulationin
Thechallengeistobuildontheworkalreadyunder- Healthcare(ASSH)
taken in health and broader disciplines to develop a ClinicalEducationFellow
robust programme of education and research with the MelbourneMedicalSchool
central premise of improvement – that is, the safer UniversityofMelbourne
xiii
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