Table Of ContentBRIEF CONTENTS
PART ONE 11 Reaching and Maintaining a Healthy
Finding the Right Balance Weight 300
FOCUS ON
1 Accessing Your Health 1
ENHANCING YOUR BODY IMAGE 325
NEW FOCUS ON 12 Improving Your Physical Fitness 337
Chapter DIFFERENCE, DISPARITY, AND HEALTH:
ACHIEVING HEALTH EQUITY 26
PART FIVE
2 Promoting and Preserving Your
Psychosocial Health 38 Preventing and Fighting Disease
FOCUS ON 13 Reducing Your Risk of Cardiovascular
CULTIVATING YOUR SPIRITUAL HEALTH 61
Disease and Cancer 364
3 Managing Stress and Coping with
FOCUS ON
Life’s Challenges 72
MINIMIZING YOUR RISK FOR DIABETES 397
NEW 4 Improving Your Sleep 99 14 Protecting Against Infectious Diseases
Chapter
5 Preventing Violence and Injury 118 and Sexually Transmitted Infections 409
FOCUS ON
PART TWO REDUCING RISKS AND COPING WITH
CHRONIC DISEASES AND CONDITIONS 441
Creating Healthy and Caring
Relationships
PART SIX This section
was reorganized
6 Building Healthy Relationships 142 Facing Life’s and coverage of
Changes Aging, Death, and
FOCUS ON Dying streamlined
UNDERSTANDING YOUR SEXUALITY 163 into a FOCUS
15 Making Smart Health
ON chapter.
7 Considering Your Reproductive Care Choices 452
Choices 178
FOCUS ON
UNDERSTANDING COMPLEMENTARY
PART THREE AND INTEGRATIVE HEALTH 470
Avoiding Risks from Harmful FOCUS ON
Habits AGING, DEATH, AND DYING 480
16 Promoting Environmental Health 494
8 Recognizing and Avoiding Addiction
and Drug Abuse 209
ANSWERS TO POP QUIZ QUESTIONS A-1
9 Drinking Alcohol Responsibly and Ending
GLOSSARY G-1
Tobacco Use 238
REFERENCES R-1
PART FOUR PHOTO CREDITS C-1
Building Healthy Lifestyles INDEX I-1
10 Eating for a Healthier You 270
Get Ready for a Whole New
Mastering Health Experience
New! Ready-to-Go Teaching Modules help you find the best assets to use before,
during, and after class to teach the toughest topics in Personal Health. These curated
sets of teaching tools save you time by highlighting the most effective and engaging
videos, quizzing, coaching, self-assessment, and behavior change activities to assign
within Mastering™ Health.
Donatelle, Health The Basics, 13/e
Ready-To-Go Teaching
Psychological Health Stress
Modules mindfulness edition
Reproductive Choices Addiction and Drug Abuse
Ready-To-Go Teaching Modules
make use of teaching tools for
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in-class activities. TBHAES ICS
Rebecca J. Donatelle
The modules incorporate the best
that the text, Mastering Health, ™ and
Fitness CVD and Cancer
guide instructors through using these
BCELFAOSRSE mindfulness edition
ACLFATESRS DCULRAISNSG Infectious Conditions UnintVeinotleionncael aInnjdu ri es
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Connecting
Cutting Edge Content to Enact
NEW! A Mindfulness Theme
throughout the book relates mindfulness
research and practices to topics ranging
from relationships to mindful eating to
stress management and more. Mindful-
ness coverage is flagged by an icon next
to all applicable passages in the text.
MINDFULNESS MINDFULNESS FOR SMOKING
AND YOU CESSATION
More people are addicted to nicotine may have better outcomes than those Cravings usually last from 90 seconds to
than to any other drug in the United who use standard methods of quitting. 3 minutes. Simply using the acronym above
States. Research suggests that nicotine Dr. Brewer uses the acronym RAIN to help helps many smokers to acknowledge and
NEW! Mindfulness and maybe as addictive as heroin, cocaine, or people manage their nicotine cravings. get through the craving, which should then
You feature boxes cover alcohol. Successfully quitting smoking is a ■ R ecognize the craving that is occur- become weaker over time.
challenge that often requires more than one
topics such as mindful- attempt. About 70 percent of adult smokers ■ Arin cgc,e apnt dth ree lmaxo mwiethn ti.t .P ay attention to STroiaulr ocfe Ss:m Ja. rBtprehwoneer,- “BAa sReadn dMoimndizfueldn eCsosn Ttrroailnleindg
ness and smoking cessa- Freifptyo-rfti vwea pnetirncge ntot tqriueidt stom sotkoinpg s mcoomkipnlge tfeolyr . how your body is feeling. fPosry Scmhiaotkriyn 1g5 C, ensos. a8t3io (n2:0 A1 5S)t:u 2d–y7 ;P Jro. tBorceowl,e” r B, “MAC
tion, technostress, relapse more than one day in the past year. ■ I nvestigate the experience. Ask your- Simple Way to Break A Habit,” TED TalkMED,
self what is happening to your body in November, 2015; Centers for Disease Control and
prevention, etc. and are hav Ree bceeenntl yfo, umnidn dtofu olnfefesrs g-breaasteedr cthhearnacpeiess this moment. PSrmevoeknintgio,”n ,F “eSbmruoakryin 1g, &2 0T1o7b,a hctctop sU:/s/ew:w Qwu.icttdincg.g ov/
featured throughout the of success for those attempting to quit ■ N ote what is happening. As you tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/cessation/
acknowledge anxiousness, irritability, quitting; L. Peltz, “Practicing Mindfulness to Help
book. asmlsoo kbinegen. Mshinodwfunl ntoe sdse icnrteearvseen ntieognast ihvaev e and other feelings, realize that they are 2Yo01u6 B, r hetatpk st:h//ee Hxpaebrittb oefa Scmono.kcionmg,/”p Eraxcpteicrtin Bge-acon,
affect and craving in smokers. nothing more than body sensations mindfulness-help-you-break-habit-smoking/#.
that will pass. WM2YbhAfSPV; A. Ruscio et al., “Effect of Brief
Dr. Judson Brewer, the Director of Mindfulness Practice on Self-Reported Affect,
Research at the Center for Mindfulness at Using mindfulness techniques in this Craving and Smoking: A Pilot Randomized
the University of Massachusetts, has found way will help the body become familiar with CAsosnetrsoslmleedn Ttr,”ia Nl Uicsoitninge E Tcoobloagciccoa lR Meosemaercnhta 1ry8 , no.
that people who use mindfulness training the cravings and learn that it can adapt. 1 (2016): 64–73.
are nicotine chewing gum and the nicotine patch, both available taken at one time could be lethal. The FDA has advised that
over the counter. The FDA has also approved a nicotine nasal the nasal spray should be used for no more than 3 months
spray, a nicotine inhaler, and nicotine lozenges. and never for more than 6 months, so that smokers don’t
Nicotine gum delivers about as much nicotine as a ciga- become dependent. The FDA also advises that no one who
rette does. Users experience no withdrawal symptoms and experiences nasal or sinus problems, allergies, or asthma
A02_DONA9680_13_SE_WT.indd 2 fewer cravings for nicotine as the dosage is reduced until they should use it. 12/20/17 2:49 AM
are completely weaned. Users chew up to 20 pieces of gum a The nicotine inhaler, which also requires a prescription,
day for 1 to 3 months. Nicotine-containing lozenges are avail- consists of a mouthpiece and a cartridge. By puffing on the
able in two strengths, and a 12-week program of use is recom- mouthpiece, the smoker inhales air saturated with nicotine,
mended to allow users to taper off the drug. which is absorbed through the lining of the mouth, entering
The nicotine patch is generally used in conjunction with a the body much more slowly than does the nicotine in ciga-
comprehensive smoking-behavior-cessation program. A small, rettes. Using the inhaler mimics the hand-to-mouth actions
thin patch delivers a continuous flow of nicotine through the used in smoking and causes the back of the throat to feel as it
skin, helping to relieve cravings. Patches can be bought with or would when inhaling tobacco smoke.
without a prescription and are available in different dosages.
It is recommended that people who use the patch as a part of Smoking-Cessation Medications Bupropion
their smoking-cessation program use it for 9 to 10 weeks. 157 (brand name: Zyban), an antidepressant, is FDA approved as
During this time, the dose of nicotine is gradually reduced a smoking-cessation aid. Varinicline (brand name: Chantix)
until the smoker is fully weaned from the drug. The patch reduces nicotine cravings and the urge to smoke and blocks
costs less than a pack of cigarettes—about $4—and some insur- the effects of nicotine at nicotine receptor sites in the brain.
ance plans will pay for it.1 58 Both drugs may cause changes in behavior such as agitation,
The nasal spray, which requires a prescription, is much depression, hostility, and suicidal thoughts or actions. People
more powerful and delivers nicotine to the bloodstream taking one of these drugs who experience any unusual changes
faster than gum, lozenges, or the patch. Patients are warned in mood are advised to stop taking the drug immediately and
to be careful not to overdose; as little as 40 mg of nicotine contact their health care professional.1 59
268 | PART THREE | Avoiding Risks from Harmful Habits
Positive Change in Students’ Lives
NEW! Focus on Difference, Disparity, and Health
chapter looks at health equity as a critical issue in 21st
century America. Coverage includes specific actions to
take to promote health equity on campus, in the commu-
nity, and individually, and systemic changes needed for
the U.S. to progress towards better health for all.
NEW! Full Chapter on Sleep
more thoroughly examines the con-
nections between sleep and stress,
sleep and nutrition, and much more.
UPDATED! Why Should
I Care? features open
each chapter, engaging WHY SHOULD
students and helping I CARE? If you think cardiovascular disease and cancer are just things your parents or
ggrandparents develop, think again! Increasing rates of obesity, high-fat diets, high
them recognize the
lleevveellss of stress and anxiety, as well as a penchant for sitting too much all put younger
relevance of health adults and adolescents at risk.
issues to their own
lives. When we think of the major fatal diseases, we by nearly 33 percent in the last
tend to picture a very old person dying after decade. 3 In spite of the prom- global burden of disease (GBD) A
a long battle with cancer or succumbing to a ising decline, over 92 million method of quantifying the burden of
premature morbidity, disability, and
fast, painful death from cardiovascular disease American adults, more than death for a given disease or disease
(CVD) such as a heart attack or stroke. In reality, more often 1 in every 3 adults, suffer from group.
than not, cancer and CVD are long-term illnesses that exact a one or more types of CVD. 4 disability-adjusted life years
huge toll on individuals young and old, their loved ones, and Much of the improvement (DALYs) A measure of overall
society. In fact, these two categories of disease are among the in death rates is due to better disease burden expressed as the
greatest contributors to the global burden of disease (GBD) , diagnosis, early intervention, number of years lost due to ill health.
A02_DONA9680_13_SE_WT.indd 3 ait ym, deitshaobdil iotyf, qanudan dteifaytihn gfo trh ae g bivuernd ednis eoafs ep roerm daistuearese mgroorubpid.1 - manedn tss,t einacdliulyd inimg ap mrouvilntig-b iltlrieoant-- c issph poronrontaliocnn edgoiesudes,al yds,eo a ens A d nn iosilt l nrraee1rsse2soly /lt2v hce0au /tr1 e7d. 2:49 AM
GBD is measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) , dollar market in drugs that are cardiovascular disease
or years lived in ill health or with disability. 2 Today, people designed to keep the heart and (CVD) Disease of the heart and/or
in many higher-income regions of the world often live longer circulatory system ticking along. blood vessels.
with diseases such as cancer and CVD as a result of earlier diag- We have also improved our
nosis, better treatments, and improved medicines. understanding of how diet, activity, and other behaviors affect
Both CVD and cancer are chronic diseases , meaning the risk of CVD and have created policies and programs designed
that they are prolonged, do not resolve spontaneously, and to reduce risks. Yet CVD continues to be a threat ( FIGURE 1 3. 1 ). 5
are rarely cured completely. As such, they are
responsible for significant rates of disability, lost
86.5%
productivity, and physical and emotional suf- 84.4%
fering, not to mention soaring health care costs.
CVDs in particular are closely related to life-
style factors such as obesity, sedentary behav- 69.6% 68.6%
ior, poor nutrition, stress, lack of sleep, tobacco
use, and excessive alcohol use. The good news
is that in many cases, these lifestyle factors can
be changed or modified to decrease disease risks
for both CVD and cancer and result in more 41.4% 39.4%
healthy years.
LO 1 | CARDIOVASCULAR
13.5% 11.5%
DISEASE IN THE UNITED
STATES
20–39 40–59 60–79 80 years old
Discuss the physical, social, emotional, and eco- years old years old years old and older
nomic burden of cardiovascular disease in the United
States and globally, as well as the importance of
ideal cardiovascular health.
Men with CVD; each heart = 10% of the population
In 2015–2016, the American Heart Association
(AHA) reported that death rates from cardio- Women with CVD; each heart = 10% of the population
vascular disease (CVD) —diseases associated
with the heart and blood vessels, such as high FIGURE 13. 1 Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) in Adults
blood pressure, coronary heart disease (CHD), Aged 20 and Older by Age and Sex
heart failure, stroke, and congenital cardiovas- Source: Data from E. Benjamin et al., “Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update:
cular defects—had declined in the United States A Report from the American Heart Association,” Circulation 135, no. 10 (2017): e146–e603.
CHAPTER 13 | Reducing Your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer | 367
Continuous Learning
Before, During, and After Class
BEFORE CLASS
Mobile Media and Reading Assignments Ensure Students Come to Class Prepared
NEW! Interactive Pearson
eText gives students access to
their text, anytime, anywhere.
Pearson eText features include:
• Offline access on smartphones/
tablets
• Seamlessly integrated videos
and other rich media.
• Interactive Self-Assessment
Worksheets
• Accessible (screen-reader
ready).
• Configurable reading settings,
UPDATED! Dynamic
including resizable type and
Study Modules help stu-
night reading mode.
dents study effectively
• Instructor and student by continuously assessing
note-taking, highlighting, student performance and
bookmarking, and search. providing practice in areas
where students struggle the
most. Each Dynamic Study
Module, accessed by com-
puter, smartphone or tablet,
promotes fast learning and
long-term retention.
Pre-Lecture Reading Quizzes are easy to customize and assign
Reading Questions ensure that students complete the assigned reading before class. Reading
Questions can be completed by students on any mobile device.
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with Mastering Health
DURING CLASS
Engage Students with Learning Catalytics
Learning Catalytics, a “bring your own device” student engagement, assessment, and classroom in-
telligence system, allows students to use their smartphone, tablet, or laptop to respond to ques-
tions in class.
AFTER CLASS
Mastering Health Delivers Automatically Graded Health and Fitness Activities
Interactive Behavior Change
Activities—Which Path Would
You Take? Have students explore
various health choices through an
engaging, interactive, low-stakes,
and anonymous experience. These
activities show students the possi-
ble consequences of various choices
they make today on their future
health and are made assignable in
Mastering Health with follow-up
questions.
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Continuous Learning
Before, During, and After Class
AFTER CLASS
Easy to Assign, Customize, Media-Rich, and Automatically-Graded Assignments
UPDATED! Study Plans
tie all end-of-chapter
material (including chapter
review, pop quiz, and Think
About It questions) to
specific numbered Learning
Outcomes and Mastering
assets. Assignable study
plan items contain at
least one multiple choice
question per Learning
Outcome and wrong-
answer feedback.
Video Tutors highlight
a book figure or discussion
point in an engaging video,
covering key concepts such
as how drugs act on the
brain, reading food labels,
and the benefits of regular
exercise. All Video Tutors
include assessment activities
and are assignable in
Mastering Health.
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with Mastering Health
HALLMARK! Behavior
Change Videos are concise
whiteboard-style videos
that help students with the
steps of behavior change,
covering topics such as
setting SMART goals,
identifying and overcoming
barriers to change, planning
realistic timelines, and more.
Additional videos review
key fitness concepts such as
determining target heart
rate range for exercise. All
videos include assessment
activities and are assignable
in Mastering Health.
ABC News Videos spark dis-
cussions with up-to-date hot
topics. The videos can be used
to launch lectures or can be as-
signed in Mastering Health, with
multiple choice questions that
include wrong-answer feedback.
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Resources for YOU, the Instructor
Mastering Health provides you with
everything you need to prep for your
course and deliver a dynamic lecture, in
one convenient place. Resources include:
Media Assets For Each
Chapter
• ABC News Lecture Launcher videos
• PowerPoint Lecture Outlines
• PowerPoint clicker questions and
Jeopardy-style quiz show questions
• Files for all illustrations and tables and
selected photos from the text
Test Bank
• Test Bank in Microsoft, Word, PDF, and
RTF formats
• Computerized Test Bank, which
includes all the questions from the
printed test bank in a format that
allows you to easily and intuitively
build exams and quizzes.
Teaching Resources
• New! Ready-to-Go Teaching Modules
• Instructor Resource and Support Manual in Microsoft Word and PDF formats
• Learning Catalytics: Getting Started
• Getting Started with Mastering Health
Measuring Student Learning Outcomes?
All of the Mastering Health assignable content
Student Supplements is tagged to book content and to Bloom's Tax-
onomy. You also have the ability to add your own
• Take Charge of Your Health Worksheets learning outcomes, helping you track student
• Behavior Change Log and Wellness Journal performance against your learning outcomes. You
• Eat Right! can view class performance against the specified
learning outcomes and share those results quickly
• Live Right!
and easily by exporting to a spreadsheet.
• Food Composition Table
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