Table Of ContentHealth Effects of Metals and Related
Substances in Drinking Water
ii
Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water: Research Report Series
Health Effects of Metals and Related
Substances in Drinking Water
Authors
Prof. M. Ferrante, Dr. G. Oliveri Conti, Prof. Z. Rasic-
Milutinovic and Dr. D. Jovanovic
Coauthors
Giovanni Arena University of Catania, (IT)
Chiara Copat University of Catania, (IT)
Maria Cunsolo University of Catania, (IT)
Maria Grazia D’Agati University of Catania, (IT)
Adriana Floridia University of Catania, (IT)
Maria Fiore University of Catania, (IT)
Roberto Furnari University of Catania,(IT)
Caterina Ledda University of Catania, (IT)
Ignatius C. Maduka University of Nigeria, (WAN)
Cristina Mauceri University of Catania, (IT)
Carlotta Malagoli University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, (IT)
Sanjay Mishra, IFTM Campus, (IND)
Michael R. Moore, Griffith University, (AUS)
Marco Vinceti University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, (IT)
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First published 2014
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 9781840405971 (Paperback)
ISBN: 9781780405988 (eBook)
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Contents
ABOUT THE AUTHORS…...........................................................xi
Editors & Authors……………………………………………………xi
Coauthors………………………………………………………….…xii
Review panel ……………………………………………………….xiii
Foreword …………………………………………………………….xv
Preface ….................................................................................xvii
Aknowledgements…………………………………………………xxi
Chapter 1
Metals and drinking water. ………………………………………..1
Chapter 2
Metals and water resources………………………………….…...3
Chapter 3
Metals and health.. …………………………………………….…...4
Chapter 4
Toxic metals………………………………………….………………6
Chapter 5
Mutagenic and genotoxic metals……………………………….10
Chapter 6
Carcinogenic metals………………………………………………12
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Health Effects of Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water
Chapter 7
Aluminium (Al) ………………………………………………….......16
7.1 Environmental effect ………………………………………...….16
7.2 Effect on human health ……………………………………..….17
Chapter 8
Antimony (Sb) ………………………………………….……….…..19
8.1 Environmental effect………………………………………….…19
8.2 Effect on human health…………………………………………19
Chapter 9
Arsenic (As) …………………………………………….……..…….21
9.1 Environmental effect…………………………………………….21
9.2 Effect on human health…………………………………………21
Chapter 10
Barium (Ba) ……………………………………………………...…...27
10.1 Environmental effect………………………………………...…27
10.2 Effect on human health………………………………….….…28
Chapter 11
Beryllium (Be) …………………………………..……………….….29
11.1 Environmental effect………………………………….….……29
11.2 Effect on human health………………………………….……30
Chapter 12
Bismuth (Bi) …………………………………………….………..…32
12.1 Environmental effect………………………………….…..…...32
12.2 Effect on human health……………………..……………..….32
Chapter 13
Boron (B)…………………………………………………………….34
13.1 Environmental effect…………………………………………. 34
13.2 Effect on human health…………………………………….…34
Chapter 14
Calcium (Ca) ………………………………………………….…….37
14.1 Environmental effect………………………………….………37
14.2 Effect on human health………………………………………38
Chapter 15
Cadmium (Cd) ……………………………………………………..42
15.1 Environmental effect………………………………………… 42
15.2 Effect on human health………………………………………42
Chapter 16
Chromium (Cr) …………………………………………………….46
16.1 Environmental effect…………………………………………46
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Contents
16.2 Effect on human health………………………..………………46
Chapter 17
Cobalt (Co) ………………………………………….……………....48
17.1 Environmental effect…………………………….…………….48
17.2 Effect on human health………………………….……………49
Chapter 18
Copper (Cu) ………………………………………… ……………..50
18.1 Environmental effect……………………….…………….……50
18.2 Effect on human health…………………….…………………51
Chapter 19
Iron (Fe) …………………………………………….…………………53
19.1 Environmental effect………………………….……….……… 53
19.2 Effect on human health……………………….……….………53
Chapter 20
Lanthanum (La) ………………………………………….…………57
20.1 Environmental effect………………………….……….………57
20.2 Effect on human health……………………….………………57
Chapter 21
Lead (Pb) …………………………………………………………….60
21.1 Environmental effect………………………………….……….60
21.2 Effect on human health…………………………….…………60
Chapter 22
Lithium (Li) …………………………………………………….……63
22.1 Environmental effect……………………………………….….63
22.2 Effect on human health…………………………………….…64
Chapter 23
Magnesium (Mg) ……………………………………………….……68
23.1 Environmental effect……………………………………….….68
23.2 Effect on human health………………………………….……68
Chapter 24
Manganese (Mn) ………………………………………………….. 71
24.1 Environmental effect………………………………………… .71
24.2 Effect on human health……………………………………… 71
Chapter 25
Mercury (Hg) …………………………………………………..….. 76
25.1 Environmental effect…………………………………………..76
25.2 Effect on human health…………………………………….…76
vii
Contents
Chapter 26
Nickel (Ni) …………………………………………………..…….... 79
26.1 Environmental effect…………………………………….……. 79
26.2 Effect on human health…………………………………….… 80
Chapter 27
Potassium (K) …………………………………………..…….….. .82
27.1 Environmental effect………………………………….…..……82
27.2 Effect on human health……………………………….……… 82
Chapter 28
Radium (Ra) …………………………………………..…….….. ….84
28.1 Environmental effect……………………….…………………..84
28.2 Effect on human health……………………………………… .84
Chapter 29
Selenium (Se) …………………………………………..…….….. .86
29.1 Environmental effect………… ……………………………… 86
29.2 Effect on human health……………………………………… 86
Chapter 30
Silicon (Si) ………………………………………………….……... 90
30.1 Environmental effect………………………………………… .90
30.2 Effect on human health…………………………………..……90
Chapter 31
Silver (Ag) ………………………………………………….……... 94
31.1 Environmental effect…………………….……………………94
31.2 Effect on human health………………….……………………95
Chapter 32
Sodium (Na) ………………………………………………….……...97
32.1 Environmental effect……………………………………..….…97
32.2 Effect on human health………………………………..………97
Chapter 33
Strontium (Sr) ……….………………………………………….…..99
33.1 Environmental effect…………………………………..………99
33.2 Effect on human health…………………………….…………99
Chapter 34
Thallium (Tl) ………………………………………….……………102
34.1 Environmental effect…………………………………………102
34.2 Effect on human health………………………………………102
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Contents
Chapter 35
Tin (Sn) ………………………………………….………………….104
35.1 Environmental effect……………………………....… ..……104
35.2 Effect on human health………………………..…………..…104
Chapter 36
Tungsten (W) ……………………………………………..….……106
36.1 Environmental effect…………………………………..…… 106
36.2 Effect on human health………………………………..…… 107
Chapter 37
Uranium (U) And Depleted Uranium (Du) ………………….. 108
37.1 Environmental effect…………………………………………108
37.2 Effect on human health………………………………………110
Chapter 38
Vanadium (V) ………………………………………………………113
38.1 Environmental effect………………………….………………113
38.2 Effect on human health………………………….……………113
Chapter 39
Zinc (Zn) ……………………………………………………………117
39.1 Environmental effect…………………………………………117
39.2 Effect on human health………………………………………118
Chapter 40
Metals And Disinfection Treatment. …………………………..121
Chapter 41
Metals Regulations And Guidelines of Some Country. …..124
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