Health Benefits of Nuts and Dried Fruits

557 Pages·2020·36.884 MB·English

by  Cesarettin Alasalvar, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Emilio Ros, Joan Sabaté

Health Benefts of Nuts
and Dried Fruits

Health Benefts of Nuts
and Dried Fruits
Edited by
Cesarettin Alasalvar, Jordi Salas-Salvadó,
Emilio Ros, and Joan Sabaté
CRC Press
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Contents
PREFACE IX
EDITORS XI
CONTRIBUTORS XV
1 Health Benefts of Nuts and Dried Fruits: An Overview 1
CESARETTIN ALASALVAR, JORDI-SALAS SALVADÓ, EMILIO ROS, AND
JOAN SABATÉ
SectiON i NUtS
2 Nuts: Nutrients, Natural Antioxidants, Fat-Soluble
Bioactives, and Phenolics 13
CESARETTIN ALASALVAR, SUI KIAT CHANG, AND FEREIDOON SHAHIDI
3 effect of Nut consumption on Blood Lipids, Lipoproteins,
and Apolipoproteins – Summary of the evidence 59
JOAN SABATÉ, EDWARD BITOK, AND SUJATHA RAJARAM
4 Nuts and cardio-Metabolic Syndrome (endothelial
Function, infammation, and Blood Pressure) 91
PABLO HERNÁNDEZ-ALONSO, MARTA GUASCH-FERRÉ, MÒNICA BULLÓ,
AND JORDI SALAS-SALVADÓ
5 the energetics of Nut consumption: Oral Processing,
Appetite, and energy Balance 125
BREANNA M. MCARTHUR, KELLY A. HIGGINS, STEPHANIE R. HUNTER,
AND RICHARD D. MATTES
v
C O N T E N T S
6 Nut consumption and cardiovascular Disease 155
TASNIM F. IMRAN AND LUC DJOUSSÉ
7 Nut consumption and Adiposity 167
MAIRA BES-RASTROLLO AND MIGUEL ÁNGEL MARTÍNEZ-GONZÁLEZ
8 Nuts in the Prevention and Management of Diabetes 181
STEPHANIE K. NISHI, EFFIE VIGUILIOUK, SONIA BLANCO MEJIA, DAVID
J.A. JENKINS, JOHN L. SIEVENPIPER, AND CYRIL W.C. KENDALL
9 Nut consumption and cancer 223
HEINZ FREISLING AND HWAYOUNG NOH
10 Nut consumption and All-cause and cause-Specifc
Mortality and Longevity: A Review of the evidence 247
DAGFINN AUNE
11 Nuts and Brain Health: cognition, Depression, and
Neurodegenerative Diseases 261
EMILIO ROS AND ALEIX SALA-VILA
12 Nuts in Healthy Dietary Patterns and
Dietary Guidelines 289
ELIZABETH P. NEALE AND LINDA C. TAPSELL
13 Nuts: Gut Health and Microbiota 313
SERENA GALIÈ, MÒNICA BULLÓ, ALESSANDRO ATZENI, PABLO
HERNÁNDEZ-ALONSO, JANANEE MURALIDHARAN, AND JORDI
SALAS-SALVADÓ
SectiON ii DRieD FRUitS
14 Dried Fruits: Nutrients, Natural Antioxidants, and
Phytochemicals 335
CESARETTIN ALASALVAR, SUI KIAT CHANG, AND FEREIDOON SHAHIDI
15 Bioavailability of Nutrients and Phytochemicals
from  Dried Fruits 369
ARIANNA CARUGHI, DANIEL GALLAHER, AND GIUSEPPINA MANDALARI
vi
C O N T E N T S
16 effect of Dried Fruits on Lipid Profles (Dose–Response,
effects on Different Groups and Different Dried Fruits,
and cardiovascular Diseases) 397
CHELSEA GARCIA AND CHRISTOPHER N. BLESSO
17 Dried Fruits and cardio-Metabolic Syndrome
(endothelial Function, infammation,
and Blood Pressure) 413
VALERIE SULLIVAN, KRISTINA PETERSEN, AND
PENNY KRIS-ETHERTON
18 Dried Fruits in the Prevention and control of Diabetes
(insulin Resistance and Prediabetes) 437
KRISTIE (KORBUA) SRICHAIKUL, MELODY ONG, ZOHA PRASLA, YAKUP
KOHEN, IRIS MANDALOZANO, MELANIE PAQUETTE, SANDHYA SAHYE-
PUDARUTH, DARSHNA PATEL, CYRIL W.C. KENDALL, JOHN L. SIEVENPIPER,
AND DAVID J.A. JENKINS
19 Dried Fruit consumption and cancer 449
BRADLEY BOLLING, XIAOCAO LIU, AND JIYUAN LIU
20 Dried Fruits: Bone Health and Osteoprotection 469
BAHRAM H. ARJMANDI AND KELLI S. GEORGE
21 Dried Fruits: Gut Health and Microbiota 487
MARÍA MARHUENDA MUÑOZ AND ROSA M. LAMUELA RAVENTÓS
22 Other Health Benefts of Dried Fruits: cognitive
Function, Appetite, Satiety control, intestinal Health,
and Hepatoprotection 497
JIE LIU, ZIYUAN WANG, AND MINGSI XIE
23 Dried Fruits as components of Health Dietary Patterns 513
ANA PAULA SILVA CALDAS AND JOSEFINA BRESSAN
INDEX 527
vii

Preface
Nuts and dried fruits are nutrient-rich foods and constitute an excellent means of
delivering health-promoting bioactive compounds. As such, they serve as important
healthful snack items, besides being part of many traditional and new recipes in
gastronomy worldwide. Frequent consumption of nuts and/or dried fruits is highly
recommended to obtain the full beneft of the nutrients, bioactives, and antioxidants
that they contain, together with their desirable favor (taste and aroma).
Consistent scientifc evidence suggests that individuals who regularly
consume sizable amounts of nuts (30 or 42.5 g/day, depending on recommenda-
tions by the European Food Safety Authority [EFSA] or the US Food and Drug
Administration [FDA], respectively) and/or dried fruits (30–40 g/day, depending
on the fruit) disclose lower rates of some chronic non-communicable diseases. The
health effects of nuts encompass management of obesity and reduced incidence of
cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type-2 diabetes, various types of cancers, and other
diet-related chronic diseases. The strongest and most consistent benefcial effect
of nut consumption is its association with reduced CVD rates. The salutary effects
of nuts, together with the demonstration that, in spite of their high energy content,
they do not promote adiposity and may help control body weight, has informed
many lifestyle guidelines worldwide aimed at preventing CVD. Thus far, the FDA
has approved three qualifed health claims for nuts in general and walnuts and maca-
damias in particular, whereas the EFSA has approved one authorized health claim
for walnuts.
Concerning dried fruits, the scientifc evidence is more limited and less con-
clusive, but in recent years several studies have suggested their potential health
benefts for glucose metabolism and other cardiovascular risk factors, as well as for
osteoporosis, constipation, and other common disorders typically affecting people
in developed countries. There is only one health claim approved by the EFSA for
dried fruits, which refers to prunes and gastrointestinal health.
This book consists of 23 chapters divided into two sections preceded by an
introductory chapter (Chapter 1). Section I includes 12 chapters on nuts (Chapters
2–13), and Section II includes 10 chapters on dried fruits (Chapters 14–23). The mul-
tifunctional health benefts of the most popular tree nuts (such as almonds, Brazil
nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias, pecans, pistachios, and walnuts), peanuts
(a legume that is included in the nut group because of a similar nutrient compo-
sition and health effects), and dried fruits (such as apricots, dates, fgs, prunes,
and raisins) are reviewed thoroughly. Where available, information on the health
benefts of the least popular nuts and dried fruits is also covered. In addition, the
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