Table Of ContentHazmatology
The Science of Hazardous Materials
Hazmatology: The Science of Hazardous Materials,
Five-Volume Set
9781138316072
Volume One - Chronicles of Incidents and Response
9781138316096
Volume Two - Standard of Care and Hazmat Planning
9781138316768
Volume Three - Applied Chemistry and Physics
9781138316522
Volume Four - Common Sense Emergency Response
9781138316782
Volume Five - Hazmat Team Spotlight
9781138316812
Common Sense
Emergency Response
Robert A. Burke
CRC Press
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Dedication
Volume Four
James W. Covington
On February 24, 1978, following the Waverly, TN derailment
and explosion, for which the Memphis Fire Department provided
mutual aid, Memphis began looking at ideas for the formation
of a hazardous materials response team in Memphis. Captain
James Covington, Charles Smith, and Chief Adelman, Chief
of Training, spearheaded the Memphis hazmat team formation
in the Spring of 1978. When he retired from Memphis Fire
Department, Jim went on to become a hazmat instructor at
the National Fire Academy, where he taught drawing from his
Memphis hazmat experience and established himself as a national
leader in the instruction of hazmat. That is where I met Jim, and
we became friends after I took one of his hazmat tactics classes.
His down-to-earth and knowledgeable style of teaching made his
classes interesting and informative. Jim has since passed away,
but his mark on hazardous materials response will live on.
Contents
Preface ..............................................................................................................xiii
Acknowledgements .........................................................................................xv
Author ...............................................................................................................xix
Common Sense Emergency Response ����������������������������������������������������������1
Developing an Emergency Response Plan .....................................................5
OSHA CFR 1910.120 (q)(2) .................................................................................5
Step 1: Form a Collaborative Planning Team .................................................6
Step 2: Understand the Situation .....................................................................6
Step 3: Determine Goals and Objectives ........................................................7
Step 4: Plan Development .................................................................................7
Step 5: Preparation, Review, and Approval ....................................................8
Write the Plan ................................................................................................8
Approve the Plan ...........................................................................................9
Step 6: Plan Implementation and Maintenance ...........................................10
Training .............................................................................................................10
Trainers .........................................................................................................10
OSHA Training Levels CFR 1910.120(q) ........................................................11
Awareness ....................................................................................................11
Operations ....................................................................................................12
OSHA Formal Interpretation of Awareness/Operations Level .......13
Technician ....................................................................................................14
Specialist .......................................................................................................15
Incident Commander ..................................................................................16
Refresher Training ......................................................................................17
First Communication of Hazardous Materials Incident ............................17
It Begins with a Call ....................................................................................17
Preparing Dispatchers for Hazmat & Terrorism ....................................18
Gathering Information...........................................................................18
Outside Resources ..................................................................................20
Decision Trees. ..................................................................................................22
Decision Tree Construction Steps .............................................................22
vii
viii Contents
Checklists .....................................................................................................24
Response to Hazardous Materials Incidents ...............................................28
Recognition ..................................................................................................29
Clues to Hazardous Materials Presence .............................................30
Occupancy/Location ..............................................................................30
Modes of Transportation .......................................................................31
Container Shapes and Sizes ..................................................................31
Bulk Petroleum Storage .........................................................................53
Portable Containers ................................................................................62
Markings and Colors .............................................................................66
Notification ..............................................................................................72
Identification ................................................................................................73
Hints to Hazardous Materials Presence .............................................73
Railcar Marking Requirements ............................................................74
DOT Placards and Labels ......................................................................75
DOT Hazard Classes ..............................................................................75
Placards and Labels................................................................................78
DOT Emergency Response Guidebook ...............................................85
Evolution of the Emergency Response Guidebook ...........................87
Initial Response Actions ........................................................................88
Notification ...................................................................................................89
National Response Center .....................................................................89
CHEMTREC ............................................................................................90
Emergency Call Center ..........................................................................90
CHEMTREC History..............................................................................91
Assistance for Responders ....................................................................95
CHEMTREC Website .............................................................................96
Protection .....................................................................................................96
Protecting the Public ..............................................................................99
Evacuation ...............................................................................................99
Shelter in Place ......................................................................................101
Awareness- and Operations-Level Training ....................................104
Technician Level Response ...........................................................................105
Hazardous Materials Team Tool Box .....................................................105
Risk–Benefit Analysis ....................................................................................107
Risk Assessment .............................................................................................107
Vulnerability ..............................................................................................107
Thermal: Hot or Cold ................................................................................108
Mechanical .................................................................................................108
Toxic ............................................................................................................108
Corrosive.....................................................................................................109
Asphyxiation, Both Chemical and Simple ........................................109
Radiation ....................................................................................................109
Etiological (Biological) or Infectious Substance ...............................109
Contents ix
Consequences ............................................................................................109
Likelihood ...................................................................................................110
Decision Making Process ...............................................................................110
Physical ........................................................................................................110
Technical ......................................................................................................110
Cognitive .....................................................................................................110
Recognition Primed Decision Model ......................................................111
Traditional Decision Making Models ......................................................111
D.E.C.I.D.E. .............................................................................................112
Detect the Presence of Hazardous Materials ...................................112
Estimate Likely Harm Without Intervention ...................................112
Choose Response Objectives ..............................................................112
Identify Action Options .......................................................................112
Do Best Option .......................................................................................113
Evaluate Progress ..................................................................................113
GEMBO ...................................................................................................114
GEDAPER ...............................................................................................115
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) .....................................................116
Bulletproof Vests....................................................................................116
Rapid Recon/Rescue in a Chemical Agent Environment the
3/30 Rule .................................................................................................118
Military Agent PPE ...............................................................................118
NIOSH Biological Agent Protective Equipment ...............................119
Monitoring and Detection Instruments ............................................121
Types of Container Failure .......................................................................123
B.L.E.V.E. .................................................................................................123
Container Rupture................................................................................125
Boiler-Type Explosion ..........................................................................126
Flammable Liquid Fire Phenomena ..................................................127
Decontamination .......................................................................................128
Common Sense Decontamination .....................................................128
Conventional Decontamination .........................................................136
Technical Decontamination ................................................................138
Emergency Decontamination .............................................................139
Mass Decontamination ........................................................................144
Dry Decontamination Wipes ..............................................................149
Military Agent Decontamination .......................................................152
Robots..........................................................................................................152
Pentagon Force Protection Team ........................................................152
Philadelphia Hazmat Robot ................................................................157
THOR/SAFFiR ......................................................................................158
Thermite Robot .....................................................................................159
Turbine Aided Firefighting Machine (TAF 20) .................................159
Fire Ox ....................................................................................................159
