Hazardous Waste Compliance

293 Pages·2001·15.83 MB·English

Hazardous Waste Compliance
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Hazardous Waste
Compliance
CLIFFORD M. FLORCZAK
JAMES E. ROUGHTON
I~UTTERWORTH
i~ lE ! N E M A N N
Boston Oxford Auckland Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi
Copyright �9 2001 by Butterworth-Heinemann
- ~ A member of the Reed Elsevier Group
All rights reserved.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Florczak, Clifford M., 1951-
Hazardous waste compliance / Clifford M. Florczak, James E. Roughton.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-7506-7436-9 (alk. paper)
1. Hazardous substances--United States. 2. Hazardous substances--
Safety measures--Government policy--United States. 3. Hazardous waste
site remediation--United States--Safety measures. I. Roughton, James E.
II. Title.
T55.3.H3 F585 2001
363.72'879'0973--dc21
2001025478
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Printed in the United States of America
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Safety Culture
1.2 Scope and Objective
1.3 Hazard-Based Approach
1.4 Organization and Planning
1.5 Training
1.6 Hazard Characterization and Exposure
Assessment 9
1.7 Site-Specific Health and Safety Plan 10
1.8 Decontamination 10
1.9 Medical Surveillance Programs 11
1.10 Emergency Preparedness and Response 11
References 11
Chapter 2 Compliance Issues 12
2.1 Application 15
2.2 Health and Safety-Related Programs 17
2.3 Process Safety 18
2.4 Interpretation and Guidance 18
2.5 Non-RCRA-Permitted TSDs 19
2.6 Construction 19
2.7 Laboratory Activities 20
2.8 Work Control System 21
2.9 Case Histories 21
References 25
Chapter 3 Planning Activities 27
3.1 Safety and Health Program Development 27
3.2 Roles and Responsibilities 28
3.3 Contractor Oversight and Work Control 29
3.4 Project Team Organization 31
3.4.1 Project Manager 32
3.4.2 Site Manager 33
3.4.3 Site Health and Safety Officer 33
3.4.4 Health and Safety Manager 36
vi Hazardous Waste Compliance
3.4.5 Subcontractors, Visitors, and Other
On-Site Personnel 36
3.4.6 Occupational Physician 37
3.5 Communication 37
3.6 Security Issues 37
3.7 Hazard Characterization and Exposure
Assessment 38
3.8 Work Plan 39
3.9 Using Lessons Learned 39
3.10 Client Review 41
References 41
Chapter 4 Conducting a Job Hazard Analysis 42
4.1 Why Does a Job Hazard Analysis Work? 42
4.2 Selecting the Jobs for Analysis 43
4.3 Employee Participation 44
4.4 Conducting a JHA 45
4.5 Breaking Down the Job 46
4.6 Identifying Job Hazards 47
4.7 Recommending Safe Procedures and
Protection 48
4.8 Revising the JHA 49
4.9 Process Hazard Analysis 49
4.10 Summary 52
Reference 53
Chapter 5 Developing a Site-Specific Health and Safety Plan 54
5.1 Identifying Resources 54
5.2 Understanding the Scope of Work 55
5.3 HASP Preparation 56
5.4 Hazard Characterization and Exposure 59
5.4.1 Radiological Hazards 59
5.4.2 Exposure Monitoring 60
5.5 Chemical Handling Procedures 62
5.5.1 Airborne Dust 62
5.6 Work Zones 63
5.6.1 Exclusion Zone 63
5.6.2 Contamination Reduction Zone/Corridor 64
5.6.3 Support Zone 65
5.7 Worker Comfort Areas 66
5.8 Lessons Learned 66
5.9 Training 68
Contents vii
5.10 Determining Applicability of Other
Regulations and Requirements 69
References 71
Chapter 6 Development of a Site-Specific Health and
Safety Plan 72
6.1 Length 72
6.2 Specific HASP Wording 73
6.3 Elements 73
6.3.1 Cover Sheets 74
6.3.2 Introduction 75
6.3.3 Site Description/Background Information 76
6.3.4 Project Personnel and Responsibilities 77
6.3.5 Site Control/Work Zones 81
6.3.6 Buddy System 81
6.3.7 Decontamination Procedures 81
6.3.8 Training 82
6.3.9 Medical Surveillance 83
6.3.10 Emergency Treatment 87
References 88
Chapter 7 Implementing the Safety Plan 89
7.1 Orientation 89
7.2 Follow-Up 90
7.3 Inspection Program 90
7.4 Job Hazard Analysis 91
7.5 Team Make-Up 92
7.6 Assessing PPE 94
References 95
Chapter 8 Training Requirements 96
8.1 Systematic Approach to Training 96
8.2 General Training Requirements and
Guidelines 97
8.3 Supervised Field Experience 98
8.4 Training Certification 99
8.5 Specific Training Guidelines 100
8.6 Instructor/Trainer Qualification 101
8.7 Program and Course Evaluations 101
8.8 Emergency Response Training 101
8.9 Lessons Learned 102
Reference 106
viii Hazardous Waste Compliance
Chapter 9 Personal Protective Equipment 107
9.1 General Usage of PPE 107
9.2 Selecting PPE for Hazardous Waste
Activities 108
9.2.1 Level A 109
9.2.2 Level B 113
9.2.3 Level C 114
9.2.4 Level D 117
9.2.5 Modified Level D 119
9.3 Upgrading or Downgrading Levels of
Protection 120
9.4 Lessons Learned Regarding Levels A and B 123
9.4.1 More Lessons Learned 123
9.5 PPE Specifics for Nonhazardous Waste Sites 124
9.5.1 General Requirements 124
9.5.2 Compliance Requirements 125
9.5.3 Compliance Issues 126
9.5.4 Employee Training 127
9.5.5 Summary 128
9.5.6 Eye and Face Protection 129
9.6 Equipment Limitations 130
9.7 Respiratory Protection 132
9.7.1 Permissible Practice 138
9.7.2 Definitions 140
9.7.3 Respiratory Protection Program 142
9.7.4 Selection of Respiratory and Hazard
Evaluation 144
9.7.5 Protection against Gases and Vapors on
Atmospheres That Are Not IDLH 145
9.7.6 Medical Evaluations 145
9.7.7 Continuing Respirator Effectiveness 146
9.8 Lessons Learned 146
9.9 Head Protection 147
9.10 Foot and Hand Protection 147
9.10.1 Lessons Learned 147
References 148
Chapter 10 Decontamination Activities 149
10.1 Decontamination Strategy 150
10.1.1 Time Savings in Decontamination 150
10.2 Acceptable Decontamination Methods 152
10.2.1 Contact Time 152
10.2.2 Concentration 152
Contents ix
10.2.3 Temperature 153
10.2.4 Chemical Characteristics 153
10.2.5 Decontamination by Physical Means 153
10.3 Using Solutions, Chemicals, and Other
Materials 154
10.4 Determining Decontamination Effectiveness 156
10.4.1 Visual Observation 156
10.4.2 Wipe Sampling 156
10.5 Cleaning Solution Analysis 157
10.5.1 Permeation Testing 157
10.6 Defining Decontamination Areas 157
10.7 Emergency Decontamination Procedures 157
10.8 Identification of Decontamination Hazards 158
10.9 Protection of Decontamination Workers 159
10.10 Disposal Methods 159
10.11 Equipment Decontamination 160
10.12 Sanitation 161
10.13 Waste Minimization 162
References 163
Chapter 11 Emergency Preparedness and Response 164
11.1 Emergency Response 165
11.2 Applicability of Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act 168
11.3 SARA Title III 169
11.3.1 Emergency Planning (EPCRA Sections
301-303) 169
11.3.2 Emergency Release Notification (EPCRA
Section 304) 170
11.3.3 Community Right-To-Know Reporting
Requirements (EPCRA Sections 311-312) 170
11.3.4 Toxic Chemical Release Inventory (EPCRA
Section 313) 170
11.4 Emergency Action Plan 171
11.5 Emergency Response Plan 172
11.5.1 Emergency Response Organization 173
11.6 Emergency Equipment and Personal
Protective Equipment 174
11.7 Medical Surveillance 175
11.8 Emergency Medical Treatment, Transport,
and First Aid 176
References 176