Table Of ContentHands-On
Software
Architecture
with Java
Learn key architectural techniques and strategies to
design efficient and elegant Java applications
Giuseppe Bonocore
BIRMINGHAM—MUMBAI
Hands-On Software Architecture with Java
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Contributors
About the author
Giuseppe Bonocore is a solution architect dealing with application development, Java
technology, JBoss middleware, and Kubernetes projects since 2014. He has more than 10
years of experience in open source software, in different roles. His professional experience
includes Red Hat, Accenture, and Docomo Digital, covering many technical leadership
roles and deploying huge open source projects across Europe.
I want to thank the people who have been close to me and supported me,
especially my wife.
About the reviewer
Andres Sacco is a technical lead at MercadoLibre and has experience in different
languages, such as Java, PHP, and Node.js. In his previous job, he helped to find alternative
ways to optimize the transference of data between microservices, which helps to reduce
the cost of infrastructure by 55%. Also, he has dictated some internal courses about new
technologies, and he has written some articles on Medium.
Stefano Violetta is a creative backend developer with over 14 years of expertise in
software development and architecture, managing all stages of the development cycle; he
has worked in many different companies, from start-ups to tech giants such as eBay. He
likes putting together well-written code that helps to create advanced applications that
are fit for purpose, functionally correct, and meet the user's precise needs. On a personal
level, he possesses really strong interpersonal skills, being respectful and collaborative. He
lives (and works) in the suburbs of Milan, Italy, with his wife and two kids. When he isn't
dealing with software, he likes to read and watch movies.
Table of Contents
Preface
Section 1: Fundamentals of Software
Architectures
1
Designing Software Architectures in Java – Methods
and Styles
The importance of The changing role of Java
software architecture 4 in cloud-native applications 13
The objectives of architecture Why Java technology is still
design in the software life cycle 4 relevant today 13
The software architect – role Java usage in enterprise
and skills 6 environments 14
Is architecture design still relevant in JEE evolution and criticism 15
modern development? 6 Introducing cloud-native Java 17
The Java microservices
Different types of architecture
ecosystem 19
design – from doodling on
paper to more accurate Case studies and examples 20
modeling 7
Case study – mobile payments 20
Sketching the main architectural Whiteboarding the overall
components 8 architecture 21
Other kinds of architectural Software components
diagrams 9 diagram 22
Common types of architectural Summary 24
diagrams 10
Further reading 25
viii Table of Contents
2
Software Requirements – Collecting, Documenting, Managing
Introducing requirements The 830-1998 standard 46
engineering 29 The 29148 standard 47
Feature, Advantage, and Benefit 29
Collecting requirements –
Features and technical
formats and tools 48
requirements 31
Software requirements data
Types and characteristics of
to collect 48
requirements 32
Collecting software requirements
The life cycle of a requirement 34
in spreadsheets 50
Discovering and collecting Specialized tools for software
requirements 36 requirements management 50
Spreadsheets versus tools 51
The lean canvas 37
Event Storming 39
Validating requirements 52
More discovery practices 41
Case studies and
Analyzing requirements 43 examples 53
Checking for coherence and The mobile payment application
feasibility 43 example 53
Checking for explicitness and
Event Storming for peer-
testability 44
to-peer payments 56
Checking non-functional
requirements and constraints 44 Requirements spreadsheet 57
Specifying requirements Summary 58
according to the IEEE Further reading 58
standard 45
3
Common Architecture Design Techniques
Introducing marchitectures Class diagrams 65
– impactful and purely Sequence diagram 66
demonstrative schemas 60 Wrapping up on UML 67
Familiarizing ourselves
Exploring ArchiMate 67
with UML notation 61
The ArchiMate Core and
Understanding the background
Full Frameworks 68
to UML 62
Table of Contents ix
Navigating the ArchiMate DMN 78
language tree 70 arc42 78
Comparing ArchiMate to UML 72
Case studies and
Comparing ArchiMate to TOGAF 73
examples 79
Introducing the C4 model 73
UML class diagrams for mobile
Exploring the C4 model 73 payments 79
Filling in the different levels 75 C4 diagrams for mobile
payments 81
Other modeling
techniques 76 Summary 84
BPMN 76 Further reading 84
4
Best Practices for Design and Development
Understanding Domain Comparing DDD, TDD,
Driven Design 86 and BDD 100
The anemic domain model 87
Learning about user
Understanding ubiquitous story mapping 100
language 87
The MVP 103
Getting familiar with layered
architecture 89 Case studies and
Learning about the domain examples 103
model 91
The mobile payments domain
Glancing at DDD patterns 94
model 104
Bounded Context 95
The layered architecture of
mobile payments 104
Introducing Test Driven
BDD of mobile payments 106
Development 97
User story mapping of mobile
Exploring Behavior
payments 107
Driven Development 99
Summary 109
Further reading 109
5
Exploring the Most Common Development Models
Learning about Code Glancing at the Waterfall
and Fix 112 model 113
x Table of Contents
Advantages and disadvantages Advantages and disadvantages
of the Waterfall model 115 of Scrum 129
Understanding the Agile Learning about other
methodology 116 Agile practices 130
The Agile principles 117 Kaizen 130
Planning Poker 131
Introducing Lean
Kanban board 132
software development 118
Burndown chart 133
Eliminating waste 118
Deciding as late as possible 121 Understanding DevOps
Delivering as fast as possible 121 and its siblings 135
Optimizing the whole product 122 DevOps team size 135
Pros and cons of Lean Roles and responsibilities in
development 122 a DevOps team 136
Devs, Ops, and more 137
Exploring Scrum 123
DevOps and the bigger
Understanding the Scrum organization 138
teams 124
Pros and cons of DevOps 139
Learning about Scrum Events 125
Understanding Scrum Case studies and examples 140
artifacts 128 Summary 140
Further reading 141
Section 2: Software Architecture Patterns
6
Exploring Essential Java Architectural Patterns
Encapsulation and Client-side MVC 154
hexagonal architectures 146
Diving into event-driven
Hexagonal architectures and
and reactive approaches 154
Domain Driven Design 148
Defining events, commands,
Encapsulation and microservices 148
and messages 155
Learning about multi-tier Introducing the event-driven
architectures 149 pattern and event-driven
architecture 156
Exploring Model View
Controller 151 Designing for large-scale
Server-side MVC 153 adoption 163
Table of Contents xi
Defining performance goals 163 Encapsulating with a
Stateless 166 hexagonal architecture 171
Data 167 Componentizing with
Scaling 169 multi-tier architecture 172
Planning for performance
Case studies and and scalability 174
examples 170
Summary 176
Further reading 177
7
Exploring Middleware and Frameworks
Technical requirements 180 MicroProfile specifications 201
Introducing the JEE
Exploring Quarkus 202
standard 180
Better performances 203
Diving into JEE implementations 181
Developer joy 203
Introducing the WildFly Quarkus – hello world 204
application server 182 Building techniques with
Quarkus 206
Exploring the WildFly
Configuration management
architecture 182
in Quarkus 207
Running the WildFly server 184
Most common Quarkus
Understanding the most
extensions 208
common JEE APIs 185
Content Dependency Injection 208
Dependency injection 185
REST services with JAX-RS 209
Jakarta RESTful Web Services 188
WebSockets 209
WebSocket 192
Messaging 210
Messaging 193
Persistence 211
Persistence 195
Accelerated ORM development
What's missing in Java EE 196
with Panache 211
What's great about Java EE 198
Quarkus and the
Going beyond Java
MicroProfile standard 214
Enterprise Edition 198
Case studies and examples 214
Packaging microservices
applications 199 Summary 222
Introducing MicroProfile 200
Further reading 223
