Handbook To Life In Medieval And Early Modern Japan (Handbook to Life)

432 Pages·2005·30.14 MB·English

by  William E. Deal

HANDBOOK TO LIFE
IN MEDIEVAL AND
EARLY MODERN JAPAN

HANDBOOK TO LIFE
IN MEDIEVAL AND
EARLY MODERN JAPAN
WILLIAM E. DEAL
Case Western Reserve University
Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan
Copyright © 2006 by William E. Deal
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Deal, William E.
Handbook to life in medieval and early modern Japan / William E. Deal.
p. cm. — (Handbook to life)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8160-5622-6 (alk. paper)
1. Japan—Civilization—To 1868. 2. Japan—History—1185-1868. I. Title. II. Series.
DS822.2.D33 2005
952’.02—dc22 2005003371
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Text design by Cathy Rincon
Cover design by Semadar Megged
Illustrations by Jeremy Eagle
Printed in the United States of America
VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
For Moriyama Tae

C
ONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix 4 SOCIETY AND ECONOMY 107
Society 108
LIST OF MAPS x Women 115
Social Protest 117
Economy 119
LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS x
Reading 129
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi
5 WARRIORS AND WARFARE
BY LISA J. ROBERTSON 131
INTRODUCTION xiii Warrior History 132
Warrior Ethics 138
1 HISTORICAL CONTEXT 1 Martial Arts and Weaponry 149
Historical Survey 2 Armor, Helmets, and Shields 167
Biographies of Historical Figures 21 Fortifications 173
Reading 51 Warrior Ranks and Hierarchy 174
Battle Tactics 178
2 LAND, ENVIRONMENT, AND Wars and Battles 182
POPULATION 53 Reading 184
Landscape and Environment 54
City, Town, and Countryside 60 6 RELIGION 187
Population Statistics 62 Introduction 188
Gazetteer of Place-names 63 Shinto Traditions 190
Reading 85 Japanese Buddhist Traditions 202
Christianity 217
3 GOVERNMENT 87 Role of Women 218
Imperial and Military Rule 88 Reading 219
Structure of the Imperial Court 89
Structure of the Shogunates 92 7 PHILOSOPHY, EDUCATION,
Law, Crime, and Punishment 101 AND SCIENCE 221
Reading 105 Philosophy 222
Education 227 11 TRAVEL AND COMMUNICATION 325
Science 231 Introduction 326
Reading 240 Land Travel and Communication 327
Maritime Travel and Communication 333
8 LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE 241 Reading 338
Language 242
Literature 249 12 EVERYDAY LIFE 339
Reading 260 The Family 340
The Home 342
9 PERFORMING ARTS 263 Marriage and Divorce 345
Introduction 264 Sexuality 346
Musical Instruments 265 Pregnancy and Childbirth 347
Music and Dance 267 Food and Drink 348
Religious Performing Arts 270 Dress and Personal Appearance 350
Theater 272 Sports and Diversions 353
Street Entertainers and Calendar 355
Storytellers 281 Festivals and Yearly Rituals 355
Reading 282 Death and Dying 358
Reading 359
10 ART AND ARCHITECTURE
WITH LISA J. ROBERTSON 283 LIST OF MUSEUMS 361
Introduction 284
Art 287 BIBLIOGRAPHY 363
Tea and Related Arts 302
Architecture 307 INDEX 383
Reading 324
L I
IST OF LLUSTRATIONS
Warriors defend Uraga Bay from Admiral Perry 20 Warrior in a fixed shield defensive position 179
Minamoto no Yoritomo (1147–99) 37 Warrior procession 181
Tomoe Gozen (late 12th century), famed Warrior with head of his defeated enemy 182
woman warrior 49 Buddhist protective deity 192
Leisure-time boating on the Sumida River 56 Sake barrels given as shrine offerings 195
Thatch roof construction 59 Ema 196
Black pines at Ginkakuji 60 Hotei, one of the seven gods of good fortune 198
Dragonfly 61 Inari shrine 199
Amusement area in the city of Edo 63 Atagoyama Shrine 200
Edo shop 68 Zen Buddhist meditation hall 209
Edo street scene 69 Amida Buddha 211
Edo-period-style storefront 75 Bodhisattva Jizo 212
Edo-period local government building 99 Bodhisattva Kannon 213
A device used to apprehend criminals 102 Buddhist temple altar 215
A basket used to transport criminals 103 Edo-period astronomical observatory 238
“Welcoming cat” (maneki neko) 113 Writing set, including brush and inkstone 247
Interior of an artisan’s woodworking shop 114 Poet-priest Saigyo (1118–1190) 250
Edo-period rice riot 119 Edo-period musical instruments 265
Scale used in the conduct of business 123 Musician playing a biwa 266
Measure used in the conduct of business 123 Drum 267
Edo shop front 124 Nakamuraza, a Kabuki theater 277
Rice used for paying taxes 125 Scene from an Edo-period Kabuki play 278
Edo-period coins 126 Bell tower and temple bell 311
Warriors preparing for battle 150 Ginkakuji, in Kyoto 312
Warrior with bow and arrows 153 Shinto shrine gate 314
Sword blades with heat-tempered patterns 160 Main tower of Himeji Castle 317
Warrior with polearm 161 Wall of the main tower at Himeji Castle 318
Warrior holding a spear 163 Wall and gate at Himeji Castle 319
Ninja 165 Ho Gate at Himeji Castle 320
Armor 168 Warriors firing from castle weapon portals 321
Warrior wearing face mask 170 Edo domain lord residence 322
Buddhist warrior-monk 176 Edo-period woodcutter’s house 322
Kamakura-period foot soldier 177 Edo-period farmhouse 323
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
ix