Handbook of Word-Formation

477 Pages·2005·10.46 MB·English

by  Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy (auth.)

HANDBOOKOFWORD-FORMATION
Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory
VOLUME 64
Managing Editors
Marcel den Dikken,City University of New York
Liliane Haegeman, University of Lille
Joan Maling, Brandeis University
Editorial Board
Guglielmo Cinque, University of Venice
Carol Georgopoulos, University of Utah
Jane Grimshaw,Rutgers University
Michael Kenstowicz,Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Hilda Koopman, University of California, Los Angeles
Howard Lasnik,University of Maryland
Alec Marantz,Massachusetts Institute of Technology
John J. McCarthy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Ian Roberts,University of Cambridge
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
HANDBOOK
OF WORD-FORMATION
Edited by
PAVOLŠTEKAUER
Pre oov University, Pree ov, Slovakia
and
ROCHELLE LIEBER
University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, U.S.A.
AC.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 1-4020-3597-7 (PB)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3597-5(PB)
ISBN-10 1-4020-3595-0(HB)
ISBN-10 1-4020-3596-9 (e-book)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3595-1(HB)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3596-8(e-book)
Published by Springer,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands.
www.springeronline.com
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 2005 Springer
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording
or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception
of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered
and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
Printed in the Netherlands.
CONTENTS
PREFACE xvii
CONTRIBUTORS 1
ANDREW CARSTAIRS-MCCARTHY: BASIC TERMINOLOGY 5
1. The notion of the linguistic sign 5
1.1 EVIDENCE FOR THE MORPHEME-AS-SIGN POSITION IN
SAUSSURE’SCOURS 7
1.2EVIDENCE FOR THE WORD-AS-SIGN POSITION IN
SAUSSURE’SCOURS 8
2. Morpheme and word 10
2.1 CASE STUDY: ENGLISH NOUN PLURAL FORMS (PART 1) 11
2.2CASESTUDY: THE PERFECT PARTICIPLE FORMSOF
ENGLISHVERBS 14
2.3 CASE STUDY: ENGLISH NOUN PLURAL FORMS (PART2) 17
2.4COMPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION AND INFLECTION
VERSUS DERIVATION 18
3. ‘Morphemes’ since the 1960s 20
ELLEN M.K AISSE: WORD-FORMATION AND PHONOLOGY 25
1. Introduction 25
vi CONTENTS
2. Effects of lexical category, morphological structure, and affix type on
phonology 26
2.1 EFFECTS OF LEXICAL CATEGORY AND OF
MORPHOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 26
2.2 COHERING AND NON-COHERING AFFIXES 28
3. Morphology limited by the phonological form of the base of affixation 32
4. Lexical phonology and morphology and its ills 34
5. More recent developments of lexical phonology and morphology 38
6. Howdo relatedwords affecteachottther? The cycle, transderivational
effects, paradigm uniformity and the like 39
7. Dothecoheringaffixes ffformacoherentset?Splitbases, SUBCATWORD
and phonetics in morphology 41
8. Conclusion 45
GREGORYSTUMP :WORD-FORMATION AND INFLECTIONAL
MORPHOLOGY 49
1. The conceptual difference between inflection and word-formation 49
2. The inflectional categories of English 50
3. Practical criteria for distinguishing inflection from word-formation 53
4. Practical criteria for distinguishing inflectional periphrases 59
5. Some similarities between inflection and word-formation 60
6. Complex interactions between inflection and word-formation 61
7. Inflectional paradigms and word-formation paradigms 65
7.1 PARADIGMS AND HEAD MARKING IN INFLECTION AND
DERIVATION 65
7.2 PARADIGMS AND BLOCKING IN INFLECTION AND
DERIVATION 67
CONTENTS vii
ANDREWSPENCER: WORD-FORMATION ANDSYNTAX 73
1. Introduction 73
2. Lexical relatedness and syntax 74
2.1 MORPHOTACTICS IN CLASSICALUSSTRUCTURALISM 74
2.2 MORPHOLOGY ASSYNTAX 74
2.3 LEXICAL INTEGRITY 78
3. Syntactic phenomena inside words 82
4. Argument structure realization 83
4.1 DEVERBAL MORPHOLOGY 83
4.1.1 Action nominals 83
4.1.2 Nominals denotinggrammatical functions 87
4.1.3 -able adjectives 88
4.2 SYNTHETIC COMPOUNDS AND NOUN INCORPORATION 88
5. Theoretical approaches to word formation 89
6. Summary and afterword 93
DIETER KASTOVSKY: HANS MARCHAND AND THE
MARCHANDEANS 99
1. Introduction 99
2. Hans Marchand 100
2.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 100
2.2 SYNCHRONIC APPROACH 100
2.3 MOTIVATION 101
2.4 MORPHONOLOGICAL ALTERNATIONS 102
2.5 THE CONCEPTOFSYNTAGMA 102
2.6GENERATIVE-TRANSFORMATIONAL INFLUENCE 104
2.7 ANALYSISOFCOMPOUNDS 105
2.8 PRECURSOROF LEXICALIST HYPOTHESIS 106
3. Klaus Hansen 107
3.1 GENERAL 107
3.2 WORD-FORMEDNESSVS.WORD-FORMATION 107
3.3 WORD-FORMATION PATTERN VS.WORD-FORMATION TYPE 108
3.4ONOMASIOLOGICAL APPROACHVS.SEMASIOLOGICAL
APPROACH 109
viii CONTENTS
4. Herbert Ernst Brekle 109
4.1 GENERAL 109
4.2 FRAMEWORK 110
4.3 BREKLE’S MODEL 110
4.4 PRODUCTION AND INTERPRETATIONOFCOMPOUNDS 112
5. Leonhard Lipka 112
5.1 GENERAL 112
5.2 THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT 113
6. Dieter Kastovsky 114
6.1 GENERAL 114
6.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 115
6.3WORD-FORMATION AT THE CROSSROADSOF
MORPHOLOGY, SYNTAX, SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND
THE LEXICON 116
7. Gabriele Stein (Lady Quirk) 116
8. Conclusion 118
TOM ROEPER: CHOMSKY’S REMARKS AND THE
TRANSFORMATIONALIST HYPOTHESIS 125
1. Nominalizations and Core Grammar 125
1.1 CORE CONTRAST 126
1.2 TRANSFORMATIONS 127
2. The Subject Enigma 128
2.1 PASSIVE -ABILITY NOMINALIZATIONS 130
2.2 -ING NOMINALIZATIONS 132
3. Case Assignment 133
3.1 COPING WITH EXCEPTIONS 133
3.2 THEMATIC-BINDING 134
4. Intriguing Issues: Aspectual Differentiation of Nominalization Affixes 136
5. Where do Affixes Attach? 138
6. Elaborated Phrase Structure and Nominalizations 141
6.1 BARE NOMINALS: PREDICTABLE RESTRICTIONS 142
6.2 HIGH -ING 143
6.3 ACCUSATIVE AND -ING NOMINALIZATIONS 143
CONTENTS ix
7. Conclusion 144
SERGIOSCALISE AND EMILIANO GUEVARA: THE LEXICALIST
APPROACH TO WORD-FORMATION AND THE NOTION OF
THE LEXICON 147
1. A definition 147
2. A Brief History 148
2.1 LEES (1960) 150
3. The Lexicon 151
4. Lexicalism 153
4.1 HALLE (1973) 153
4.2 ARONOFF (1976) 157
4.2.1The Word-based Hypothesis 157
4.2.2 Word-Formation Rules 158
4.2.3 Productivity 159
4.2.4 Restrictions on WFRs 159
4.2.5 Stratal features 161
4.2.6 Restrictions on the output of WFRs 162
4.2.7 Conditions 162
4.2.8 Summary on Word-Formation Rules 166
5. Some Major Issues 166
5.1 STRONG AND WEAK LEXICALISM 170
6. Moreon the Notionof Lexicon 171
7. Lexicalism Today 173
7.1 INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY 174
7.2 SYNTACTIC MORPHOLOGY 176
7.3 THE SYNTACTIC INCORPORATION HYPOTHESIS 176
7.4 WORD-FORMATION ASSYNTAX 178
7.5 DISTRIBUTED MORPHOLOGY 180
8. Conclusion 181
ROBERT BEARDAND MARK VOLPE: LEXEME-MORPHEME
BASE MORPHOLOGY 189
1. Introduction 189