Table Of ContentT H I R D E D I T I O N
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
T H I R D E D I T I O N
E D I T E D B Y
L e o M . L . N o l l e t
L e e n S . P. D e G e l d e r
Boca Raton London New York
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Contents
Preface ......................................................................................................................................................ix
Editors .......................................................................................................................................................xi
Contributors ............................................................................................................................................xiii
Section I Sampling and Data Treatment Methods
1. Sampling Methods in Surface Waters ............................................................................................3
Munro Mortimer, Jochen F. Müller, and Matthias Liess
2. Methods of Treatment of Data ......................................................................................................47
Riccardo Leardi
Section II Radioanalytical Analysis
3. Radioanalytical Methodology for Water Analysis ......................................................................79
Jorge S. Alvarado
Section III Organoleptical Analysis
4. Organoleptical Methodology ........................................................................................................101
Abdul Moheman, Md. Musawwer Khan, and K. S. Siddiqi
Section IV Analysis of Biological Parameters
5. Bacteriological Analysis of Water ................................................................................................115
Paulinus Chigbu and Salina Parveen
6. Marine Toxins Analysis ................................................................................................................153
Luis M. Botana, A. Alfonso, M. R. Vieytes, N. Vilariño, A. M. Botana, C. Louzao,
and C. Vale
7. Algal Analysis ................................................................................................................................163
Leonardo Rubi Rörig
Section V Halogens, N-Compounds, and Phosphates
8. Halogens .........................................................................................................................................189
Géza Nagy and Livia Nagy
9. Analysis of Sulfur Compounds in Water ...................................................................................233
Leo M. L. Nollet
v
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
vi Contents
10. Determination of Ammonia in Water Samples .........................................................................249
Juliana Antunes Galvão, Alexandre Matthiensen, Marília Oetterer, Y. Moliner-Martínez,
R. A. Gonzalez-Fuenzalida, M. Muñoz-Ortuño, R. Herráez-Hernández, J. Verdú-Andrés,
C. Molins-Legua, and P. Campíns Falcó
11. Nitrites and Nitrates .....................................................................................................................283
Adnan Aydın
12. Phosphates in Aquatic Systems ...................................................................................................327
Alexandre Matthiensen, Juliana Antunes Galvão, and Marília Oetterer
Section VI Cyanides, Asbestos, Metals, and Si-Compounds
13. Cyanides ........................................................................................................................................365
Leo M. L. Nollet
14. Asbestos in Water .........................................................................................................................379
James S. Webber
15. Heavy Metals, Major Metals, Trace Elements ..........................................................................385
Jorge E. Marcovecchio, Sandra E. Botté, Claudia E. Domini, and Rubén H. Freije
16. Determination of Silicon and Silicates ........................................................................................435
Salah M. Sultan
Section VII Organic Parameters
17. Main Parameters and Assays Involved with the Organic Pollution of Water .......................459
Lorena Vidal, Claudia E. Domini, and Antonio Canals
18. Determination of Organic Nitrogen in the Aquatic Environment ..........................................493
Juliana Antunes Galvão, Alexandre Matthiensen, and Marília Oetterer
19. Determination of Urea in Aquatic Samples ................................................................................511
Juliana Antunes Galvão, Alexandre Matthiensen, and Marília Oetterer
20. Organic Acids ................................................................................................................................521
Mercedes Gallego Fernández, Evaristo Ballesteros Tribaldo, and Beatriz Jurado Sánchez
21. Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water .......................................................549
Iván P. Román Falcó and Marta Nogueroles Moya
Section VIII Phenolic and Humic Compounds
22. Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Water ......................................................................613
Leo M. L. Nollet
23. Characterization of Humic Matter .............................................................................................647
Leo M. L. Nollet
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Contents vii
Section IX Residues of Pesticides
24. Determination of Pesticides in Water .........................................................................................665
Evaristo Ballesteros Tribaldo
25. Analysis of Herbicide and Fungicide Residues in Waters ........................................................697
N. Sridhara Chary, Maria Jose Gómez Ramos, and Amadeo R. Fernández-Alba
Section X Residues of PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFS, and PAHs
26. Analysis of PCBs in Waters .........................................................................................................765
L. Bartolomé, O. Zuloaga, and N. Etxebarria
27. PCDDs and PCDFs ......................................................................................................................789
Luigi Turrio-Baldassarri, Paola Pettine, and Laura Achene
28. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons .........................................................................................807
Chimezie Anyakora
Section XI Surfactants and Petroleum Hydrocarbon Analysis
29. Surfactants ....................................................................................................................................825
Eva Pocurull and Rosa Maria Marcé
30. Petroleum Hydrocarbon Analysis...............................................................................................845
Iván P. Román Falcó
Section XII EDCs and Residues of Plastics
31. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, and Personal Care Products ..............871
Dimitra A. Lambropoulou and Eleni Evgenidou
32. Residues of Plastics .......................................................................................................................917
Dimitra A. Lambropoulou and Eleni Evgenidou
Index ......................................................................................................................................................943
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Preface
The Handbook of Water Analysis, Third Edition, strives to provide the most comprehensive text
available in terms of the physicochemical and biological properties and analysis techniques of all types
of water.
Organized in sections, most chapters cover the physical, chemical, and other relevant properties of
a particular subset of water components, followed by a description of sampling, cleanup, extraction,
and derivatization procedures, and concluding with detection methods. Earlier techniques that are still
frequently in use are compared to recently developed protocols, and an outlook is provided on future
trends. Figures are incorporated to provide procedure flow charts and schematics concerning sampling
or analytical devices. Numerous tables categorizing methods according to type of component, origin of
the water sample, parameters and procedures used, and application range, facilitate the search for further
references.
Section I of the book lays out two crucial aspects besides the actual analysis procedures. Sound scien-
tific investigation starts with a sampling strategy designed to capture the real-world situation as closely
as possible, and ends with an adequate chemometrical and statistical treatment of the acquired data.
Section II summarizes health and environmental problems due to radionuclides in water and presents
new techniques for their determination.
Section III regarding organoleptical analysis of water acknowledges that ultimately the consumers of
drinking water have the final vote over its quality regarding odor, flavor, and color.
Water houses many organisms, of which the smallest may cause illness and produce toxic substances.
Section IV discusses bacteriological and algal analysis, as well as the occurrence and detection of marine
toxins.
Sections V through XII encompass harmful or toxic components originating from domestic, agricul-
tural, or industrial sources that can be found in different waters. Inorganic substances include nitrogen,
sulfur, phosphate, silica, and halogenated compounds, cyanides, (heavy) metals, and asbestos. Organic
compounds comprise organic nitrogen and acids, volatile and phenolic compounds, and humic mat-
ter. The main groups of anthropogenic polluting compounds are discussed: pesticides, PCBs, PCDDs,
PCDFS, PAHs, petroleum hydrocarbons, and surfactants.
Specific chapters in these sections are also dedicated to the challenging category of micropollut-
ants, such as endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceutical and personal care products and plastic
residues.
This book aims to be a reference work for anybody learning about or carrying out water analysis, from
undergraduate and graduate students to scientific researchers and technicians in academic, governmen-
tal, industrial, or nonprofit sectors.
All contributors are international experts in their field of water analysis, whom we would like to thank
cordially for all their efforts.
This book is dedicated to three granddaughters, Fara, Fleur, and Kato, and two grandsons Naut and
Roel and two daughters, Hanne and Mona, for whom we wish that they can always enjoy fresh, clean
water in their lifetime.
It is far more impressive when others discover your good qualities without your help.
— Judith Martin
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© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
