HANDBOOK OF VEGETABLES VOLUME. 3

822 Pages·14.281 MB·English

by  PETER K. V. ET.AL

Dedication
Dedicated to the Vegetable Scientists of the world
Handbook of Vegetables
Vol. III
by
Prof (Dr.) K.V. Peter
Former Vice Chancellor
Kerala Agricultural University
Director, World Noni Research Foundations
No. 12, Srinivasa Nagar, 2nd Street
World Wellness Open University Building
Rajive Gandhi Road, Old Mahabalipuram Road
Perungudi, Chennai – 600096, India
Prof. (Dr.) Pranab Hazra
Professor, Department of Vegetable Crops
and
Former Dean, Faculty of Horticulture
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya
Mohanpur – 741252, West Bengal, India
Handbook of Vegetables
Vol. III
© 2014
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded
sources. Reprinted material from authentic sources which are acknowledged
and indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have
been made to publish reliable data and information, but the editors and the
publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the
consequences of their use.
All rights are reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright
Conventions. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study,
research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, 1956, no
part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted, in any form or by any means–electronic, electrical, chemical,
mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise–without the prior
permission of the copyright owner.
ISBN : 1-62699-039-5
SERIES ISBN : 1-62699-037-9
e-ISBN : 1-62699-168-5
e-SERIES -ISBN : 1-62699-165-0
Published by:
STUDIUM PRESS LLC
P.O. Box 722200, Houston, TX 77072 - U.S.A.
Tel: [phone], Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://www.studiumpress.in
Printed at India
Foreword
Vegetables constitute the backbone of our nutrition security system.
Our country suffers not only from protein-calorie under-nutrition, but
also from extensive micro-nutrient malnutrition. For example, the
diets of the poor lack iron, iodine, zinc, vitamin A and Vitamin B12.
As Mahatma Gandhi said, “nature provides for everyone’s need but
not for everyone’s greed”. Thus, in nature there are horticultural
remedies for all major nutritional maladies. It is in this context that
the present Hand Book of Vegetables edited by Prof K.V. Peter and
Prof Pranab Hazra is a timely and welcome contribution. A wide
range of crops and production related issues have been covered in
this book by eminent authorities on the subject. The book is a
testimony to our horticultural wealth. We have great opportunities to
achieve a malnutrition free India through community efforts in the
area of conservation, cultivation, consumption and commerce with
reference to the crops covered in this book.
The biodiversity available in major vegetable crops is also
described. The egg plant, for example, contains enormous genetic
variability. This is why environmental groups are opposed to the
release of Bt brinjal, since they are afraid that monoculture with one
or two Bt brinjal hybrids will lead to the displacement of thousands of
landraces and cultivars.
The Handbook provides very useful information on the drumstick
which has rich nutritive properties. In fact, a diet consisting of
drumstick and millet will help to provide most of the macro and
micronutrients required by the body. The book also refers to methods
of value addition and production of hybrid seeds and hence it will be
of great help to all engaged in improving the productivity, profitability
and sustainability of vegetable cultivation in our country. The book
provides a road map for converting the bioresources available in
vegetables into jobs, income and nutrition. Thus the book shows the
pathway to an era of biohappiness where bioresources are
converted into nutrition, jobs and income in an environmentally
sustainable manner. We owe a deep debt of gratitude to Profs Peter
and Hazra for this labour of love to the farm families as well as all the
children, women and men of our country.
M S Swaminathan
M S Swaminathan Research Foundation
3rd Cross Street, Institutional Area
Taramani, Chennai – 600 113, India
About the Editors
Professor K.V. Peter, former Vice- Chancellor and Professor of
Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, India and
presently Director, World Noni Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil
Nadu is basically a teacher and an acknowledged Science manager.
Dr. Peter is Chairman, Research Advisory Committee, Indian
Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, India; Trustee, Federal
Ashwas Trust, Federal Bank, Aluva; Member Academic Council and
Board of Studies, IGNOU, New Delhi and Chairman, NAIP-Cashew,
CEPC, Quilon. He has been awarded various recognitions and
awards-Rafi Ahmad Kidwai Award, Dr M H Marigowda National
Award, HSI-Shivasakthi Award etc. He edited and/or written over 65
books-the most read one being the book ‘Plantation Crops’
published by National Book Trust of India, in three languages. He is
a Fellow of NAAS, NASI and NABS.
Dr. Pranab Hazra was born on 03 March 1960 in West Bengal. He
has illustrated professional career of more than 28 years in teaching
and research. He became Lecturer in Horticulture in 1985 and rose
to Professor in the Department of Vegetable Crops, Faculty of
Horticulture, BCKV in 1999. He was also the Dean, Faculty of
Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya. He has so far
guided 14 Ph. D. students and supervised 12 research projects
financed by different Governmental organizations. He is the host
scientist for an African researcher awarded C.V. Raman Fellowship
by DST and FICCI and Mentor of a post-doctoral fellow received
Woman scientist award by DBT. He has so far developed two non-
viny, photo insensitive and high yielding vegetable cowpea variety;
two tomato hybrids, one tolerant to leaf curl virus and other rich in
lycopene. Dr. Hazra outlined the method of vegetable cowpea
breeding, determined the nature of genetic control conditioning
functional male sterility in brinjal and parthenocarpy in tomato. He
has characterized several mutant lines of tomato. He is the technical
expert of Vegetable seed village under RKVY programme. He was
consultant technical expert for the study on the Feasibility of setting
up an Agri- Export zone for vegetables in West Bengal. He was the
member of the working Sub groups “Vegetable crops” for XI Five
year Plan, Planning Commission, Govt. of India and the working
groups “Vegetable Production” and “Seeds and Agricultural
Management” sub-Committee of the Agriculture Commission”, Govt.
of West Bengal. He has so far published 140 research papers in
National and International journal of repute and written 10 books, 18
book chapters in 15 books, 4 technical manuals and a number of
popular articles. He has so far visited Bangladesh, Israel, Poland,
Netherlands, Bulgaria, United Arab Emirates, Spain and Malayasia
under various assignments. He was Visiting Scientist to the Institute
of Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria. He is
the recipient of ICAR JRF, FAO Fellowship award and Dr. Kirti Singh
Gold medal of The Horticultural Society of India. He is the Fellow of
The Horticultural Society of India, Indian Society of Vegetable
Science and Member of the National Academy of Sciences, India.
List of Contributors
A.D. Munshi: Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Agricultural
Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi – 110012, India, E-mail:
[email protected]
A.S. Dhatt: Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural
University, Ludhiana –141004, E-mail: [email protected]
Ajay Bhardwaj: Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture,
Kerala, Agricultural University, India, E-mail:
[email protected]
Andreas W. Ebert: AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center, P.O. Box
42, Shanhua, Tainan – 74199, Taiwan, E-mail:
[email protected]
Arup Chattopadhyay: Incharge, AICRP Vegetable crops,
Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi
Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani – 741235, West Bengal, India, E– mail:
[email protected]
Astrit Balliu: Agricultural University of Tirana, Horticultural
Department (Head) Koder Kamez 1029, Tirana, Albania, E-
mail: [email protected]; astritballiu @yahoo.com
Avijit Kumar Dutta: School of Agriculture and Rural Development,
IRTDM Faculty Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda
University, Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Morabadi, Ranchi –
834008, Jharkhand, India, E-mail: [email protected]
B. Varalakshmi: Division of Vegetable Crops, Indian institute of
Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore –
560089, E-mail: bvl@iihr. ernet.in
B.R. Choudhury: Central Institute of Arid Horticulture, Bikaner,
Rajasthan, E-mail: [email protected]
D.K. Singh: Department of Vegetable Science, G.B. Pant University
of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttaranchal, India, E-
mail: [email protected]
Harshawardhan Choudhary: Division of Vegetable Science, Indian
Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi – 110012, India, E-
mail: harshahit2001@yahoo. co.in
J.S. Khosa: Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural
University, Ludhiana – 141004, E-mail: [email protected];
[email protected]
K.I. Asha: Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Sreekariyam,
Thiruvanatha-puram, Kerala – 695017, India E-mail:
K.R.M. Swamy: (Formerly, Division of Vegetable Crops, Indian
Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore), # 630, 3rd
Cross, CBI Road, HMT Layout, Ganganagar, Bangalore – 560
032, E-mail: krmswamy @gmail.com
K.V. Peter: Former Vice Chancellor, Kerala Agricultural University,
Director, World Noni Research Foundations, No. 12, Srinivasa
Nagar, 2nd Street, World Wellness Open University Building,
Rajive Gandhi Road, Old Mahabalipuram Road, Perungudi,
Chennai – 600096, India, E-mail: [email protected]
L. Pugalendhi: Department of Vegetable Crops, Horticultural
College and Research Institute, TNAU, Coimbatore – 641003,
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
M. Pitchaimuthu: Division of Vegetable Crops, Indian Institute of
Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore –
560089, Karnataka, India, E-mail: [email protected]
M.N. Sheela: Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Sreekariyam,
Thiruvanatha-puram, Kerala – 695017, India, E-mail:
[email protected]
Manuel C. Palada: College of Agriculture, Resources and
Environmental Sciences, 2F Dr. J. Lenwood Edge Building,
Central Philippine University, Lopez Jaena Street, Jaro, Iloilo
City Philippines – 5000, E-mail: [email protected]