Handbook of the Psychology of Aging, Sixth Edition (Handbooks of Aging)

590 Pages·2005·3.33 MB·English

by  James E. Birren

Handbook of
The Psychology of Aging
The Handbooks of Aging
Consisting of Three Volumes
Critical comprehensive reviews of
research knowledge, theories, concepts, and issues
Editor-in-Chief
James E. Birren
Handbook of the Biology of Aging
Edited byEdwardJ.Masoroand StevenN.Austad
Handbook of the Psychology of Aging
Editedby JamesE.Birren andK. WarnerSchaie
Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences
Edited byRobert H.Binstock andLindaK. George
Handbook of
The Psychology of Aging
Sixth Edition
Editors
James E. Birren and K. Warner Schaie
Associate Editors
Ronald P. Abeles, Margaret Gatz,
and Timothy A. Salthouse
AMSTERDAM (cid:1) BOSTON (cid:1) HEIDELBERG (cid:1) LONDON
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Handbookofthepsychologyofaging/editors,JamesE.Birren,K.WarnerSchaie;
associateeditors,RonaldP.Abeles,MargaretGatz,TimothyA.Salthouse.--6thed.
p.cm.--(Thehandbooksofaging)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindexes.
ISBN0-12-101264-6(casebound:alk.paper)--ISBN0-12-101265-4(pbk.:alk.paper)
1.Aging--Psychologicalaspects.I.Title:Psychologyofaging.II.Birren,JamesE.III.
Schaie,K.Warner(KlausWarner),1928-IV.Abeles,RonaldP.,1944-V.Gatz,
Margaret.VI.Salthouse,TimothyA.VII.Series.
BF724.55.A35H362005
155.67--dc22
2005025193
BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
ISBN13:978-0-12-101264-9(casebound)
ISBN10:0-12-101264-6(casebound)
ISBN13:978-0-12-101265-6(paperback)
ISBN10:0-12-101265-4(paperback)
ForallinformationonallElsevierAcademicPresspublications
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05 06 07 08 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Contributors xi
Foreword xv
Preface xvii
About the Editors xix
Part One
Concepts, Theory, and Methods in the Psychology of Aging
1. Theoretical Issues in the Psychology of Aging
Timothy A. Salthouse
I. A Taxonomyof Major Questions 4
II. Criteria for EvaluatingExplanations 6
III. EvaluatingCriteria 11
IV. Theoretical Progress 11
V. Conclusion 12
References 13
2. Design and Analysis of Longitudinal Studies on Aging
Scott M. Hofer and Martin J. Sliwinski
I. Research DesignandInferential Scope 17
II. Understanding HeterogeneityinAge-Related Processes 23
III. Methodological Issues in theStudy of Aging-Related Change 24
IV. Statistical Analysis of LongitudinalStudies of Aging 26
V. Summary 30
References 31
v
vi Contents
Part Two
Biological and Social Influences on Aging and Behavior
3. Behavior Genetics and Aging
George P. Vogler
I. TheoreticalAspectsof Geneticsand Aging 41
II. ResearchApproaches andIssues 44
III. ResearchFindings 49
IV. NewTools andNew Perspectives 50
V. Conclusions 52
References 52
4. Contributions of Cognitive Neuroscience to the
Understanding of Behavior and Aging
Arthur F. Kramer, Monica Fabiani, and Stanley J. Colcombe
I. Introduction 57
II. Approachestothe Study ofCognitive Neuroscience 59
III. Patterns ofAge-Related Differences in
Brain StructureandFunction 65
IV. Applicationof CognitiveNeuroscience to
the Studyof Attention andMemory 72
V. SummaryandFuture Directions 74
References 76
5. Health, Behavior, and Optimal Aging:
A Life Span Developmental Perspective
Carolyn M. Aldwin, Avron Spiro III, and Crystal L. Park
I. ALifeSpan DevelopmentalPerspective:
Toward OptimalAging 85
II. ChangingHealth andBehavior ofOlder Adults 86
III. PsychosocialFactorsAffecting the Rateof Aging 91
IV. WhatIsOptimalAging? 97
References 99
6. Environmental Gerontology: Progress in the Post-Lawton Era
Rick J. Scheidt and Paul G. Windley
I. Introduction 105
II. TheStatus of Theory 106
III. TheMethod Toolkit: Progress InMeasurement 110
IV. Reflective Application: TheCaseFor the
ActionResearch Paradigm 113
V. Conclusionand FutureDirections 120
References 122
Contents vii
Part Three
Behavioral Processes and Aging
7. Vision and Aging
Frank Schieber
I. Introduction 129
II. Structural Changes inthe Visual System 129
III. Visual Impairmentand Age-relatedPathology 133
IV. Age-relatedChanges in VisualFunction 134
References 154
8. Aging, Complexity, and Motor Performance
Karl M. Newell, David E. Vaillancourt, and Jacob J. Sosnoff
I. Introduction 163
II. Agingand MovementComplexity 163
III. Complexity in Posture,Locomotion, andManipulation 165
IV. Agingand Loss ofAdaptationin MotorPerformance 174
V. Concluding Comments 177
References 178
9. Changing Role of the Speed of Processing Construct
in the Cognitive Psychology of Human Aging
Alan Hartley
I. EarlierReviews 183
II. Current Research 189
III. Summary 200
References 203
10. Memory Aging
William J. Hoyer and Paul Verhaeghen
I. Introduction 209
II. Varieties of MemoryAging 210
III. Explanations ofthe Aging ofMemory 218
IV. MemoryInterventions 221
V. Summaryand Conclusions 223
References 224
11. Applied Learning and Aging: A Closer Look at Reading
Bonnie J. F. Meyer and Carlee K. Pollard
I. Introduction 233
II. Summaryof Past Reviewsof AgingandLearning
and MemoryfromText 234
viii Contents
III. Aging: Cognitive andMotivationalChanges
and HowThey MayImpact Reading 235
IV. Aging andModelsof ReadingComprehension 239
References 252
12. Language Comprehension and Production in Normal Aging
Robert Thornton and Leah L. Light
I. Lexical Processing 262
II. Sentence Processing 268
III. Discourse Processes 272
IV. A ConcludingWord 278
References 279
13. Selection, Optimization, and Compensation as
Developmental Mechanisms of Adaptive Resource
Allocation: Review and Preview
Michaela Riediger, Shu-Chen Li, and Ulman Lindenberger
I. Introduction 289
II. Resource-Allocation Processes in LifeSpan Development 290
III. Four CurrentApproachestoAdaptiveRegulation of
Life SpanDevelopment 291
IV. The Utility ofSOC asanIntegrative Framework:
SelectiveReview ofEmpirical Findings 294
V. Research onSOC: FutureDirections 300
VI. Summary andOutlook 306
References 307
14. Everyday Problem Solving and Decision Making
Michael Marsiske and Jennifer A. Margrett
I. Introduction 315
II. EvaluatingAge,Cognition,and FunctionRelatedness 320
III. Unanswered Questions andFutureDirections 332
IV. Conclusions 335
References 336
15. Aging and the Intersection of Cognition, Motivation, and Emotion
Laura L. Carstensen, Joseph A. Mikels, and Mara Mather
I. Cognitive Aging 343
II. Socioemotional Aging 345
III. Socioemotional Selectivity Theory 346
IV. Emotion–CognitionInteractions withAge 347
V. Memory forEmotionin General 348
VI. Positivity Effectsin Memory 349
VII. Positivity Effectsin InitialAttention 351
VIII. Mechanisms Underlying the PositivityEffect 352
IX. Future Directions 354
X. Summary 355
References 356