Table Of ContentHandbook of Sustainable
Development through Green
Engineering and Technology
Green engineering involves the designing, innovation, and commercialization of
products and processes that promote sustainability without eliminating both efficiency
and economic viability. This handbook focuses on sustainable development through
green engineering and technology. It is intended to address the applications and issues
involved in their practical implementation.
A new range of renewable-energy technologies, modified to provide green
engineering, will be described in this handbook. It will explore all green
technologies required to provide green engineering for the future. These include,
but are not limited to, green smart buildings, fuel-efficient transportation, paperless
offices, and many more energy-efficient measures.
Handbook of Sustainable Development through Green Engineering and Technology
acts as a comprehensive reference book to use when identifying development for
programs and sustainable initiatives within the current legislative framework. It aims to
be of great interest to researchers, faculty members, and students across the globe.
Green Engineering and Technology: Concepts and
Applications
Series Editors: Brojo Kishore Mishra, GIET University, India and
Raghvendra Kumar, LNCT College, India
Environment is an important issue these days for the whole world. Different strategies
and technologies are used to save the environment. Technology is the application of
knowledge to practical requirements. Green technologies encompass various aspects of
technology which help us reduce the human impact on the environment and creates
ways of sustainable development. Social equability, this book series will enlighten the
green technology in different ways, aspects, and methods. This technology helps people
to understand the use of different resources to fulfill needs and demands. Some points
will be discussed as the combination of involuntary approaches, government incentives,
and a comprehensive regulatory framework will encourage the diffusion of green
technology, least developed countries and developing states of small island requires
unique support and measure to promote the green technologies.
Convergence of Blockchain Technology and E-Business
Concepts, Applications, and Case Studies
Edited by D. Sumathi, T. Poongodi, Bansal Himani, Balamurugan Balusamy, and
Firoz Khan K P
Big Data Analysis for Green Computing
Concepts and Applications
Edited by Rohit Sharma, Dilip Kumar Sharma, Dhowmya Bhatt, and Binh Thai Pham
Handbook of Sustainable Development Through Green Engineering and
Technology
Edited by Vikram Bali, Rajni Mohana, Ahmed Elngar, Sunil Kumar Chawla, and
Gurpreet Singh
Integrating Deep Learning Algorithms to Overcome Challenges in Big Data
Analytics
Edited by R. Sujatha, S. L. Aarthy, and R. Vettri Selvan
For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.routledge.com/Green-
Engineering-and-Technology-Concepts-and-Applications/book-series/CRCGETCA
Handbook of Sustainable
Development through
Green Engineering and
Technology
Edited by
Vikram Bali, Rajni Mohana, Ahmed A. Elngar,
Sunil Kumar Chawla, and Gurpreet Singh
First edition published 2023
by CRC Press
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
and by CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Names: Bali, Vikram, editor.
Title: Handbook of sustainable development through green engineering and technology /
edited by Vikram Bali, Rajni Mohana, Ahmed A. Elngar, Sunil Kumar Chawla, and
Gurpreet Singh.
Description: First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2022. | Series: Green engineering and
technology : concepts and applications | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021014483 (print) | LCCN 2021014484 (ebook) | ISBN
9780367650926 (hbk) | ISBN 9780367650957 (pbk) | ISBN 9781003127819 (ebk)
Subjects: LCSH: Sustainable engineering.
Classification: LCC TA170 .H364 2022 (print) | LCC TA170 (ebook) | DDC 628‐‐dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021014483
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021014484
ISBN: 978-0-367-65092-6 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-65095-7 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-12781-9 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/9781003127819
Typeset in Times
by MPS Limited, Dehradun
Contents
Preface......................................................................................................................vii
Editors.......................................................................................................................xi
Contributors.............................................................................................................xv
Chapter 1 Achieving Sustainable Development through Sustainable
Entrepreneurship and Green Engineering...........................................1
P. V. Raveendra and Rizwana M.
Chapter 2 Environmental Performance Index Score: A Driving Force
towards Green Business Model and Process Innovations...............21
Kritika Khandelwal, Bhawna Chahar, and
Pradeep Singh Chahar
Chapter 3 Precursors and Impediments of Green Consumer Behaviour:
An Overview.....................................................................................35
Balween Kaur and Meenakshi Mittal
Chapter 4 Green Smart Farming Techniques and Sustainable Agriculture:
Research Roadmap towards Organic Farming for Imperishable
Agricultural Products........................................................................49
Sita Rani, Pankaj Bhambri, and O. P. Gupta
Chapter 5 Toward Circular Product Lifecycle Management through
Industry 4.0 Technologies.................................................................69
Barbara Ocicka, Grażyna Wieteska, and Beata Wieteska-Rosiak
Chapter 6 A Taxonomy on Smart Grid Technology.......................................107
Anurag Jain, Rajneesh Kumar, and Sunil Kumar Chawla
Chapter 7 Towards Urban Sustainability: Impact of Blue and Green
Infrastructure on Building Smart, Climate Resilient, and
Livable Cities..................................................................................119
Prabha Roy
Chapter 8 Smart Factories: A Green Engineering Perspective.......................147
Amit Chopra
v
vi Contents
Chapter 9 Electric Vehicle Research: Need, Opportunities, and
Challenges........................................................................................171
Indu K. and Aswatha Kumar M.
Chapter 10 Sustainable Developments through Energy-Efficient Buildings
in Smart Cities: A Biomimicry Approach......................................193
Divya Sharma and Hima C. S.
Chapter 11 Biomass Derived Activated Biochar for Wastewater Treatment...213
Ashish Pawar and N. L. Panwar
Chapter 12 A Study on the Cause and Effects of Paddy Straw Burning by
Farmers in Fields and Proposal of Using Rice Husk as a Novel
Ingredient in Pottery Industry.........................................................231
Shikha Tuteja, Vinod Karar, and Ravinder Tonk
Chapter 13 Clay and Ceramics as Sustainable and Green Materials to
Remove Methylene Blue from Water: A Critical Analysis...........247
Priyanka Sharma and Kushal Qanungo
Chapter 14 Metal Chalcogenides Based Nanocomposites for Sustainable
Development with Environmental Protection Applications...........265
Mohamed Jaffer Sadiq Mohamed
Chapter 15 Renewable Energy in Smart Grid: Futuristic Power System........281
Hadeel Fahad Alharbi and Kusum Yadav
Chapter 16 Experimental Investigation on Different Supplementary
Cementitious Materials as Smart Construction Materials to
Produce Concrete: Toward Sustainable Development...................293
Bansari N. Dave, Damyanti G. Badagha, Ahmed A. Elngar, and
Pratik G. Chauhan
Chapter 17 Solar Thermal Power Generation: Application of Internet of
Things for Effective Control and Management.............................309
Subhra Das
Index......................................................................................................................325
Preface
Greetings!
Due to huge and rapid-pace socio-environmental happenings all around the world,
several metropolitan cities have directed their development efforts toward smart
policies for sustainable mobility, energy upgrading of the building stock, increased
energy production from renewable sources, improved waste management,
inclusion of solar energy systems, and energy-efficient implementations of ICT
infrastructures. With an increased urbanization and energy consumption, one of the
main responsibilities of a smart city is to focus on low energy use, renewable
energy, and small carbon footprints. Green engineering is a conscious effort to
minimize the risk of advancement projects to human health, the environment, and
nature.
Green engineering encompasses many aspects in real life. Green engineering
comprises design, innovation, and commercialization of products and processes,
which promotes sustainability without eliminating efficiency and economic viability
of the processes involved.
This book is a collective effort toward providing a range of green engineering
perspectives for sustainable development of society. This book acts as a link
between innovations and strategies researchers have proposed for society’s overall
welfare in context to the applications of green engineering and technology. This
ranges from Sustainability Entrepreneurship to Environmental Performance Index
Score, Smart Grid to Smart Farming, Smart Factories to Electrical Vehicles, Energy
Efficient Buildings to Renewable Energy, Sustainable and Green Materials to Smart
Construction Materials, and Environmental Protection Applications to Solar
Thermal Power Generation.
In Chapter 1, “Achieving Sustainable Development through Sustainable Entrepreneur-
ship and Green Engineering,” the concept of sustainable entrepreneurship is defined,
discussed, and elaborated. This chapter reviews green engineering principles for key
decision making from the sustainable entrepreneurship perspective; it encourages the use
of green engineering by entrepreneurs and managers and the application of green
entrepreneurship for sustainable development.
In Chapter 2, “Environmental Performance Index Score: A Driving Force toward
Green Business Model and Process Innovations,” the authors confine the scope of
this EPI index study for 2020 against that of last the ten years’ longitudinal data
series driven baseline index. The findings of the study reveal innovative green
business models and processes as best practices to improve environmental
performance.
In Chapter 3, “Precursors and Impediments of Green Consumer Behaviour: An
Overview,” the authors provide an insight to manufacturers and marketers regarding
vii
viii Preface
the precursors and impediments of green consumer behaviour. It will facilitate them
in designing their future production and marketing strategies accordingly.
In Chapter 4, “Green Smart Farming Techniques and Sustainable Agriculture:
Research Roadmap toward Organic Farming for Imperishable Agricultural
Products,” highlights the requirement of a suitable Farm Management System to
look after the important parameters like productivity, profitability, ecosystem, and
human health for practicing and managing green smart sustainable agriculture.
In Chapter 5, “Toward Circular Product Lifecycle Management through Technologies
4.0,” authors present the potential of technologies 4.0 for smooth transition from linear
to circular business models in Industry 4.0. The perspective shows the importance of
Technologies 4.0 toward Circular Product Lifecycle Management through a set of multi-
sector case studies.
In Chapter 6, “A Taxonomy on Smart Grid Technology,” authors provide a
comprehensive review of terminology related to smart grid technology in context of
a smart and robust power system with significance of using natural resources for
power generation. Emphasis is on the use of smart meters, smart card systems, and
other smart solutions through the application of advanced technologies like cloud
computing, Internet of Things, and machine learning.
In Chapter 7, “Toward Urban Sustainability: Impact of Blue and Green Infrastructure
on Building Smart, Climate Resilient, and Livable Cities,” the author identifies a set of
recommendations that can help stakeholders adapt Blue and Green Infrastructure
practices and their integration into the urban-planning policy and development practices
for urban sustainability as the desired outcome.
In Chapter 8, “Smart Factories: A Green Engineering Perspective,” the author
covers the perspective of smart factories by using various technologies that
empower the concept, and thereby the utilization of resources, energy, and space
required, thus enhancing productivity, reducing wastage of materials, and
employing better sustainable and cleaner methods in the view of Industry 4.0.
In Chapter 9, “Electric Vehicle Research: Need, Opportunities and Challenges,”
the authors make a sincere effort to cover the fundamental aspects in the field of
Electric Vehicle Research. They begin with an overview of electric vehicles, with
their need and relevance, and highlight the advantages of electric vehicles as a
primary transport mode. The authors have also discussed embedded system
modelling of electric vehicles, with special emphasis on the sustainability and
safety aspects of electric vehicles.
In Chapter 10, “Sustainable Developments through Energy-Efficient Buildings in
Smart Cities: A Biomimicry Approach,” focuses on understanding and application
of biomimicry principles to make a building self-aerated, self-ventilated, and
energy-efficient. A case study of Oxalis Oregana Leaf is presented to understand the
property and working mechanism of the leaf to achieve solar capturing and
controlling. Bio-inspired strategies were followed to retrofit a prototype, and several
simulations were performed to examine the results and analyze the amount of
energy saved and reduction in carbon emission.
In Chapter 11, “Biomass-derived Activated Biochar for Wastewater Treatment,”
the authors discuss the role of the activated biochar produced as a bio-waste in
wastewater treatment.
Preface ix
In Chapter 12, “A Study on the Cause and Effects of Paddy Straw Burning by
Farmers in Fields and Proposal of using Rice Husk as a Novel Ingredient in Pottery
Industry,” the authors discuss the various causes and effects of farmers burning
paddy straw, as well as the alternate options of using paddy straw or rice husks in
making useful products or using it as an alternate fuel source.
In Chapter 13, “Clay and Ceramics as Sustainable and Green Materials to
Remove Methylene Blue from Water: A Critical Analysis,” the focus is on a big
challenge of developing a novel and improved method for removing a toxic and
harmful dye known as methylene blue. The authors use clay and ceramic materials
for methylene blue removal from aqueous systems. An in-depth analysis shows the
significance of different reaction parameters like contact time, percentage removal,
adsorbent dosage, size of adsorbent, pH co-ions, temperature and concentration of
methylene, and providing reaction kinetics and mechanism involved for methylene
blue adsorption by clays and ceramic material simultaneously.
In Chapter 14, “Metal Chalcogenides-based Nanocomposites for Sustainable
Development with Environmental Protection Applications,” author presents a
successful attempt for the efficient preparation of MoS2/Graphene nanocomposites
through a simple hydrothermal process to study the photo-catalytic performance of
methylene blue degradation.
In Chapter 15, “Renewable Energy in Smart Grid: Futuristic Power System,” the
authors explore different renewable energy resources, smart grid systems, and challenges
associated with the integration of a smart grid with renewable energy. The findings of this
study are fruitful for new-generation researchers working in this area.
In Chapter 16, “Experimental Investigation on Different Supplementary Cementitious
Materials as Smart Construction Materials to Produce Concrete: Towards Sustainable
Development,” authors prepare a design mix to prepare higher-grade M50 to M90 by
using Supplementary Cementing Materials like Fly Ash and Micro Silica with different
proportions to replace cement to save natural resources. Different tests are carried out by
authors to study their resistance against acid, chloride, and sulphate attacks to understand
durability & sustainability concepts in depth. The outcomes of these test results are given
with their effects on High Performance Concrete mixes and examined to give
sustainable solutions by using smart construction materials.
In Chapter 17, “Solar Thermal Power Generation: Application of Internet of
Things for Effective Control & Management,” the author explores the application of
Internet of Things for Effective Control & Management in the context of solar
thermal-power generation providing multiple benefits of the proposed scheme to
help enhancing the performance and reliability of solar thermal-power plants. This
study can prove a revolutionary step in this direction.
We wish all our readers and their family members good health and prosperity.
Vikram Bali, Rajni Mohana, Ahmed A. Elngar,
Sunil Kumar Chawla, and Gurpreet Singh
