Handbook of Structural Engineering, Second Edition

1738 Pages·2005·24.17 MB·English

by  W.F. Chen

Handbook of
STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
Edited by
WAI-FAH CHEN
ERIC M. LUI
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Handbook ofstructural engineering/edited by Wai-Fah Chen,
EricM.Lui. —2nded.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references andindex.
ISBN 0-8493-1569-7(alk.paper)
1. Structuralengineering. I.Chen, Wai-Fah, 1936-II.Lui, E.M.III. Title.
TA633.H36 2004
624.1 —dc22 2004054550
InternationalStandardBookNumber0-8493-1569-7
LibraryofCongressCardNumber2004054550
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Printedonacid-freepaper
Abstract
Thisbookisanencapsulationofamyriadoftopicsofinteresttoengineersworkinginthestructural
analysis,design,andrehabilitationfields.Itisacomprehensivereferenceworkandresourcebookwritten
foradvancedstudentsandpracticingengineerswhowishtoreviewstandardpracticesaswellastokeep
abreast of new techniques and practices in the field of structural engineering. The Handbook stresses
professionalapplicationsandincludesmaterialsthatarepresentedinaneasy-to-readandready-to-use
form. It contains many formulas, tables, and charts that give immediate answers to questions arising
frompracticalwork.Thebookcoversnotonlytraditionalbutalsonovelandinnovativeapproachesto
analysis,design,andrehabilitationproblems.
Preface
TheprimaryobjectiveofthisneweditionoftheCRCHandbookofStructuralEngineeringistoprovide
advanced students and practicing engineers with a useful reference to gain knowledge from and seek
solutionstoabroadspectrumofstructuralengineeringproblems.Themyriadoftopicscoveredinthis
handbookwillserveasagoodresourceforreaderstoreviewstandardpracticeandtokeepabreastofnew
developmentsinthefield.
Since the publication of the first edition, a number of new and exciting developments have
emerged in the field of structural engineering. Advanced analysis for structural design, performance-
based design of earthquake resistant structures, life cycle evaluation, and condition assessment of
existing structures, the use of high-performance materials for construction, and design for fire safety
are some examples. Likewise, a number of design specifications and codes have been revised by the
respective codification committees to reflect our increased understanding of structural behavior. All
these developments and changes have been implemented in this new edition. In addition to
updating, expanding, and rearranging some of the existing chapters to make the book more
informative and cohesive, the following topics have been added to the new edition: fundamental
theories of structural dynamics; advanced analysis; wind and earthquake resistant design; design of
prestressed concrete, masonry, timber, and glass structures; properties, behavior, and use of high-
performance steel, concrete, and fiber-reinforced polymers; semirigid frame structures; life cycle
evaluation and condition assessment of existing structures; structural bracing; and structural design
for fire safety. The inclusion of these new chapters should enhance the comprehensiveness of the
handbook.
For ease of reading, the chapters are divided into six sections. Section I presents fundamental prin-
ciples of structural analysis for static and dynamic loads. Section II addresses deterministic and prob-
abilistic design theories and describes their applications for the design of structures using different
construction materials. Section III discusses high-performance materials and their applications for
structural design and rehabilitation. Section IV introduces the principles and practice of seismic and
performance-baseddesignofbuildingsandbridges.SectionVisacollectionofchaptersthataddressthe
behavior,analysis,anddesignofvariousspecialstructuressuchasmultistoryrigidandsemirigidframes,
short- and long-span bridges, cooling towers, as well as tunnel and glass structures. Section VI is
amiscellanyoftopicsofinteresttostructuralengineers.Inthissectionareincludedmaterialsrelatedto
connections,effectivelengthfactors,bracing,floorsystem,fatigue,fracture,passiveandactivecontrol,
lifecycleevaluation,condition assessment,andfiresafety.
Like its previous edition, this handbook stresses practical applications and emphasizes easy
implementations of the materials presented. To avoid lengthy and tedious derivations, many
equations, tables, and charts are given in passing without much substantiation. Nevertheless, a
succinct discussion of the essential elements is often given to allow readers to gain a better
understanding of the underlying theory, and many chapters have extensive reference and reading
lists and websites appended at the end for engineers and designers who seek additional or more
in-depth information. While all chapters in this handbook are meant to be sufficiently independent
of one another, and can be perused without first having proficiency in the materials presented
in other chapters, some prerequisite knowledge of the fundamentals of structures is presupposed.
Thishandbookistheproductofacumulativeeffortfromaninternationalgroupofacademiciansand
practitioners, who are authorities in their fields, graciously sharing their extensive knowledge and
invaluable expertise with the structural engineering profession. The authors of the various chapters in
this handbook hail from North America, Europe, and Asia. Their scientific thinking and engineering
practice are reflective of the global nature of engineering in general, and structural engineering in
particular.Theirparticipationinthisprojectisgreatlyappreciated.ThanksarealsoduetoCindyCarelli
(acquisitionseditor),JessicaVakili(projectcoordinator),andtheentireproductionstaffofCRCPress
formakingtheprocessofproducingthishandbookmoreenjoyable.
Wai-FahChen
Honolulu,HI
EricM.Lui
Syracuse,NY
The Editors
Wai-Fah Chen is presently dean of the College of Engineering
at University of Hawaii at Manoa. He was a George E. Goodwin
DistinguishedProfessorofCivilEngineeringandheadoftheDepart-
mentofStructuralEngineeringatPurdueUniversityfrom1976to1999.
HereceivedhisB.S.incivilengineeringfromtheNationalCheng-
Kung University, Taiwan, in 1959, M.S. in structural engineering
from Lehigh University, Pennsylvania, in 1963, and Ph.D. in solid
mechanicsfromBrownUniversity,RhodeIsland,in1966.
Dr. Chen received the Distinguished Alumnus Award from
National Cheng-Kung University in 1988 and the Distinguished
Engineering AlumnusMedalfromBrownUniversityin1999.
Dr.Chenistherecipientofnumerousnationalengineeringawards.
Most notably, he was elected to the U.S. National Academy of
Engineeringin1995,wasawardedtheHonoraryMembershipinthe
American Society of Civil Engineers in 1997, and was elected to the
AcademiaSinica(NationalAcademyofScience)inTaiwanin1998.
Awidelyrespected author,Dr.Chenhasauthoredandcoauthored morethan20engineering books
and500technicalpapers.Hecurrentlyservesontheeditorialboardsofmorethan10technicaljournals.
Hehasbeenlistedinmorethan30Who’sWhopublications.
Dr.Chenistheeditor-in-chiefforthepopular1995CivilEngineeringHandbook,the1997Structural
Engineering Handbook, the 1999 Bridge Engineering Handbook, and the 2002 Earthquake Engineering
Handbook.HecurrentlyservesastheconsultingeditorfortheMcGraw-Hill’sEncyclopediaofScienceand
Technology.
HehasworkedasaconsultantforExxonProductionResearchonoffshorestructures,forSkidmore,
Owings and Merrill in Chicago on tall steel buildings, for the World Bank on the Chinese University
DevelopmentProjects,andformanyothergroups.
Eric M. Lui is currently chair of the Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering at Syracuse University. He received his
B.S. in civil and environmental engineering with high honors from
the University of Wisconsin at Madison in 1980 and his M.S. and
Ph.D.incivilengineering (majoringinstructuralengineering) from
PurdueUniversity,Indiana,in1982and1985,respectively.
Dr. Lui’s research interests are in the areas of structural stability,
structuraldynamics,structuralmaterials,numericalmodeling,engi-
neering computations, and computer-aided analysis and design of
building and bridge structures. He has authored and coauthored
numerous journal papers, conference proceedings, special publica-
tions, and research reports in these areas. He is also a contributing
authortoanumberofengineeringmonographsandhandbooks,and
isthecoauthoroftwobooksonthesubjectofstructuralstability.In
addition to conducting research, Dr. Lui teaches a variety of undergraduate and graduate courses at
Syracuse University. He was a recipient of the College of Engineering and Computer Science Crouse
Hinds Award forExcellence inTeaching in1997. Furthermore, he has served as thefaculty advisor of
SyracuseUniversity’schapteroftheAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers(ASCE)formorethanadecade
andwasrecipientoftheASCEFacultyAdvisorRewardProgramfrom2001to2003.
Dr.LuihasbeenalongtimememberoftheASCEandhasservedonanumberofASCEpublication,
technical, and educational committees. He was the associate editor (from 1994 to 1997) and later the
bookeditor(from1997to2000)fortheASCEJournalofStructuralEngineering.Heisalsoamemberof
manyotherprofessionalorganizationssuchastheAmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction,American
ConcreteInstitute,AmericanSocietyofEngineeringEducation,AmericanAcademyofMechanics,and
SigmaXi.
He has been listed in more than 10 Who’s Who publications and has served as a consultant for
anumberofstateandlocalengineering firms.
Contributors
T. Balendra Robert J. Dexter
Department ofCivilEngineering Department ofCivilEngineering
National University ofSingapore University ofMinnesota
Singapore Minneapolis, Minnesota
Lawrence C. Bank J. Daniel Dolan
Department ofCiviland Environmental Department ofCivilandEnvironmental
Engineering Engineering
University ofWisconsin WashingtonStateUniversity
Madison, Wisconsin Pullman,Washington
Reidar Bjorhovde Lian Duan
The Bjorhovde Group Division ofEngineering Services
Tucson, Arizona California Department of Transportation
Sacramento, California
Brian Brenner
Department ofCiviland Environmental Allen C. Estes
Engineering Department ofCivilandMechanical Engineering
Tufts University United StatesMilitary Academy
Medford, Massachusetts West Point, New York
Dan M. Frangopol
Siu-Lai Chan
Department ofCivil, Environmental, and
Department ofCiviland Structural
Engineering Architectural Engineering
Hong KongPolytechnic University University ofColorado
Boulder, Colorado
Kowloon, Hong Kong
Phillip L. Gould
Brian Chen
Department ofCivilEngineering
Wiss, Janney,ElstnerAssociates, Inc.
Washington University
Irving, Texas
St. Louis, Missouri
Wai-Fah Chen
Achintya Haldar
College ofEngineering
Department ofCivilEngineering and
University ofHawaii atManoa
Engineering Mechanics
Honolulu, Hawaii
TheUniversity ofArizona
Franklin Y. Cheng Tucson, Arizona
Department ofCivilEngineering
University ofMissouri Ronald O. Hamburger
Rolla, Missouri Simpson Gumpertz &Heger,Inc.
San Francisco,California
G. F. Dargush
Department ofCivilEngineering Christian Ingerslev
State University of NewYork Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc.
Buffalo, New York New York, NewYork
Manabu Ito Eric M. Lui
University ofTokyo Department ofCivil and
Tokyo, Japan Environmental Engineering
Syracuse University
S. E. Kim Syracuse, New York
Department ofCivilEngineering
SejongUniversity Peter W. Marshall
Seoul,South Korea MHPSystems Engineering
Houston, Texas
Richard E. Klingner
Department ofCivilEngineering Edward G. Nawy
University ofTexas Department ofCivil and
Austin, Texas Environmental Engineering
Rutgers University —TheState University
Wilfried B. Kra¨tzig ofNew Jersey
Department ofCivilEngineering Piscataway, New Jersey
Ruhr-University Bochum
Austin Pan
Bochum, Germany
T.Y. LinInternational
SanFrancisco, California
Yoshinobu Kubo
Department ofCivilEngineering
Mark Reno
KyushuInstitute ofTechnology
Quincy Engineering
Tobata, Kitakyushu, Japan
Sacramento, California
Sashi K. Kunnath
Phil Rice
Department ofCiviland Environmental
ParsonsBrinckerhoff, Inc.
Engineering
New York,New York
University ofCalifornia
Davis,California Charles Scawthorn
Department ofUrban Management
Tien T. Lan KyotoUniversity
Instituteof BuildingStructures Kyoto, Japan
ChineseAcademy ofBuilding Research
Beijing, China Birger Schmidt (deceased)
ParsonsBrinckerhoff, Inc.
New York,New York
Andy Lee
OveArrup &Partners
N. E. Shanmugam
Hong Kong Ltd.
Department ofCivil Engineering
Kowloon,Hong Kong
National University of Singapore
Singapore
Zongjin Li
Department ofCivilEngineering Maurice L. Sharp
Hong Kong University ofScience and Consultant —Aluminum Structures
Technology Avonmore, Pennsylvania
Kowloon,Hong Kong
A. K. W. So
J. Y. Richard Liew Research Engineering Development
Department ofCivilEngineering Fac¸ade andFire Testing
NationalUniversity ofSingapore Consultants Ltd.
Singapore Yuen Long, Hong Kong