Table Of ContentNeurology Second
Edition
Handbook of
about the book…
H
The field of sleep medicine has exploded into one of the fastest-growing medical disciplines.
a
Utilizing the most current research to update this classic text, this resource supplies a
well-organized guide to the diagnosis and treatment of the six major categories of sleep
n SLEEP
disorders: Insomnia, Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders, Narcolepsy and Other Hypersomnias,
Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders, Parasomnias, and Sleep-Related Movement Disorders. d
Specific disorders under each of these categories are discussed in-depth by leading experts
b
in the field.
o
Handbook of Sleep Disorders, Second Edition
(cid:115)(cid:0)presents comprehensive information for each sleep disorder, which will be helpful to o
DISORDERS
physicians preparing for the sleep medicine board examination, as well as clinicians
k
and researchers wanting to learn more about sleep and its disorders
(cid:115)(cid:0)(cid:0)conveys information in a more practical and user-friendly format than its predecessor,
o
with each group of sleep disorders following a clear outline of discussion (description;
pathophysiology, associations, and consequences; types; diagnostic tools; diagnostic f
algorithm; treatment; and special conditions for treatment)
S
(cid:115)(cid:0)(cid:0)determines the key features of a specific sleep disorder, distinguishes it from other sleep
or medical disorders, and recognizes the range of treatments used in the management L Second Edition
of this condition
E
(cid:115)(cid:0)(cid:0)provides scientific tables and figures throughout the source highlighting key concepts
(cid:115)(cid:0)(cid:0)concludes with a section devoted to the management of sleep disorders, and the E
association of sleep disorders with other commonly diagnosed disorders
P Edited by
about the editor...
CLETE A. KUSHIDA is Director and Principal Investigator, Center for Human Sleep Research, D CLETE A. KUSHIDA
Stanford University School of Medicine, California, Acting Medical Director of the Stanford
Sleep Disorders Clinic, and is an Associate Professor at the Stanford University Medical I
Center. Since 1977, Dr. Kushida has directed NIH- and industry-sponsored research studies S
on sleep and its disorders, authored numerous articles and book chapters, edited several
O
books, and presented lectures to students, physicians, and the general public at both
national and international levels. He is the President-elect of the American Academy of
Sleep Medicine; a member of the Board of Directors of the American Academy of Sleep R
Medicine, the American Sleep Medicine Foundation, and the American Board of Sleep
Medicine; a member of the Editorial Boards of the journal SLEEP and the Journal of Clinical D
Sleep Medicine; and is the immediate past Chair of the Standards of Practice Committee of
the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Dr. Kushida received the B.A.S. and M.S. degrees
E
from Stanford University, California, and the Ph.D. and M.D. degrees from the University of
Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Illinois. He completed a neurology residency at the R
University of California, San Diego, and a National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored
fellowship in sleep medicine at Stanford University, California. S
Printed in the United States of America
KUSHIDA
(cid:36)(cid:43)(cid:23)(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:25)
K Y M C
Handbook of
SLEEP
DISORDERS
Handbook of
SLEEP
DISORDERS
Second Edition
Edited by
CLETE A. KUSHIDA
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, California, USA
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Handbookofsleepdisorders.—2nded./editedbyCleteA.Kushida.
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Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN-13:978-0-8493-7319-0(hardcover:alk.paper)
ISBN-10:0-8493-7319-0(hardcover:alk.paper) 1. Sleep—disorders—
Handbooks,manuals,etc. I. Kushida,CleteAnthony,1960-
[DNLM:1. SleepDisorders—diagnosis. 2. SleepDisorders—therapy.
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Preface
This handbook would not exist without the excellent contributions of the talented group of
international authors; their detailed and comprehensive works are greatly appreciated. I am
deeply indebted to the renowned and true pioneers of the field of sleep, William Dement,
Christian Guilleminault, Sonia Ancoli-Israel, Chris Gillin, and Allan Rechtschaffen, who
served as my mentors through various stages of my career. In all of my endeavors, I can
always count on my parents, Samiko and Hiroshi Kushida, to assist me; this book was no
exception.Thisbookisdedicatednotonlytomyparentsbutalsotothemarvelousteamofthe
Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy Study (APPLES), sponsored by the National
Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). I have
beenveryfortunate,alongwithDr.Dement,toserveasprincipalinvestigatorofAPPLES;our
team consists of Pamela Hyde, Deborah Nichols, Eileen Leary, Tyson Holmes, Dan Bloch, as
wellasNHLBI(MichaelTweryandGailWeinmann),sitedirectors,coordinators,consultants,
committeemembers,keyStanfordsitepersonnel(Chia-YuCardell,RhondaWong,PeteSilva,
and Jennifer Blair), data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) members, and other personnel
without whom this project could not have functioned in such a meticulous and efficient
manner.
Itismysincerehopethatthereaderwillstrivetobecomeanexpertinthefieldofsleep.
Although there is always room for improvement, awareness of sleep disorders by patients,
physicians,andthegeneralpublicisatanall-timehigh.However,availablefundingforsleep
researchandthenumberofyounginvestigatorsinterestedinacareerinbasicorclinicalsleep
researchareareasthatneedenhancement.Theinterestedreadercandirectlycontributetothe
fieldinseveralwaysbyapplyingformembershipintheAmericanAcademyofSleepMedicine
(www.aasmnet.org)ortheSleepResearchSociety(www.sleepresearchsociety.org),servingon
committees in these organizations, becoming board certified in sleep medicine, submitting a
sleep-related grant proposal to the NIH, and/or simply learning more about sleep and its
disorders. Lastly, I’ll never forget a sticker posted on the door of Mary Carskadon’s former
office at Stanford that contained words to live by: “Be alert. The world needs more lerts.”
Clete A. Kushida
Contents
Preface iii
Contributors ix
1. Perspectives 1
Clete A. Kushida
PART I: INSOMNIA
2. Description of Insomnia 3
Michael J. Sateia
3. Pathophysiology, Associations, and Consequences of Insomnia 15
David N. Neubauer and Kelleen N. Flaherty
4. Types of Insomnia 29
Leah Friedman, Laura Haagenson, and Beatriz Hernandez
5. Diagnostic Tools for Insomnia 41
Rachel Manber, Jason C. Ong, and Erin Carlyle
6. Diagnostic Algorithm for Insomnia 55
Anil N. Rama and Tom A. Potti
7. Behavioral Treatment of Insomnia 71
Jack D. Edinger and Colleen E. Carney
8. Pharmacologic Treatment of Insomnia 91
Clete A. Kushida
9. Adjunctive and Alternative Treatment of Insomnia 95
Kristen L. Payne, James P. Soeffing, and Kenneth L. Lichstein
10. Special Considerations for Treatment of Insomnia 107
Allison G. Harvey, Ilana S. Hairston, Anda Gershon, and June Gruber
PART II: CIRCADIAN RHYTHM SLEEP DISORDERS
11. Description of Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders 119
Shannon S. Sullivan
12. Pathophysiology, Associations, and Consequences of Circadian Rhythm
Sleep Disorders 123
Shawn D. Youngstedt and James B. Burch
vi Contents
13. Types of Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders 135
Helen J. Burgess and Kathryn J. Reid
14. Diagnostic Tools for Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders 147
Kenneth P. Wright, Jr., Christopher L. Drake, and Steven W. Lockley
15. Diagnostic Algorithm for Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders 175
Yaron Dagan and Katy Borodkin
16. Treatment of Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders 191
Robert L. Sack
17. Special Considerations for Treatment of Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders 207
Josephine Arendt and Debra J. Skene
PART III: NARCOLEPSY AND OTHER HYPERSOMNIAS
18. Description of Hypersomnias 223
Allison Chan and Emmanuel Mignot
19. Pathophysiology, Associations, and Consequences of Hypersomnias 235
Joan Santamaria
20. Types of Hypersomnias 247
Seiji Nishino
21. Diagnostic Tools for Hypersomnias 265
Jose Mendez and Suresh Kotagal
22. Diagnostic Algorithm for Hypersomnias 277
Yves Dauvilliers
23. Treatment of Hypersomnias 299
Mark E. Dyken, Thoru Yamada, and Mohsin Ali
24. Special Considerations for Treatment of Hypersomnias 321
Yutaka Honda and Makoto Honda
PART IV: SLEEP-RELATED BREATHING DISORDERS
25. Description of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders 329
Linda Snyder and Stuart F. Quan
26. Pathophysiology, Associations, and Consequences
of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders 339
Gina H. Chen and Christian Guilleminault
27. Types of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders 351
Murali Maheswaran
28. Diagnostic Tools for Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders 365
James A. Rowley and M. Safwan Badr
