Handbook of Scheduling: Algorithms, Models, and Performance Analysis

1157 Pages·2004·14.54 MB·English

by  Joseph Y-T. Leung

Handbook of
SCHEDULING
Algorithms, Models,
and Performance Analysis
CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC
COMPUTER and INFORMATION SCIENCE SERIES
Series Editor: Sartaj Sahni
PUBLISHED TITLES
HANDBOOK OF SCHEDULING: ALGORITHMS, MODELS, AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
Joseph Y-T. Leung
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CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC COMPUTER and INFORMATION SCIENCE SERIES
Handbook of
SCHEDULING
Algorithms, Models,
and Performance Analysis
Edited by
Joseph Y-T. Leung
CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC
A CRC Press Company
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
C3979_discl.fm Page 1 Friday, March 19, 2004 2:37 PM
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Dedication
TomywifeMaria
v
Preface
Schedulingisaformofdecision-makingthatplaysanimportantroleinmanydisciplines.Itisconcerned
withtheallocationofscarceresourcestoactivitieswiththeobjectiveofoptimizingoneormoreperformance
measures.Dependingonthesituation,resourcesandactivitiescantakeonmanydifferentforms.Resources
maybenursesinahospital,busdrivers,machinesinanassemblyplant,CPUs,mechanicsinanautomobile
repairshop,etc.Activitiesmaybeoperationsinamanufacturingprocess,dutiesofnursesinahospital,
executionsofcomputerprograms,carrepairsinanautomobilerepairshop,andsoon.Therearealso
manydifferentperformancemeasurestooptimize.Oneobjectivemaybetheminimizationofthemean
flowtime,whileanotherobjectivemaybetheminimizationofthenumberofjobscompletedaftertheir
duedates.
Schedulinghasbeenstudiedintensivelyformorethan50years,byresearchersinmanagement,industrial
engineering,operationsresearch,andcomputerscience.Thereisnowanastoundingbodyofknowledge
inthisfield.Thisbookisthefirsthandbookonscheduling.Itisintendedtoprovideacomprehensive
coverageofthemostadvancedandtimelytopicsinscheduling.Amajorgoalofthisprojectistobring
togetherresearchersintheabovedisciplinesinordertofacilitatecrossfertilization.Theauthorsandtopics
chosencutacrossallthesedisciplines.
IwouldliketothankSartajSahniforinvitingmetoeditthishandbook.Iamgratefultoalltheauthorsand
co-authors(morethan90intotal)whotooktimefromtheirbusyschedulestocontributetothishandbook.
Withouttheirefforts,thishandbookwouldnothavebeenpossible.EdmundBurkeandMichaelPinedo
havegivenmevaluableadviceinpickingtopicsandauthors.HelenaRedshawandJessicaVakiliatCRC
Presshavedoneasuperbjobinmanagingtheproject.
IwouldliketothankEdCoffmanforteachingmeschedulingtheorywhenIwasagraduatestudentat
PennState.Mywife,Maria,gavemeencouragementandstrongsupportforthisproject.
This work was supported in part by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and in part by the
NationalScienceFoundation(NSF).FindingscontainedhereinarenotnecessarilythoseoftheFAAor
NSF.
vii
The Editor
Joseph Y-T. Leung, Ph.D., is Distinguished Professor of Computer Science in New Jersey Institute of
Technology.HereceivedhisB.A.inMathematicsfromSouthernIllinoisUniversityatCarbondaleandhis
Ph.D.inComputerSciencefromthePennsylvaniaStateUniversity.SincereceivinghisPh.D.,hehastaught
atVirginiaTech,NorthwesternUniversity,UniversityofTexasatDallas,UniversityofNebraskaatLincoln,
andNewJerseyInstituteofTechnology.HehasbeenchairmanatUniversityofNebraskaatLincolnand
NewJerseyInstituteofTechnology.
Dr.LeungisamemberofACMandaseniormemberofIEEE.Hisresearchinterestsincludescheduling
theory,computationalcomplexity,discreteoptimization,real-timesystems,andoperatingsystems.His
researchhasbeensupportedbyNSF,ONR,FAA,andTexasInstruments.
ix
Contributors
RichaAgarwal SanjoyBaruah XiaoqiangCai
GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology UniversityofNorthCarolina ChineseUniversityof
DepartmentofIndustrial& DepartmentofComputer HongKong
SystemsEngineering Science DepartmentofSystems
Atlanta,Georgia ChapelHill,NorthCarolina Engineering&Engineering
Management
SanjayL.Ahire
Shatin,HongKong
JacekB(cid:1)laz˙ewicz
UniversityofDayton
Poznan´ Universityof
DepartmentofMIS,OM,
Technology JacquesCarlier
andDS
InstituteofComputingScience Compie`gneUniversityof
Dayton,Ohio
Poznan´,Poland Technology
Compie`gne,France
RavindraK.Ahuja
UniversityofFlorida N.Brauner
DepartmentofIndustrial& JohnCarpenter
IMAG
SystemsEngineering UniversityofNorthCarolina
Grenoble,France
Gainesville,Florida DepartmentofComputer
Science
Yalc‚inAkc‚ay R.P.Brazile ChapelHill,NorthCarolina
Koc¸University UniversityofNorthTexas
Istanbul,Turkey DepartmentofComputer
XiuliChao
Science&Engineering
NorthCarolinaStateUniversity
JamesAnderson Denton,Texas
DepartmentofIndustrial
UniversityofNorthCarolina
Engineering
DepartmentofComputer
PeterBrucker Raleigh,NorthCarolina
Science
UniversityofOsnabru¨ck
ChapelHill,NorthCarolina
DepartmentofMathematics
ChandraChekuri
HakanAydin Osnabru¨ck,Germany BellLaboratories
GeorgeMasonUniversity MurrayHill,NewJersey
DepartmentofComputer EdmundK.Burke
Science UniversityofNottingham BoChen
Fairfax,Virginia SchoolofComputerScience UniversityofWarwick
Nottingham,UnitedKingdom WarwickBusinessSchool
AnantaramBalakrishnan
Coventry,UnitedKingdom
UniversityofTexas
Austin,Texas MarcoCaccamo
UniversityofIllinois DejiChen
PhilippeBaptiste DepartmentofComputer Fisher-Rosemount
CNRS,EcolePolytechnique Science Systems,Inc.
Palaiseau,France Urbana,Illinois Austin,Texas
xi
ArturCzumaj TeofiloF.Gonzalez JoannaJo´zefowska
NewJerseyInstituteof UniversityofCalifornia Poznan´ Universityof
Technology DepartmentofComputer Technology
DepartmentofComputer Science InstituteofComputingScience
Science SantaBarbara,California Poznan´,Poland
Newark,NewJersey
Joe¨lGoossens
PhilipKaminsky
Universite´LibredeBrussels
PatrickDeCausmaecker
UniversityofCalifornia
DepartmentofDataProcessing
KaHoSint-Lieven
DepartmentofIndustrial
Brussels,Belgium
DepartmentofIndustrial
Engineering&Operations
Engineering
ValeryS.Gordon Research
Gent,Belgium
NationalAcademyofSciences Berkeley,California
ofBelarus
SudarshanK.Dhall
UnitedInstituteofInformatics JohnJ.Kanet
UniversityofOklahoma
SchoolofComputerScience Problems UniversityofDayton
Norman,Oklahoma Minsk,Belarus DepartmentofMIS,OM
andDS
MichaelF.Gorman
MaciejDrozdowski Dayton,Ohio
UniversityofDayton
Poznan´ UniversityofTechnology
DepartmentofMIS,OM,
InstituteofComputingScience
andDS HansKellerer
Poznan´,Poland
Dayton,Ohio UniversityofGraz
InstituteforStatistics&
Pierre-FrançoisDutot KevinI-J.Ho
OperationsResearch
CNRS ChunShanMedicalUniversity
Graz,Austria
LabInformatique DepartmentofInformation
etDistribution Management
SanjeevKhanna
Montbonnot,France Taiwan,China
UniversityofPennsylvania
KellyEaston DoritHochbaum DepartmentofComputer&
KansasStateUniversity UniversityofCalifornia InformationScience
SchoolofIndustrial& HaasSchoolofBusiness,and Philadelphia,Pennsylvania
ManufacturingSystems DepartmentofIndustrial
Engineering Engineering&Operations YoungManKim
Manhattan,Kansas Research KookminUniversity
Berkeley,California SchoolofComputerScience
G.Finke
Seoul,SouthKorea
PhilipHolman
IMAG
UniversityofNorthCarolina
Grenoble,France
DepartmentofComputer GiladKoren
ShelbyFunk Science Bar-IlanUniversity
UniversityofNorthCarolina ChapelHill,NorthCarolina ComputerScience
DepartmentofComputer Department
H.Hoogeveen
Science Ramat-Gan,Israel
UtrechtUniversity
ChapelHill,NorthCarolina
DepartmentofComputer
WieslawKubiak
Science
KarstenGentner MemorialUniversityof
Utrecht,Netherlands
UniversityofKarlsruhe Newfoundland
InstituteofEconomicTheory AntoineJouglet FacultyofBusiness
andOperationsResearch CNRS Administration
Karlsruhe,Germany Compie`gne,France St.John’s,Canada
xii