Table Of ContentHandbook of Scales
for Research in Crime
and Delinquency
Perspectives in
Law &
Psychology
Series Editor: BRUCE DENNIS SALES, University of Arizona, Tucson
Volume 1 THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
Edited by Bruce Dennis Sales
Volume 2 THE TRIAL PROCESS
Edited by Bruce Dennis Sales
Volume 3 JUVENILES' WAIVER OF RIGHTS
Legal and Psychological Competence
Thomas Grisso
Volume 4 MENTAL HEALTH LAW: Major Issues
David B. Wexler
Volume 5 HANDBOOK OF SCALES FOR RESEARCH
IN CRIME AND DELINQUENCY
Stanley L. Brodsky and H. O'Neal Smitherman
Volume 6 MENTALLY DISORDERED OFFENDERS
Perspectives from Law and Social Science
Edited by John Monahan and Henry J. Steadman
Handbook of Scales
for Research in Crime
and Delinquency
Stanley L. Brodsky
University of Alabama
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
and
H. O'Neal Smitherman
Partlow State School
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
PLENUM PRESS· NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Brodsky, Stanley L., 1939-
Handbook of scales for research in crime and delinquency.
(Perspectives in law & psychology; v. 5)
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Prisoners-Attitudes-Research-Statistical methods-Handbooks,
manuals, etc. 2. Juvenile delinquents-AHitudes-Research-Statistical
methods-Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Criminal behavior, Prediction of
Research-Statistical Methods, Handbooks, manuals, etc. 4. Scaling (Social
sciences)-Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Smitherman, H. O'Neal. 1949-
II. Title. III. Series: Perspectives in law and psychology; v. 5.
HV9274.B76 1982 364'.072 82·18142
ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-3302-9 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-3300-5
001: 10.1007/978-1-4613-3300-5
This limited facsimile edition has been issued
for the purpose of keeping this title available
to the scientific community.
© 1983 Plenum Press, New York
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical. photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
To the memory of my father, Harry Brodsky
S.L.B.
To my wife and family
H.o.S.
Acknowledgments
There are many colleagues and friends who have offered constructive suggestions
in the preparation of this handbook. Don Gottfredson, Michael Hindelang, and
Marvin Shaw served as an advisory committee and their ideas appear in many
ways throughout this handbook. We are grateful for their assistance and collab
oration.
Bruce Sales has been extraordinarily helpful; as editor of the Plenum Per
spective in Law and Psychology series, he has worked with us, adding consistency,
sense, and style to the text.
Ten years ago, in the very early stages of this effort, Linda Jacobson and
Jon Baughman joined in some of the early scale reviews. Since then, Glenda
Williamson invested heavily of her time and effort and performed the yeoperson's
work in searching out materials. Robin Ingall aided in the MMPI and CPI literature
review.
The Department of Psychology at the University of Alabama graciously
extended much support during development of this project. In particular, we
appreciate the secretarial and collegial help of Gwendolyn Thomas, Leona John
son, and Marjie Hall.
We also would like to extend our appreciation to Saleem Shah, Thomas
Lalley, and their colleagues at the Center for Studies in Crime and Delinquency
in the National Institute of Mental Health. The Center provided the financial
support necessary for the implementation of this project and the staff helped shape
early drafts of our ideas in many positive ways. For their scholarly perspectives
and kind assistance, we are much indebted.
We are most grateful to the individuals and organizations that are referenced
below, who have granted us permission to use their scales in this volume.
Accessibility Scale by Irving Jacks. Reprinted from the Journal o/Criminal Law and Criminology,
1964, 55, 100--106, with petmission of the author and the Journal of Criminal Law and
Criminology.
Aggression-Altruism Scale by K. S. Larsen. Reprinted from the Journal 0/ Personality Assessment,
1971,35,275-281, with petmission of the Journal of Personality Assessment.
vii
viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Aggression in Youth by R. Dembo. Reprinted from the British Journal of Criminology, 1973,13,
246, with permission of t~e Institute for the Study and Treatment of Delinquency.
Anger Disposition Scale by Donald L. Loy is reprinted with permission of the author.
Attitude toward Any Institution by I. V. Kelley. Reprinted from the Purdue University Studies in
Higher Education, 1934,35, 18-36, with permission of the University of Chicago Press.
Attitude toward Capital Punishment by L. L. Thurstone. Reprinted from Motion Pictures and
Attitudes of Children, University of Chicago Press, 1932, with permission of the University
of Chicago Press.
Attitudes toward Government Workers by P. B. Weston. Reprinted from Criminology, 1965, 6,
83-96, with permission of the author and Sage Publications.
Attitudes toward Juvenile Delinquency by Nicholas A. Reuterman is reprinted with permission of
the author.
Attitudes toward Juvenile Detention by Don M. Gottfredson is reprinted with permission of the
author.
Attitude toward Law and Justice Scale by C. L. Hulin and B. A. Maher is reprinted with permission
of the authors.
Attitudes towards Offenders and Mental Patients by R. E. Lamy. Reprinted from the Journal of
Consulting Psychology, 1966,30, 450-455, with permission of the author and the American
Psychological Association.
Attitude toward Police by Jerri Linn Phillips and Robert Coates is reprinted with permission of the
authors.
Attitudes toward Police (Competency/Hostility) by Mary Love is reprinted with permission of the
author.
Attitude toward Police Questionnaire by D. Bouma. Reprinted from Kids and Cops, 1969, with
permission of the author and the William B. Eerdsmans Publishing Company.
Attitude toward the Law by J. P. Martin and J. P. McConnell. Reprinted from Criminology, 1972,
13, 111-116, with permission of the authors and Sage Publications.
Attitude toward the Law Scale by Katz Timkovich. Reprinted from Scales for the Measurement
of Social Attitudes, L. L. Thurstone (Ed.), the University of Chicago Press, 1931, with
permission of the University of Chicago Press.
Attitudes toward the Prevalence of Stealing by J. Ball. Reprinted from the Journal of Criminal
Law and Criminology, 1957,48. 259-274, with permission of the author and the Journal of
Criminal Law and Criminology.
Attitude toward Prisoners Scale by Kenneth Melvin is reprinted with permission of the author.
Awareness of Limited Opportunity Scale by Judson R. Landis is reprinted with permission of the
author.
Behavior Cards by R. M. Stogdill. Reprinted from The Stogdill Behavior Cards: A Test-1nterview
for Delinquent Children. Stoelting Company, 1941, with permission of the Stoelting Company.
Behavior Prediction Scale by S. Rettig. Reprinted from the British Journal of Criminology, 1964,
5. 582-590, with permission of the author and the Institute for the Study and Treatment of
Delinquency.
Beverly-Grant Opinion Schedule by Robert S. Beverly is reprinted with permission of the author.
Capital Punishment Attitude Questionnaire by G. L. Jurow. Reprinted from the Harvard Law
Review. 1971,84. 567--{)11, with permission of the author and the Harvard Law Review.
Children's Perceptions of the Police by R. L. Derbyshire. Reprinted from the Journal of Criminal
Law. Criminology. and Police Science, 1968,59. 183-190, with permission of the author
and the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science.
Citizen Perceptions of Police Scale by R. I. Klyman and J. Kruckenberg. Reprinted from the
Journal of CriminalJustice. 1974, 2, 219-233, with permission of the authors and Permamon
Press, Inc.
Clues Test by Robert B. Mills is reprinted with permission of the author.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix
Competency Screening Test by L. D. Lipsitt, D. Lelos, and L. McGarry. Reprinted from The
American Journal of Psychiatry, 1971, 128, 137-141, with pennission of the author and The
American Psychiatric Association.
Comprehensive Miranda Rights Scale by J. Thomas Grisso is reprinted with permission of the
author.
Compulsive Masculinity Scale by Ira J. Silvennan is reprinted with pennission of the author.
Correctional Institutions Environment Scale by Rudolf Moos, sample items reprinted with per
mission of the author.
Correctional Staff Evaluation Scale by A. D. Cheatwood. Reprinted from the Journal of Research
in Crime and Delinquency, July, 1974, II, 173-179, with permission of the National Council
on Crime and Delinquency.
Criminal Attitude Scale by A. J. W. Taylor. Reprinted from Journal ofC riminal Law, Criminology,
and Police Science, 1968,59, 37-40, with pennission of the author and the Journal of Criminal
Law, Criminology, and Police Science.
Criminal Profile by J. Gunn and G. Robertson. Reprinted from the British Journal of Criminology,
1976,16, 156--160, with pennission of the author and the Institute for the Study and Treatment
of Delinquency.
Criminality Level Index by W. Reckless. Reprinted from Criminology, 1966, 6, 71-82, with
permission of the author and Sage Publications.
Criminally Insane Attitude Scale by Jaswant L. Khanna is reprinted with permission of the author.
Cynicism Questionnaire by Arthur Niederhoffer is reprinted with pennission of the author.
Delinquency Checklist by J. A. Kulik, K. B. Stein, and T. R. Sarbin. Reprinted from the Journal
of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 1968, 32, 375-382, with permission of the authors
and the American Psychological Association.
Delinquency Potential Scale by E. K. E. Gunderson is reprinted with pennission of the author.
Delinquency Proneness Scale by T. F. Marshall. Reprinted from the British Journal of Criminology ,
1973, 13, 227-236, with pennission of the Institute for the Study and Treatment of Delin
quency.
Delinquency Questionnaire by M. L. Erickson. Reprinted from the Journal of Criminal Law,
Criminology, and Police Science, 1972, 63, 388-395, with pennission of the author and the
Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science.
Delinquency Scale (PN Version) by D. R. Peterson, H. D. Quay, and G. R. Cameron. Reprinted
from the Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1959,23, 395-399, with pennission of the author
and the American Psychological Association.
Delinquent Attitudes and Self-Esteem Scale by S. A. Rathus and L. J. Siegel. Reprinted from
Adolescence, 1973,8, 265-276, with pennission of Libra Publishers, Inc.
Differential Behavioral Classification System by Herbert C. Quay is reprinted with permission of
the author.
Ethics Inventory by C. G. Watson is reprinted with pennission of the author.
Family-Change Scale by D. P. Schneller. Reprinted from The American Journal of Co"ection,
1975,37, 29-33, with permission of the author and the American Correctional Association.
Family Infonnation Test by P. S. Venezia. Reprinted from the Journal of Research in Crime and
Delinquency, 1968,5, 148-173, with pennission of the National Council in Crime and De
linquency and the Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency.
Future Events Test by Kenneth B. Stein is reprinted with permission of the author.
Hopelessness Scale by A. T. Beck, A. Weissman, D. Lester, and L. Trexler. Reprinted from
Consulting Psychology, 1974,42, 861-865, with permission of the authors and the American
Psychological Association.
Hostility and Aggression Scale by R. T. Green and G. Santori. Reprinted from Peace Research,
1969, 1,13-22, with permission of the Canadian Peace Research Institute.
Hostility and Aggression Scales by R. Blackburn is reprinted with permission of the author.
x
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Index of Conformity to Staff Expectations by Stanton Wheeler. Reprinted from American Socio
logical Review, 1961, 26, 699-712, with pennission of the author and the American Socio
logical Association.
The Inmate Perception on Impact by T. G. Eynon, H. E. Allen, and W. C. Reckless. Reprinted
from Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 1971,8,93-107, with permission of
the authors and National Council on Crime and Delinquency.
Inmates' Perception of Significant Others by D. H. Chang, C. H. Zastro, and D. L. Blazicek.
Reprinted from International Journal of Criminology and Penology, 1975, 3, 85-96, with
permission of the authors and Academic Press.
Inmate Personality Survey by Kenneth A. Carlson is reprinted with permission of the author.
Institutional Life Questionnaire by D. Marcus. Reprinted from British Journal of Criminology,
1969, 9, 272-281, with pennission of the Institute for the Study and Treatment of Delinquency.
Integrative Delinquency Scale by C. Davis and J. H. Panton. Reprinted from Clinical Psychology,
1974,30, 186-189, with pennission of the authors and the Journal of Clinical Psychology.
Intentionality in Criminal Situations Scale by Charles Blake Keasey is reprinted with permission
of the author.
Interpersonal Personality Inventory by K. B. Ballard, R. H. Foren, J. Neiswonger, R. Fowler, J.
Belasco, and R. Taylor. Reprinted from Interpersonal Personality Inventory Manual, Sep
tember, 1963, 1966, with permission of the authors and the American Justice Institute.
Jesness Inventory by C. F. Jesness. Sample items reprinted from The Jesness Inventory: Devel
opment and Validation, California Youth Authority Research Report No. 29, March 1972,
with permission of the author.
Judicial Role Perception Scale by T. D. Ungs and L. R. Baas. Reprinted from Law and Society
Review, 1972,6, 343-366, with permission of the authors and the Law and Society Association.
Juvenile Court Volunteer Effectiveness Interview Scale by Charles R. Horejsi is reprinted by
permission of the author.
Law Encounter Severity Scale by A. D. Witherspoon, D. K. deValera, W. O. Jenkins. Reprinted
from The Law Encounter Severity Scale (LESS): A Criterion for Criminal Behavior and
Recidivism, Experimental Manpower Laboratory for Corrections, 1973, with permission of
the author and the Rehabilitation Research Foundation.
Law Enforcement Perception Questionnaire by F. Lee. Reprinted from Manual for the Law Per
ception Questionnaire, Psychometric Affiliates, 1970, with pennisison of the author and the
Center for the Study of Crime, Law Enforcement, and Corrections.
Legal Attitudes Questionnaire by V. R. Boehm. Reprinted from Wisconsin Law Review, 1968,
1968, 734-750, with pennission of the author and the Wisconsin Law Review.
Legal Dangerousness Scale by Joseph J. Cocozza is reprinted with permission of the author.
Maladaptive Behavior Record by W. O. Jenkins is reprinted with permission of the author.
Means-Ends Problem-Solving Procedure by Jerome J. Platt is reprinted with pennission of the
author.
Miniature Situations Test by S. Santostefono is reprinted with permission of the author.
Organizational Structure and Prisonization Scale by Charles W. Thomas is reprinted by permission
of the author.
Parental Punitiveness Scale by R. Epstein, S. S. Komorita. Reprinted from Journal of Child
Development, 1965, 36, 129-142, with permission of the Society for Research in Child
Development.
Perceptions of Police Scales by I. Hadar and J. R. Snorturn. Reprinted from Criminal Justice and
Behavior, 1975, 2, 37-54, with permission of the author and Sage Publications.
Police-Citizen Interaction Rating Scales by D. Cruse and J. Rubin. Reprinted from Journal of
Psychiatry and Law, 1973, 1, 167-222, with permission of Federal Legal Publications, Inc.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi
Police-Citizen Interaction Rating Scales by David Martin and Jon McConnell. Reprinted from
Criminology, 1972, /0, 111-116 with permission of Sage Publications.
Police Task Preference Questionnaire by R. Olson. Reprinted from Personnel Journal, December,
1970, 49, \0 15-1 020, with permission of the Personnel Journal.
The Prison Adjustment Index by Marvin E. Wolfgang is reprinted with permission of the author.
Prison Fantasy Questionnaire by Benjamin Beit-Halahni is reprinted with permission of the author.
Prison Profile Inventory by Hans Toch is reprinted from Living in Prison: The Ecology of Human
Survival, New York: Free Press, 1977, with permission of the author and Free Press.
Prisoners' Attitude Scales by G. P. Alpert and D. A. Hicks. Reprinted from Criminology, 1977,
14, 461-482, with permission of the authors and Sage Publications.
Probation Officer-Client Relationship Valence Scale by Romine R. Deming is reprinted with
permission of the author.
Problem Checklist by Frances H. Simon. Reprinted from Prediction Methods in Criminology, Her
Majesty's Stationery Office, 1971, with permission of the author and Her Majesty's Stationery
Office.
Public Offender Counseling Inventory by R. C. Page and R. Myrick. Reprinted from Criminal
Justice and Behavior, 1978,5, 141-150, with permission of the authors and Sage Publications.
Reaction Inventory: Anger by David R. Evans is reprinted with permission of the author.
Recidivism Outcome Index by D. O. Moberg and R. C. Ericson. Reprinted from Federal Probation,
1972,36, 50-57, with permission of the authors and Federal Probation Quarterly.
Rehabilitation in Correctional Settings Attitude Scale by Ronald Rice is reprinted with permission
of the author.
Risk Perception Questionnaire by Daniel S. Claster is reprinted with permission of the author.
Self-Attitude Inventory by L. A. Bennett, D. E. Sorensen, and H. Forshay. Reprinted from Research
in Crime and Delinquency, 1971, with permission of the authors and National Council on
Crime and Delinquency.
Self-Reported Delinquency Scales by W. R. Arnold. Reprinted from Social Problems, 1965. 15,
59-66, with permission of Social Problems.
Self-Reported Delinquency Scale by D. T. Farrington. Reprinted from the Journal of Criminal
Law and Criminology, 1973,64. 99-110, with permission of the Journal of Criminal Law
and Criminology.
Self-Reported Delinquency Scales by F. 1. Nye and J. F. Short. Reprinted from American Soci
ological Review, 1957,22, 326-331, with permission of the authors and American Sociological
Association.
Seriousness of Delinquency Scale by D. H. Kelly and R. W. Winslow. Reprinted from British
Journal of Criminology, 1970, /0,124-135, with permission of the Institute for the Study of
Crime and Delinquency.
Teenage Slang Test by Kulik, Sarbin, and Stein is reprinted with permission of the authors.
Traits Indicating Attitude Scale by G. Russon. Reprinted from Corrective Psychiatry and Social
Therapy, 1969, 15, 38-48, with permission of Corrective and Social Psychiatry.
Value Orientation Scale by Judson R. Landis is reprinted with permission of the author.
Violence Scale by J. M. Andrew. Reprinted from CriminalJustice and Behavior, 1974, 1, 123-130,
with permission of the author and Sage Publications.
The Way It Looks to Me-Self-Concept Inventory by Walter C. Reckless is reprinted by permission
of the author.
Weekly Activity Record by W. O. Jenkins is reprinted by permission of the author.
What Teenagers Think by Kenneth V. Stein is reprinted by permission of the author.
