Table Of ContentHandbook of Research on
Practices and Outcomes
in Virtual Worlds and
Environments
Harrison Hao Yang
State University of New York at Oswego, USA
Steve Chi-Yin Yuen
The University of Southern Mississippi, USA
Volume I
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Senior Editorial Director: Kristin Klinger
Director of Book Publications: Julia Mosemann
Editorial Director: Lindsay Johnston
Acquisitions Editor: Erika Carter
Development Editor: Hannah Abelbeck
Production Editor: Sean Woznicki
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Cover Design: Nick Newcomer
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Handbook of research on practices and outcomes in virtual worlds and environments / Harrison Hao Yang and Steve Chi-Yin
Yuen, editors.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: “This book not only presents experienced professionals with the most recent and advanced developments in the
field, but it also provides clear and comprehensive information for novice readers, introducing theoretical aspects and
first-hand practices in virtual world development and use”--
Provided by publisher.
ISBN 978-1-60960-762-3 (hardcover) -- ISBN 978-1-60960-763-0 (ebook) -- ISBN 978-1-60960-764-7 (print & perpetual
access) 1. Shared virtual environments. 2. Internet in education. 3. Internet games. I. Yang, Harrison Hao, 1964- II. Yuen,
Steve Chi-Yin, 1953-
QA76.76.I59H365 2011
004.67’8071--dc23
2011014614
British Cataloguing in Publication Data
A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.
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ser sth authors, but not necessarily of the publisher.
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List of Reviewers
Ruifang Hope Adams, State University of New York at Empire State College, USA
Trevor Barker, University of Hertfordshire, UK
Jenny Baum, The New York Public Library, USA
Belinda M. Cambre, University of New Orleans, USA
Chaka Chaka, Walter Sisulu University, South Africa
C. Candace Chou, University of St. Thomas, USA
Wajeeh Daher, Al-Qasemi Academic College of Education, Israel & An-Najah National University,
Palestine
Lisa Dethridge, RMIT University, Australia
Michelle W. L. Fong, Victoria University, Australia
Michele Fumarola, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
Christos Gatzidis, Bournemouth University, UK
Caroline M L Ho, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Sunhong Hwang, The University of Houston, USA
Shalin Hai-Jew, Kansas State University, USA
Athanassios Jimoyiannis, University of Peloponnese, Greece
Emil R. Kaburuan, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan (R.O.C)
Samuel Cruz-Lara, LORIA / INRIA Nancy - Grand Est, France
Mauro Maia Laruccia, Universidade Braz Cubas & Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Brazil
Lin Lin, University of North Texas, USA
Yuliang Liu, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, USA
Kate Lyons, The Hostos Community College Library, USA
Eileen O’Connor, State University of New York at Empire State College, USA
Tarik Osswald, LORIA / INRIA Nancy - Grand Est, France
M. Yasar Ozden, Middle East Technical University,Turkey
.de Hyungsung Park, Kyonggi University, Republic of Korea
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r sth Ismo Rakkolainen, University of Tampere, Finland
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Sharon Stoerger, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, USA
Glenn T. Tsunokai, Western Washington University, USA
Scott J. Warren, University of North Texas, USA
Yi Yang, Franklin University, USA
Hong Zhan, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, USA
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List of Contributors
Adams, Ruifang Hope / State University of New York at Empire State College, USA .....................606
Baek, Youngkyun / Boise State University, USA ...............................................................................686
Barker, Trevor / University of Hertfordshire, UK .............................................................................462
Barrera, Sergio / Virtualware, Spain ................................................................................................166
Baum, Jenny / New York Public Library, USA ..................................................................................384
Bellalem, Lotfi / University of Lorraine, France ...............................................................................665
Bellalem, Nadia / University of Lorraine, France .............................................................................665
Bonk, Curtis J. / Indiana University, USA ........................................................................................307
Buchberger, Michelle / Franklin University, USA ............................................................................622
Burden, David / Daden Ltd, UK .........................................................................................................19
Cabello, José Manuel / Innovalia Association, Spain .......................................................................166
Camal, Jean-Pierre / University of Lorraine, France .......................................................................665
Cambre, Belinda M. / University of New Orleans, USA...................................................................255
Chaka, Chaka /, Walter Sisulu University, South Africa ...................................................................236
Chen, Chien-Hsu / National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan .........................................................270
Chen, Pinde / South China Normal University, China ......................................................................414
Chou, C. Candace / University of St. Thomas, USA .........................................................................551
Collado, Antonio / Carsa, Spain ........................................................................................................166
Cowell, Andrew J. / Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA ..................................................722
Cruz-Lara, Samuel / LORIA / INRIA Nancy - Grand Est, France ...........................................166, 665
Daher, Wajeeh / Al-Qasemi Academic College of Education, Israel & An-Najah National
University, Palestine ......................................................................................................................514
Davy-Jow, Stephanie L. / Liverpool John Moores University, UK ...................................................217
Decker, Summer J. / University of South Florida, USA ....................................................................217
Dethridge, Lisa / RMIT University, Australia ...................................................................................145
.d Farha, Nicholas W. / Logan University, USA ....................................................................................588
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.la Gatzidis, Christos / Bournemouth University, UK .............................................................................54
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Hai-Jew, Shalin / Kansas State University, USA ................................................................................97
Hart, Rama Kaye / University of St. Thomas, USA ..........................................................................551
Ho, Caloline M.L. / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore .................................................117
Hwang, Sunhong / The University of Houston, USA ........................................................................706
Jeng, Tay-Sheng / National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan ..........................................................270
Jimoyiannis, Athanassios / University of Peloponnese, Greece .......................................................327
Jumisko-Pyykkö, Satu / Tampere University of Technology, Finland ..............................................650
Kaburuan, Emil R. / National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan .....................................................270
Karagiorgi, Yiasemina /Ministry of Education and Culture, Cyprus ..............................................327
Kim, Hoe Kyeung / Cleveland State University, USA .......................................................................686
Kocaman-Karoglu, Aslihan / Middle East Technical University, Turkey ........................................400
Kucharski, Marcus Vinicius Santos / Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná & Pontifícia
Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brazil ...............................................................................75, 570
Lin, Lin / University of North Texas, USA ............................................................................................1
Liu, Yuliang / Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, USA .........................................................536
Lyons, Kate / Hostos Community College Library, USA ...................................................................384
McGrath, Allison R. / Vanderbilt University, USA ............................................................................34
O’Connor, Eileen / SUNY Empire State College, USA ......................................................................348
Osswald, Tarik / LORIA / INRIA Nancy - Grand Est, France ..................................................166,665
Ozden, M. Yasar / Middle East Technical University, Turkey ...........................................................400
Park, Hyungsung / Kyonggi University, Republic of Korea .............................................................479
Plankis, Brian / The University of Houston, USA ............................................................................706
Powers, Christa Ehmann / Smarthinking, Inc., USA .......................................................................368
Pragness, Craig / Bournemouth University, UK .................................................................................54
Radachy, Julie / Smarthinking, Inc., USA .........................................................................................368
Rakkolainen, Ismo / University of Tampere, Finland .......................................................................650
Riensche, Roderick M. / Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA ...........................................722
Rufer, Rosalyn / State University of New York at Empire State College, USA .................................606
Schofield, Damian / State University of New York at Oswego, USA ..................................200, 217,289
Slater, Stuart / University of Wolverhampton, UK .............................................................................19
Stoerger, Sharon / University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, USA. ........................................................431
Torres, Patricia Lupion / Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brazil .......................75, 570
Tsunokai, Glenn T. / Western Washington University, USA ..............................................................34
Versteegt, Cornelis / APM Terminals Maasvlakte II B.V., Netherlands ............................................635
Warren, Scott / University of North Texas, USA ..................................................................................1
Yang, Harrison Hao / State University of New York at Oswego, USA ......................................414, 620
.d Yang, Yi / Franklin University, USA ..........................................................................................307, 620
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Table of Contents
Preface ..............................................................................................................................................xxvii
Acknowledgment ..............................................................................................................................xxix
Volume I
Section 1
Social, Ethical, and Human Perspectives
Chapter 1
Ethical Considerations for Learning Game, Simulation, and Virtual World Design and Development .........1
Scott Warren, University of North Texas, USA
Lin Lin, University of North Texas, USA
Chapter 2
Enhancing Characters for Virtual Worlds and Interactive Environments through Human-Like
Enhancements .......................................................................................................................................19
Stuart Slater, University of Wolverhampton, UK
David Burden, Daden Ltd, UK
Chapter 3
Virtual Hate Communities in the 21st Century .....................................................................................34
Glenn T. Tsunokai, Western Washington University, USA
Allison R. McGrath, Vanderbilt University, USA
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gir llA Craig Pragnell, Bournemouth University, UK
.la Christos Gatzidis, Bournemouth University, UK
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Chapter 5
Educational Research in Virtual Learning Environments: Possibilities for a New Ethnography .........75
Marcus Vinicius Santos Kucharski, Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná & Pontifícia
Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brazil
Patricia Lupion Torres, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brazil
Chapter 6
Thin Screen: The Creation of Depth Perception in Desktop Virtual Reality in Alignment with Human
Visual Perception ..................................................................................................................................97
Shalin Hai-Jew, Kansas State University, USA
Section 2
Virtual Communities, Applications, and Implications
Chapter 7
Virtual Museums: Platforms, Practices, Prospects .............................................................................117
Caroline M. L. Ho, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Chapter 8
Art and the Avatar in Virtual and Mixed-Reality Exhibition Space....................................................145
Lisa Dethridge, RMIT University, Australia
Chapter 9
Tourism in Virtual Worlds:Means, Goals and Needs ..........................................................................166
Samuel Cruz-Lara, LORIA / INRIA Nancy - Grand Est, France
José Manuel Cabello, Innovalia Association, Spain
Tarik Osswald, LORIA / INRIA Nancy - Grand Est, France
Antonio Collado, Carsa, Spain
José M. Franco, Avantalia, Spain
Sergio Barrera, Virtualware, Spain
Chapter 10
Virtual Evidence in the Courtroom .....................................................................................................200
Damian Schofield, State University of New York at Oswego, USA
Chapter 11
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se Identification of Human Remains .......................................................................................................217
r sthg Stephanie L. Davy-Jow, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
ir llA .la Summer J. Decker, University of South Florida, USA
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Chapter 12
Second Life and World of Warcraft: Harnessing Presence Learning ..................................................236
Chaka Chaka, Walter Sisulu University, South Africa
Chapter 13
The Next Frontier in Public Education: Cyber Charter Schools .........................................................255
Belinda M. Cambre, University of New Orleans, USA
Chapter 14
Isn’t it Real? Experiencing the Virtual Church in Second Life® .......................................................270
Emil R. Kaburuan, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Chien-Hsu Chen, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Tay-Sheng Jeng, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Section 3
Strategies and Impacts on Professional Development
Chapter 15
Using Simulators for Training ............................................................................................................289
Damian Schofield, State University of New York at Oswego, USA
Chapter 16
Quality Assurance for Online Programs: Roles, Responsibilities, and Leadership Styles of Higher
Education Administrators ....................................................................................................................307
Yi Yang, Franklin University, USA
Curtis J. Bonk, Indiana University, USA
Chapter 17
Teacher Professional Development through Virtual Campuses: Conceptions of a ‘New’ Model ......327
Athanassios Jimoyiannis, University of Peloponnese, Greece
Maria Gravani, Open University of Cyprus, Cyprus
Yiasemina Karagiorgi, Ministry of Education and Culture, Cyprus
Chapter 18
Practical Considerations when Using Virtual Spaces for Learning and Collaboration, with Minimal
Setup and Support ...............................................................................................................................348
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ir llA .la “In the Office”:Communication in Virtual Environments ..................................................................368
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Volume II
Chapter 20
Librarianship Presence in Virtual Worlds ...........................................................................................384
Jenny Baum, New York Public Library, USA
Kate Lyons, Hostos Community College Library, USA
Chapter 21
A Web-Based Training Experience in Turkey:A University-National Police Collaboration ..............400
M. Yasar Ozden, Middle East Technical University, Turkey
Nuray Gedik, Middle East Technical University, Turkey
Aslihan Kocaman-Karoglu, Middle East Technical University, Turkey
Chapter 22
A Preliminary Look at the Development on Websites of Higher Education Institutions ...................414
Harrison Hao Yang, State University of New York at Oswego, USA
Na Yao, Shanghai Normal University, China
Pinde Chen, South China Normal University, China
Section 4
Pedagogical Design and Implementations
Chapter 23
Breaking Away: How Virtual Worlds Impact Pedagogical Practices..................................................431
Sharon Stoerger, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, USA
Chapter 24
Online Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) Community ........................................................................451
Michelle W. L. Fong, Victoria University, Australia
Chapter 25
Usability and Affordances for Teaching and Learning in Second Life ...............................................462
Trevor Barker, University of Hertfordshire, UK
Chapter 26
Virtual Worlds as a Learner Centered Environment for Spatial Reasoning ........................................479
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ir llA .la Collaborative Learning: A Way to Transform Learning and Instruction in Online Courses ..............491
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