Table Of ContentHandbook of
Pollution and
Hazardous
Materials
Compliance
Environmental Science and Pollution Control Series
1. Toxic Metal Chemistry in Marine Environments, Muhammad Sadiq
2. Handbook of Polymer Degradation, edited by S. Halim Hamid,
Mohamed B. Amin, and AH G. Maadhah
3. Unit Processes in Drinking Water Treatment, Willy J. Masschelein
4. Groundwater Contamination and Analysis at Hazardous Waste
Sites, edited by Suzanne Lesage and Richard E. Jackson
5. Plastics Waste Management: Disposal, Recycling, and Reuse,
edited by Nabil Mustafa
6. Hazardous Waste Site Soil Remediation: Theory and Application
of Innovative Technologies, edited by David J. Wilson and Ann
N. Clarke
7. Process Engineering for Pollution Control and Waste Minimization,
edited by Donald L Wise and Debra J. Trantolo
8. Remediation of Hazardous Waste Contaminated Soils, edited by
Donald L. Wise and Debra J. Trantolo
9. Water Contamination and Health: Integration of Exposure Assess-
ment, Toxicology, and Risk Assessment, edited by Rhoda G. M.
Wang
10. Pollution Control in Fertilizer Production, edited by Charles A.
Hodge and Neculai N. Popovici
11. Groundwater Contamination and Control, edited by Uri Zoller
12. Toxic Properties of Pesticides, Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff and
John A. King
13. Combustion and Incineration Processes: Applications in Environ-
mental Engineering, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded,
Walter R. Niessen
14. Hazardous Chemicals in the Polymer Industry, Nicholas P. Chere-
misinoff
15. Handbook of Highly Toxic Materials Handling and Management,
edited by Stanley S. Grossel and Daniel A. Crowl
16. Separation Processes in Waste Minimization, Robert B. Long
17. Handbook of Pollution and Hazardous Materials Compliance: A Source-
book for Environmental Managers, Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff and
Madelyn Graffia
Additional Volumes in Preparation
Biosolids Technology and Management, edited by Mark J. Girovich
Handbook of
Pollution and
Hazardous
Materials
Compliance
A Sourcebook for
Environmental Managers
Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff
Madelyn Graffia
National Association of Safety and Health Professionals, Inc.
Morganville, New Jersey
Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York* Basel• Hong Kong
ISBN: 0-8247-9704-3
The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities.
For more information, write to Special Sales/Professional Marketing at the
address below.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Copyright © 1996 by MARCEL DEKKER, INC. All Rights Reserved.
Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, micro-
filming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher.
MARCEL DEKKER, INC.
270 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016
Current printing (last digit):
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
PREFACE
This book has been written as a guide for environmental health and
safety managers. Many companies today combine the management of
environmental and occupational safety and health issues under one
division, group, or even focal individual. Indeed this makes a great deal
of sense because of direct as well as subtle interrelations between the
environmental statutes and OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Act)
regulations. This is particularly true when implementing RCRA,
CERCLA/SARA, or even TSCA, since specific OSHA safety standards
are applicable.
This volume provides an overall working reference for environmental
managers so that they can gain a working knowledge of the
environmental/safety statutes and therefore a rapid understanding of what
their organization/company must do in order to comply. There are ten
chapters to this book. Chapter 1 covers the Federal Hazard
Communication Act and elements common to individual state Right-To-
Know legislation. Chapter 2 provides an overview of the OSHA
regulations, with emphasis given to hazardous waste handling operations
and emergency response. Chapter 3 provides a concise overview of the
Clean Air Act and its amendments. Chapter 4 covers the Clean Water
Act, and Chapter 5 covers the Safe Drinking Water Act. Chapters 6
through 10 cover statutes and subject matter which are closely linked
regarding solid waste management and landfill disposal practices.
Chapter 6 provides a discussion of the Comprehensive Environmental
Responsibility, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), and
Chapter 7 covers SARA (Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act). Both CERCLA and SARA have commonly been referred to by the
general public as Superfund Laws and are often linked with RCRA
(Resource Conservation and Recovery Act), which is covered in
Chapter 8. Chapter 9 provides an overview of the technical requirements
Hi
iv Preface
for managing facilities and issues associated with facility and property
transfers. Finally, Chapter 10 covers overall management skills and
concepts for multimedia facilities.
The authors have written this book both as a textbook for
environmental management students and as a working reference for the
environmental and health and safety manager. Its intent is to provide
working knowledge of the compliance issues that must be met by all
companies.
A special thanks is extended to the many students who have been
instructed by the authors at New Jersey Institute of Technology and the
Center for Environmental Management at Fairleigh Dickinson
University, as they have helped shape ideas impacting on the
organization of content. Additionally, gratitude is extended to the
publisher for the fine production of this volume.
Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff
Madelyn Graffia
CONTENTS
Preface in
Chapter 1. The Hazard Communication Act
What Is the Hazard Communication Act? 1
Purposes of the Hazard Communication Act 1
Hazard Communication: A Historical
Perspective 4
Impacts of Other Agencies 5
What Are Hazards? 6
What Are Hazardous Chemicals? 7
Scope and Application of the Standard 12
Hazard Determination 14
The Written Hazard Communication
Program 16
Labels and Placards 21
The Material Safety Data Sheet 26
Employee Information and Training 41
Trade Secrets 45
Chapter 2. The Occupational Safety and Health Act: Hazardous
Waste Operations and Emergency Response
Introduction 49
Safety and Health Programs 51
Employee Training and Medical
Surveillance Program 55
Respiratory Protection and Personal
Protective Equipment 58
Decontamination Procedures 59
vi Contents
Air Monitoring and Instrumentation 62
Emergency Response Operations 64
Enforcement and Interaction with
Other Regulations 65
Suggested Reading 68
Chapter 3. The Clean Air Act
Introduction 71
Historical Perspective 71
National Ambient Air Quality Standards 76
Title III - Hazardous Air Pollutants 77
State Hazardous Pollutant Control Programs 78
Solid Waste Combustion 79
Incinerators 80
Enforcement 81
Case Studies 84
Suggested Reading 87
Chapter 4. The Clean Water Act
Introduction 89
The Causes of Water Pollution 93
Regulatory Intent 95
Industries Affected by the Act 98
The Permit and Enforcement Program 100
The CWA and Current Wastewater
Treatment Technologies 130
The CWA and Its Relations to Other Statutes . . .. 139
Pending Reauthorization of the CWA 142
Key CWA Technologies and Concepts 146
Suggested Reading 160
Chapter 5. The Safe Drinking Water Act
Introduction and Overview 163
Key Provisions 167
Enforcement 176
Chronological Listing of Federal Register
Notices for Drinking Water Regulations 184
Suggested Reading 197
Contents vii
Chapter 6. The Comprehensive Environmental Responsibility,
Compensation, and Liability Act
Introduction 213
Liability 213
Financial Responsibility 215
National Contingency Plan 216
Abatement Action 221
Reportable Quantities 221
Response Authorities 223
Employee Protection 225
Use of Funds 225
Claims Procedure 227
Litigation Jurisdiction and Venue 229
Relationship to Other Laws 229
Authority to Delegate Issue Regulations 230
Title II - Hazardous Substance Response
Revenue Act of 1980 230
Subtitle B - Establishment of Hazardous
Substance Trust Fund 231
Administrative Provisions 234
Subtitle C - Post-Closure Tax
and Trust Fund 234
Post-Closure Liability Trust Fund 235
Title III - Miscellaneous Provisions 235
Effective Dates, Savings Provision 237
Expiration, Sunset Provision 237
Conforming Amendments 237
Legislative Veto 238
Transportation 238
Separability 239
Superfund Reform Act of 1994 239
Suggested Reading 247
Chapter 7. The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
Historical Perspective 249
Superfund Legislation 249
SARA Legislation 252
Impact of SARA on CERCLA 258
CERCLA's Relationship to Other Legislation . . .. 260
