Table Of ContentHandbook of
Plastics and Rubber
Additives
Second Edition
Volume 1-2
Compiled by
Michael and Irene Ash
Synapse Information Resources
© Synapse Information Resources, Inc. 2005(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:22)
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by an means, elec-
tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of Synapse Information Resources, Inc.
Published by
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Library of Congress Catalog
Control Number 2004115725
ISBN Number (cid:28)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:16)(cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:28)(cid:22)(cid:23)(cid:26)(cid:25)(cid:23)(cid:16)(cid:24)(cid:19)(cid:16)(cid:22)
Printed in the U.S.A.
iv
Preface
The Handbook of Plastic and Rubber Additives, Second Edi- material description; its detailed functions and applications in
tion has been completely revised and describes approximately all aspects of industry; physical properties, such as form,
20,000 trade name products and generic chemicals that act as molecular weight, density, solubility, boiling point, cloud point,
functional additive ingredients in the formulation of plastic and flash point, pH, freezing point, activity; toxicology, storage, pre-
rubber products. The extensive information about these chem- cautions, etc.
icals and materials has been gathered from more than 3700
worldwide manufacturers, their subsidiaries, and distributors. Part II-- Chemical Component Cross-Reference covers
more than 4000 chemicals and materials that are contained in
Plastic additives are a diverse group of specialty chemicals the trade name products profiled in Part I or generic chemicals
that are either incorporated into the plastic product prior to or that are not linked to trade names but are used in the formula-
during processing, or applied to the surface of the product tion of plastics and rubber. Each entry contains information
when processing has been completed. These additives aid in including the following: CAS (Chemical Abstract Service),
the manufacture of the plastic end product (e.g., blowing EINECS/ELINCS (European Inventory of Existing Commercial
agents, mold release agents, lubricants, organic peroxides) or Chemical Substances/European List of Notified Chemical Sub-
improve the characteristics of the final product (antimicrobials, stances), and UN/DOT reference numbers, classification, defi-
flame retardants, odorants, pigments, reinforcing agents, anti- nition, chemical synonyms, empirical and molecular formulas,
stats, impact modifiers, and heat/light stabilizers). properties, toxicology, precautions, storage, uses, use level,
regulatory details, manufacturers and distributors. All chemi-
Natural rubbers and synthetic elastomers derive their commer- cal/material synonyms are cross-referenced back to the main
cial versatility from the incorporation of additives classified into entry. Entries, in this section, include a listing of the trade
three categories: antidegradants (including antiozonants and name products that are either equivalent to this chemical or
antioxidants), accelerators and vulcanizing agents, and spe- contain it as one of its ingredients.
cialty additives (e.g., blowing agents, plasticizers, flame retar-
dants, softeners). Part III— Functional/Application Index is a powerful tool for
locating the trade names and chemicals based on their func-
Choosing optimal ingredients in the overall process of develop- tion and/or industrial application area. By searching for key
ing new and innovative plastic and rubber products involves functional words such as antiblocking agent, activator, blowing
both function and economic considerations. Additives remain agent, flexibilizer, etc., combined with a specific application
an expensive component of the formulated product. Additive area, such as plastic film/sheet, cable/wire insulation, medical
manufacturers are faced with the imperative to develop prod- products, automotive parts, etc., the user is directed to the
ucts that not only enhance the overall processability and func- trade names and/or chemicals that have that specific func-
tionality of the plastic and rubber end products, but to satisfy tional/application attribute. The generic component names are
environmental and health demands as well. The challenge to distinguished from the trade names by boldfaced type.
the plastics and rubber industries is to innovate and improve
functionality while adhering to more requirements and con- Part IV— Manufacturers Directory contains detailed contact
straints. information for worldwide manufacturers, their branches, and
distributors of trade name products and chemical components
This reference coalesces current and essential information that are referenced in this handbook. Wherever possible, tele-
about both trade name and chemical additives into a single phone, telefax, toll-free numbers, e-mail and Internet
source and expedites additive selection for the user by cross- addresses, and complete mailing addresses are included for
referencing trade name products by chemical composition, each company.
function, CAS number and EINECS number.
Appendix
The book is divided into four parts and includes an Appendix: CAS Number Index contains CAS number entries followed by
a listing of their trade name product and chemical equivalents
Part I-- Trade Name Reference provides an alphabetical list- in alphabetical order. The chemical name is in boldfaced type.
ing of approximately 16,000 trade name chemical and material
additives that are used in formulating plastic and rubber prod- EINECS/ELINCS Number Index contains EINECS/ELINCS
ucts. Each entry includes the manufacturer's name; chemical/ number entries followed by a listing of its trade name product
vii
and generic chemical equivalents in alphabetical order. The addition to their reference library. We are also pleased to pro-
chemical names are in boldfaced type. vide this reference as an electronic product..
This reference is the culmination of many years of research,
Glossary contains definitions of terminology associated with investigation of product sources acquired through personal
plastic and rubber chemicals and materials. contacts and correspondences with major chemical manufac-
turers worldwide, as well as toxicological databases, chemical
We are confident that those involved in any aspect of the plas- references, trade magazines and journals.
tic and rubber industry will find this compendium an important
M. & I. Ash
viii
Contents
Volume 1 of 2
Preface ...................................................................................................................................................vii
Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................................................ix
Part I Trade Name Reference..............................................................................................................1
Part II Chemical Component Cross-Reference............................................................................1039
Part III Functional/Application Index..............................................................................................1695
Part IV Manufacturer’s Directory....................................................................................................1975
Appendix ...............................................................................................................................................2063
CAS Number Index..............................................................................................................2065
EINEC/ELINCS Number Index.............................................................................................2140
Glossary...............................................................................................................................2180
v
Abbreviations
abs. absolute B/S butadiene/styrene
ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene BSI British Standards Institute
absorp. absorption BSS British Standard Sieve
ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygien- Btu British thermal unit
ists B.U. Brabender units (viscosity)
ACN acrylonitrile BVC British Veterinary Codex
act. active BVO brominated vegetable oil
ADI acceptable daily intake (FAO/WHO) byprod. byproduct(s)
ADR adverse drug reactions C degrees Centigrade
AEL acceptable exposure limit CAA Clean Air Act
adsorp. adsorption CAB cellulose acetate butyrate
agric. agricultural calcd. calculated
agrochem. agrochemical cap. capillary
a.i. active ingredient CAS Chemical Abstracts Service
AIHA American Industrial Hygiene Association CC closed cup
alc. alcohol cc cubic centimeter(s)
Am., Amer. American CCFAC Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants
amts. amounts CCl carbon tetrachloride
4
anhyd. anhydrous CD completely denatured
ANSI American National Standards Institute CDA completely denatured alcohol
AOC assimilable organic carbon CEL corporate exposure limit
APHA American Public Health Association CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,
API Active Pharmceutical Ingredients & Liability Act (U.S.)
applic(s). application(s) CFC chlorofluorocarbon
aq. aqueous CFN Council on Food & Nutrition (Am. Medical Assoc.)
AS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene CFR Code of Federal Regulations (U.S.)
ASA acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile cfu colony-forming units
ASBC Am. Society of Brewing Chemists cGMP current good manufacturing practice (U.S. FDA)
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ch. Chapter
ATH alumina trihydrate char. characteristic, characterized
atm atmosphere chel. chelation
at.wt. atomic weight chem(s). chemical(s)
autoignit. autoignition CI Color Index
aux(s). auxiliary, auxililaries CIIR chlorobutyl rubber
avail. available CIR Cosmetic Ingredient Review
avg. average cks centistoke(s)
a.w. atomic weight cl clear
BAC biological activated carbon CL ceiling concentration
BATF Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (U.S.) cm centimeter(s)
BDG butyl diglycol cm3 cubic centimeter(s)
BDOC biodegradable dissolved organic carbon CMC carboxymethylcellulose
BfArM Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (Fed- CMC critical Micelle concentration
eral Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Germany) c.m.p. capillary melting point
BGA Federal Republic of Germany Health Dept. certification CNS central nervous system
BgVV Bundesinsititut für Gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz CO carbon monoxide
und Veterinärmedizin (Federal Institute for Consumer COC Cleveland Open Cup
Health Protection and Veterinary Medicine) (Germany) COD chemical oxygen demand
BHA butylated hydroxyanisole coeff. coefficient
BHT butylated hydroxytoluene COF coefficient of friction
biochem. biochemical compat. compatible
biodeg. biodegradable compd(s). compound(s)
bldg. building compr. compression
blk. black conc(s). concentrated, concentration(s)
BMC bulk molding compound conduct. Conductive, conductivity
BOD biochemical oxygen demand const. constant
BP British Pharmacopeia contg. containing
b.p. boiling point cosolv. cosolvent
BR butadiene rubbers, polybutadienes CP Canadian Pharmacopeia
B&R Ball & Ring cp centipoise(s)
br., brn. brown CPE chlorinated polyethylene
brnsh. brownish cps centipoise(s)
BS British Standards CPVC chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
ix
CR chloroprene rubber, polychloroprene EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, ethylene-propylene ter-
cryst. crystalline, crystallization polymer
cs centistoke(s) EPR ethylene-propylene rubber
cSt centistoke(s) EPS expandable polystyrene
CTFA Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association equip. equipment
ctks centistoke(s) equiv. equivalent
CWA Clean Water Act ESCR environmental stress crack resistance
cwt hundred weight ESD electrostatic discharge
DAB Deutsche. Arzneibuch (German Pharmacopoeia) ESO epoxidized soybean oil
DAC Deutscher Arneimittel Codex (German Pharmacopoeia ESP electrostatic protection
Codex) esp. especially
D&C Drugs & Cosmetics EU European Union
dc direct current Eur.Ph. European Pharmacopeia
DE dextrose equivalent EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
DEA diethanolamide, diethanolamine evap. Evaporation
dec. decomposes exc. excellent
decomp. decomposition F degrees Fahrenheit
DEG diethylene glycol FA fatty acid
deliq. deliquescent FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (United Nations)
dens. density FAP Food Additive Petition (U.S.)
deriv(s). derivative(s) FCC Food Chemicals Codex
descrip. description FCC fluorochlorocarbon
dg decigram(s) FDA Food and Drug Administration (U.S.)
DI deionized FD&C Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics
diam. diameter FEMA Flavor and Extract Manufacturers’ Association (U.S.)
dielec. dielectric FEP fluorinated ethylene propylene
dil. dilute FFA free fatty acid
DIN Deutsches Institut fuer Normung (German Standards Orga- FFDCA Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
nization) FG food grade
disp. dispersible, dispersion FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (U.S.
dissip. dissipation EPA)
dist. distilled FKM fluoroelastomer
distort. distortion fl fluid
distrib. distributor flamm. flammable, flammability
dk. dark flex. flexural
DMF dimethyl formamide FNB Food and Nutrition Board
DMF Drug Master Files f.p. freezing point
DO dissolved oxygen FP French Pharmacopoeia
D.O. dissolved oxygen FR flame retardant
DOC dissolved organic carbon FR-ABS flame retardant ABS
DOM dissolved organic matter FRP fiberglass-reinforced plastics
DOP dioctyl phthalate F-T Fischer-Tropsch
DOT Department of Transportation (U.S.) ft foot, feet
DPG diphenyl guanidine, dipropylene glycol f.w. formula weight
DSB dry solids basis G giga
DSI Canadian Provisional Domestic Substance list g gram(s)
DTUL deflection temperature under load gal gallon(s)
DVB divinylbenzene g/d gram/dyne
DW distilled water, deionized water GFRP glass fiber-reinforced plastic
DWV drainage, waste and vent G-H Gardner-Holdt
eb, EB electron beam GI gastro-intestinal
EC European Community glac. glacial
EC50 environmental concentration, 50% GLP good laboratory practice
EDTA ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid GLY glycine
EE epoxy equivalent GMP good manufacturing practice
EEC European Economic Community gpd gallons per day
EED environmental endocrine disrupter gpm gallons per minute
EEW epoxide equivalent weight GPPS general purpose polystyrene
e.g. for example gpt gallons per ton
EGC Epoxide Group Content gr. gravity
EINECS European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Sub- gran. granules, granular
stances GRAS generally regarded as safe
elec. electrical grn(sh). green. greenish
ELINCS European List of Notified Chemical Substances GRP glass-reinforced plastics, glass-reinforced polyester
elong. elongation GVS Gardner varnish scale (color)
EMI electromagnetic interference GWP Global warming potential
EMS electromagnetic shielding h hour(s)
ENB 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene HAF high abrasion furnace carbon black
EO ethylene oxide HALS hindered amine light stabilizer
EP European Pharmacopoeia HAP hazardous air pollutant
EP extreme pressure HAPS hazardous air pollutants
EPA Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.) HAP's hazardous air pollutants
x
HB horizontal burning LDPE low-density polyethylene
HC hydrocarbon LED light-emitting diode
HCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbon lel lower explosive level
HCl hydrochloride, hydrochloric acid lg. large
HDPE high-density polyethylene liq. liquid
HDT heat distortion (deflection) temp. LLDPE linear low-density polyethylene
HFC hydrofluorocarbon LMDPE linear medium-density polyethylene
Hg mercury LOEL lowest observed effect level
HIPS high-impact polystyrene lt. light
HLB hydrophilic lipophilic balance Ltd. Limited
HMIS Hazardous Material Identification System LVP low vapor pressure
hr hour(s) M mega
HTST high temperature short-time pasteurization M mole
HEUR hydrophobically modified ethoxylate urethane m milli
HVAC heating, ventilation, air conditioning m meter(s)
HVP hydrolyzed vegetable protein m- meta
hyd. hydroxyl manuf. manufacturer
hydrog. hydrogenated max. maximum
Hz hertz mbar millibar
IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer (United MCF methyl chloroform
Nations) MCL maximum contaminant level
i.b.p. initial boiling point MCT medium chain triglycerides
IDLH immediately dangerous to life and health MD machine direction, mold direction
I&I industrial and institutional MEA monoethanolamine, monoethanolamide
IIR isobutylene-isoprene rubber mech. mechanial
IM intramuscular med. medium
immisc. immiscible MEK methyl ethyl ketone
IMP inosine monophosphate mfg. manufacture
in. inch(es) mg milligram(s)
Inc. Incorporated mgd million gallons/day
inc. increases, increased MIBK methyl isobutyl ketone
INCI International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient microcryst. microcrystalline
incl. including microgran. microgranules, microgranular
incompat. incompatible MID Meat Inspection Division (USDA)
incorp. Incorporated, incorporation MIL Military Specifications
indent. indentation mil 0.001 inch
ing. ingestion min minute(s)
ingred(s). ingredient(s) min. mineral
inh. inhalation min. minimum
inj. injection MIPA monoisopropanolamine, monoisopropanolamide
inorg. inorganic misc. miscible, miscellaneous
INS International Numbering System for Food Additives MITI Japanese Inventory of Chemical Substances (list)
insol. insoluble mixt(s). mixture(s)
Int’l. International ml milliliter(s)
IOFI International Organization of the Flavor Industry MLD minimum lethal dose
IP intraperitoneal mm millimeter(s)
IPA isopropyl alcohol MMAP modified mixed aniline point
IPM isopropyl myristate MMW-HDPE medium molecular weight high density polyethylene
IPP isopropyl palmitate mN millinewton(s)
IR isoprene rubber (synthetic), polyisoprene mo, mos month(s)
irreg. irregular mod. moderately
IU International Unit mod. modulus
IV intravenous monocl. monoclinic
J joule m.p. melting point
JCIC Japanese Cosmetic Ingredients Codex mPa·s millipascal-second(s)
JCID Japanese Cosmetic Ingredients Dictionary mppcf million particles per cubic foot
JECFA Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives MRL maximum residual limits
JP Japanese Pharmacopoeia MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
JSCI Japanese Standard of Cosmetic Ingredients MT medium thermal
JSFA Japan Standards for Food Additives mus mouse
k kilo MVTR moisture vapor transmission rate
KB Kauri-Butanol m.w. molecular weight
kg kilogram(s) N normal
KTPP potassium tripolyphosphate nat. natural
KU Krebs units NB nonbreaking
l liter(s) N/B nitrile-butadiene
lb pound(s) NBR nitrile rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber
LC50 lethal concentration 50% NC nitrocellulose
LCLo lethal concentration low NCI National Cancer Institute
LD0 lethal dose 0% need. needles
LD50 lethal dose 50% neg. negative
LDLo lowest published lethal dose neut. neutral, neutralized
xi
NF National Formulary pkg. packaging
NFPA National Fire Protection Association PM, P-M Pensky-Martens
ng nanogram PMCC Pensky-Martens closed cup
NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
nm nanometer PMOC Pensky-Martens open cup
no. number PO propylene oxide
NO nitrous oxide POC particulate organic carbon
2
NO nitrogen oxides POE polyoxyethylene, polyoxyethylated
x
polyunsat. polyunsaturated
NOEL no observed effect level
PoM prescription-only medicine
NOI not otherwise indexed (U.S. DOT)
POM polyoxymethylene
nonalc. nonalcoholic
POP polyoxypropylene, polyoxypropylated
nonaq. nonaqueous
POP's persistant organic pollutants
nonbiodeg. nonbiodegradable
powd. powder
nonflamm. nonflammable
PP polypropylene
nonyel. nonyellowing
ppb parts per billion
N.O.S. not otherwise specified (transport regulations)
PPE polyphenylene ether
NPRI National Pollutant Release Inventory (Canada)
PPG polypropylene glycol
NR natural rubber, isoprene rubber (natural)
pph parts per hundred (percent)
NSF National Sanitation Foundation, National Standards Foun-
ppm parts per million
dation
PPO polyphenylene oxide
NTP National Toxicology Program (U.S.)
PPS polyphenylene sulfide
NV nonvolatiles
ppt parts per trillion
o- ortho
pract. practically
OBPA oxybisphenoxarsine
prep(s). preparation(s)
OC open cup
prod. product(s), production
ODC ozone-depleting compound
props. properties
ODP ozone-depletion potential
PS polystyrene
OEL occupational exposure limit
ps poise
OEM original equipment manufacturer
psi pounds per square inch
OMS odorless mineral spirits
psia pounds per square inch absolute
org. organic
psig pounds per square inch gauge
orig. original
pt. point
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration (U.S.)
Pt-Co platinum-cobalt
OTC over-the-counter
PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
o/w oil-in-water
PTMEG polytetramethylene ether glycol
oz ounce
PU polyurethane
p- para
PUF polyurethane foam
Pa Pascal
PUR polyurethane
PBT polybutylene terephthalate
PVA polyvinyl alcohol
pbw parts by weight
PVAc polyvinyl acetate
PC polycarbonate
PVAL polyvinyl alcohol
PCB polychlorinated biphenyl
PVB polyvinyl butyral
pcf pounds per cubic foot
PVC polyvinyl chloride
PCMX p-chloro-m-xylenol
PVC-P plasticized polyvinyl chloride
PCP Pest Control Product Act, 1972 (Canada)
PVC-U unplasticized polyvinyl chloride
PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
PVDC, PVdC polyvinylidene chloride
PDIS primary dermal irritation score
PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
PE polyethylene
PVM polyvinyl methyl ether
PEEK polyetheretherketone
PVM/MA polyvinyl methyl ether/maleic anhydride
PEG polyethylene glycol
PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
PEIS primary eye irritation score
PWB partial weight bearing
PEK polyetherketone
qt quart
PEL permissible exposure level
quat. quaternary
perc perchloroethylene
R&B Ring & Ball
percut. percutaneous
rbt rabbit
PES polyether sulfone
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (U.S. EPA
PET polyethylene terephthalate
40CFR §261)
petrol. petroleum
R&D research and development
PFPE perfluoropolyether
RDA recommended daily allowances
PG propylene glycol
rdsh. reddish
pH hydrogen-ion concentration
rec. recommended
Ph. Pharmacopoeia
ref. refractive
Ph.Eur. European Pharmacopoeia
reg. registry
PHA phosphonohyroxyacetic acid
regs. regulations
pharm. pharmaceutical
REL recommended exposure limit
Ph.Eur. European Pharmacopoeia
rep. represents
phr parts per hundred of rubber or resin
resist. resistance, resistant, resistivity
PIB polyisobutylene
resp. respectively
PIN product identification number
RFI radio frequency interference
PIR polyisocyanurate
r.h. relative humidity
Pk peak concentration
rhomb. rhombic
xii
RIM reaction injection molded/molding TKPP tetrapotassium pyrophosphate
RO reverse osmosis TLV Threshold Limit Value
rpm revolutions per minute TLV-CL Threshold Limit Value/ceiling limit
RQ reportable quantity TLV-STEL Threshold Limit Value/short therm exposure limit
R.T. room temperature TLV-TWA Threshold Limit Value/time weighted average
RTECS Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (U.S.) TMC thick molding compound
RTM resin transfer molding TOC Tag open cup, total organic carbon
RTV room temperature vulcanizing tox. toxicity
RV recreational vehicle TPE thermoplastic elastomer
s second(s) TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
s- secondary TRI Toxic Release Inventory
SADT self accelerating decomposition temp. TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act
SAN styrene-acrylonitrile tsp teaspoon
sapon. saponification TSS total suspended solids
SARA Superfund Amendments & Reauthorization Act (U.S.) TWA time weighted average
sat. saturated TWC time weighted concentration
S/B styrene/butadiene typ. typical
SBR styrene/butadiene rubber uel upper explosive limits
SBS styrene-butadiene-styrene UF urea formaldehyde
SD specially denatured UF ultra filtration
SDA specially denatured alcohol UHF ultra high frequency
SE self-emulsifying UHMW ultra high molecular weight
SEBS styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene UHMWPE ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
sec. secondary UHT ultra high temperature
semicryst. semicrystalline UL Underwriter’s Laboratory
semiliq. semiliquid UN No. United Nations Substance Identification Number (for trans-
semisyn. semisynthetic port purposes)
sl. slight, slightly unsat. unsaturated
sm. small UPVC unplasticized polyvinyl chloride
SMA styrene maleic anhydride USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture
SMC sheet molding compound USFA United States Food Additives
SMG succinylated monoglycerides USP United States Pharmacopeia
SNAP Significant New Alternative Policy (U.S. EPA) uv, UV ultraviolet
soften. softening V volt
sol. soluble, solubility VA vinyl acetate
solid. solidification VAE vinyl acetate ethylene
sol’n. solution VC vinyl chloride
solv(s). solvent(s) VCA vinyl chloride-acrylic
sp. specific VdC, VDC vinylidene chloride
spec. specification, specialty veg(s). vegetable, vegetables
SPF sun protection factor visc. viscous, viscosity
spp. non-specified species VM&P Varnish Makers and Painters
SRF semireiniforced furnace VOC volatile organic compounds
SS stainless steel vol. volume
SSU Saybolt Universal Seconds v/v volume by volume
std. standard wh. white
STEL short term exposure limit WEEL Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (U.S.)
Stod. Stoddard solvent WFC World Food Council
STP standard temperature and pressure WHMIS Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (Can-
str. strength ada)
subcut. subcutaneous WHO World Health Organization (United Nations)
subl. sublimes wks weeks
surf. surface w/o water-in-oil
SUS Saybolt Universal Seconds wt. weight
susp. suspension w/v weight by volume
syn. synthetic w/w weight by weight
t tertiary XLPE crosslinked polyethylene
TAPPI Technical Association of the Pulp & Paper Industry X-PE crosslinked polyethylene
TBHQ tert-butyl hydroquinone yel. yellow
TCC Tag closed cup ylsh. yellowish
TCLo toxic concentration low yr year
TDI toluene diisocyanate # number
TDLo toxic dose low % percent
TDS total dissolved solids < less than
TEA triethanolamine, triethanolamide > greater than
tech. technical ≤ less than or equal to
temp. temperature ± plus or minus
tens. tensile, tension ≥ greater than or equal to
tert tertiary @ at
THF tetrahydrofuran α alpha
THMs trihalomethanes β beta
TIPA triisopropanolamine δ,∆ delta
xiii
