Handbook of Peace and Conflict Studies

423 Pages·2007·2.77 MB·English

Handbook of Peace and
Conflict Studies
The fields of peace and conflict studies have grown exponentially since their initiation in
Scandinavia about a half century ago by Johan Galtung. They have forged a transdisciplinary
and professional identity distinct from security studies, political science and International
Relations.
The Routledge Handbook of Peace and Conflict Studies offers a cutting-edge and transdisciplinary
overview of the main issues, debates, state-of-the-art methods and key concepts in peace and
conflict studies today. The volume is divided into four sections, commencing with ‘Under-
standing and Transforming Conflict’, moving sequentially through ‘Creating Peace’ and ‘Sup-
porting Peace’, and culminating with ‘Peace Across the Disciplines’. Each section features new
essays by distinguished international scholars and/or professionals working in peace studies and
conflict resolution and transformation. Drawing from a wide range of theoretical, method-
ological and political positions, the editors and contributors offer topical and enduring
approaches to peace and conflict studies.
This book will be essential reading for students of peace studies, conflict studies and conflict
resolution. It will also be of interest and use to practitioners in conflict resolution and NGOs, as
well as policymakers and diplomats.
Charles Webel is currently Fulbright Senior Specialist in Peace and Conflict Studies. During
2005, he was Director of the Centre of Peace Studies and a professor of social science at the
University of Tromsø, Norway. He is the author of Terror, Terrorism, and the Human Condition
(2005) and co-author with David P. Barash of Peace and Conflict Studies (2002).
Johan Galtung is widely acknowledged as the founder of peace studies and peace research. He
has published extensively in these fields. He is currently co-director of TRANSCEND, a global
network of peace scholars and conflict transformers.

Handbook of Peace and
Conflict Studies
Edited by
Charles Webel and Johan Galtung
First published 2007
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routedge
270 Madison Avenue, New York NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor and Francis Group, an informa business
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2007.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”
© 2007 Selection and editorial matter Charles Webel and Johan Galtung; individual chapters,
thecontributors
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or
by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Handbook of peace and conflict studies / edited by Charles Webel and Johan Galtung.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Peace-building. 2. Conflict management. I. Webel, Charles. II. Galtung, Johan.
JZ5538.H36 2007
303.6′6—dc22
2006027025
ISBN 0-203-08916-2 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN10: 0–415–39665–4 (hbk)
ISBN10: 0–203–08916–2 (ebk)
ISBN13: 978–0–415–39665–3 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978–0–203–08916–3 (ebk)
Contents
List of Illustrations viii
Notes on Contributors ix
Introduction 1
1 Introduction: toward a philosophy and metapsychology of peace 3
Charles Webel
2 Introduction: peace by peaceful conflict transformation – the
TRANSCENDapproach 14
Johan Galtung
Part 1: Understanding and transforming conflict
3 Negotiationandinternationalconflict 35
Fen Osler Hampson, Chester A. Crocker and Pamela R. Aall
4 Mediation 51
Sara Horowitz
5 FormerYugoslaviaandIraq:acomparativeanalysisof internationalconflict
mismanagement 64
Jan Oberg
6 Peace studies and peace politics: multicultural common security in
North–South conflict situations 86
Kinhide Mushakoji
v
CONTENTS
7 Disarmament and survival 94
Marc Pilisuk
8 Nuclear disarmament 106
David Krieger
Part 2: Creating peace
9 Counselling and training for conflict transformation and peace-building:
the TRANSCEND approach 123
Wilfried Graf, Gudrun Kramer and Augustin Nicolescou
10 Nonviolence: more than the absence of violence 143
Jørgen Johansen
11 Human rights and peace 160
Jim Ife
12 Reconciliation 173
Joanna Santa-Barbara
13 Peace as a self-regulating process 187
Dietrich Fischer
Part 3: Supporting peace
14 Gender and peace: towards a gender-inclusive, holistic perspective 209
Tony Jenkins and Betty A. Reardon
15 Peace business: an introduction 232
Jack Santa-Barbara
16 Peace Journalism 248
Jake Lynch and Annabel McGoldrick
17 Peace psychology: theory and practice 265
Antonella Sapio and Adriano Zamperini
18 Rethinking peace education 279
Alicia Cabezudo and Magnus Haavelsrud
Part 4: Peace across the disciplines
19 Peace studies as a transdisciplinary project 299
Chadwick F. Alger
vi
CONTENTS
20 The spirit of war and the spirit of peace: understanding the role of religion 319
Graeme MacQueen
21 International law: amid power, order and justice 333
Richard Falk
22 The language-games of peace 345
Anat Biletzki
23 Peace and the arts 355
Patrick McCarthy
24 Peace through health? 367
Neil Arya
Part 5: Conclusion
25 Peace and conflict studies: looking back, looking forward 397
Johan Galtung and Charles Webel
Index 401
vii
List of Illustrations
Tables
2.1 Peace by peaceful conflict transformation: a TRANSCEND model 17
2.2 Ten faultline dimensions and two levels of organization 21
2.3 Peace: negative and positive, direct, structural, cultural 31
13.1 Eight components of peace 188
13.2 Some examples of positive and negative feedback loops 189
13.3 Six defects of a feedback system, with possible remedies 192
13.4 Some potential remedies against the six basic defects in social
feedback systems 203
15.1 Traditional and peace business paradigms 242
16.1 Galtung’s table 251
17.1 Differences between traditional psychology and peace psychology 269
19.1 Functions appearing in names of UN Systems agencies 305
Figures
11.1 Rights and responsibilities: individual and collective 169
17.1 Three interactional responses to an attack 273
17.2 Interactive-emotional model 275
18.1 Relationships in time and space 281
18.2 The dialectics between theory and practice 285
19.1 Emergence of peace tools in the League of Nations and the UN
system 302
23.1 Paradise Now, silkscreen and paint on canvas 365
24.1 Peace through health working model 379
24.2 Breaking the chain of war: medical peace action in a framework of
prevention 383
viii
Notes on Contributors
Pamela R. Aall is Vice President for Education at the US Institute of Peace. She is also
President of Women in International Security, an organization dedicated to promoting the
visibility and influence of women in foreign affairs. With Chester A. Crocker and Fen Osler
Hampson, she is co-editor of several books, including Turbulent Peace: The Challenges of Managing
International Conflict (2001) and Grasping the Nettle: Analyzing Cases of Intractable Conflict (2005).
She also is co-author of Taming Intractable Conflicts: Mediation in the Hardest Cases (2004) and the
Guide to IGOs, NGOs and the Military in Peace and Relief Operations (2000). Her research interests
include mediation in inter- and intra-state conflicts, non-official organizations in conflict man-
agement and resolution, and the role of education in exacerbating conflict and promoting
reconciliation.
Chadwick F. Alger is Mershon Professor of Political Science and Public Policy Emeritus, the
Ohio State University. His research and teaching has focused on three linked themes. First is
the development of long-term strategies for peace-building. He was Secretary General of the
International Peace Research Association from 1984 to 1987. Second is the expanding peace-
building roles of some 30 organizations in the UN system, with special interest in the roles of
NGOs/civil society. For a number of years he conducted extensive field research at the UN
Headquarters in New York City and at the headquarters of the UN and UN Specialized
Agencies in Geneva, Switzerland. Third is the world relations of people and organizations in
local communities. He is author of The United Nations System: A Reference Manual (2006) and
editor of The Future of the UN System: Potential for the Twenty First Century (1998). He was
President of the International Studies Association, 1978–79.
Neil Arya is a family doctor involved with projects on violence reduction in El Salvador (post-
conflict) and mental health in Palestine (active conflict). He has been a lecturer on Peace
through Health both at McMaster and the University of Waterloo, and holds academic posi-
tions in Environment and Resource Studies at the University of Waterloo, and Family
Medicine both at McMaster University and the University of Western Ontario. He has served
as President of Physicians for Global Survival and Vice President of International Physicians for
the Prevention of Nuclear War. Dr Arya has published on health effects of small arms and
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