Handbook of Parenting: Styles, Stresses, and Strategies (Family Issues in the 21st Century)

436 Pages·2009·4.24 MB·English

by  Pacey H. Krause

Family Issues in the 21st Century Series

H P : S ,
ANDBOOK OF ARENTING TYLES
STRESSES AND STRATEGIES

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F I 21ST C S
AMILY SSUES IN THE ENTURY ERIES

Handbook of Parenting: Styles, Stresses and Strategies
Pacey H. Krause and Tahlia M. Dailey (Editors)
ISBN: 978-1-60741-766-8
Family Issues in the 21st Century Series

H P : S ,
ANDBOOK OF ARENTING TYLES
STRESSES AND STRATEGIES

PACEY H. KRAUSE
AND
TAHLIA M. DAILEY
EDITORS

Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
New York
Copyright © 2009 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Handbook of parenting styles, stresses, and strategies / [edited by] Pacey H. Krause and Tahlia M.
Dailey.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-1-61668-575-1 (E-Book)
1. Parenting--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Parenting--Psychological aspects--Handbooks,
manuals, etc. 3. Parent and child--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 4. Parent and child--Psychological
aspects--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Krause, Pacey H. II. Dailey, Tahlia M.
HQ755.8.H3336 2009
155.6'46--dc22
2009025479

Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. (cid:30)  New York
CONTENTS

Preface vii
Chapter 1 Parenting Practices and Child Mental Health Outcomes 1
Ippolyti Vassi, Alexandra Veltsista and Chryssa Bakoula
Chapter 2 The Importance of Brain and Physiological Systems Research
in the Study of Parenting Behaviors 15
Susan B. Perlman and Linda A. Camras
Chapter 3 Parental Monitoring: Overview and the Development of Two
Retrospective Scales 19
Lisa Thomson Ross and Maribeth L. Veal
Chapter 4 Parenting in the Context of Marginalization: Moving
towards a Comprehensive Framework 37
Kelly E. McShane and Nicole Schaefer-McDaniel
Chapter 5 Addressing Attrition Rates: New Directions in Administering
Parent Training 53
Shannon S.C. Bert and Jaelyn R. Farris
Chapter 6 Antenatal Education: Preparing For Parenthood 63
Jane Svensson
Chapter 7 Goodness of Fit between Parenting Style and Child Temperament:
Special Challenges with Slow-to-Warm-Up Infants 87
Jessica Stoltzfus and Katherine Karraker
Chapter 8 Maternal Emotional Availability and Infant Smiling and Crying at 5
Months of Age 111
G. Esposito, P. Venuti, S. de Falco and M. H. Bornstein
Chapter 9 Working Class Mothering: Exploring Strengths and Values
Val Gillies
Chapter 10 Child-Parent Relations as a Mutual Opportunity for a Significant
Developmental Encounter with the “Other” 141
Esther Cohen and Neta Ofer-Ziv
vi Contents
Chapter 11 Amount of Time in Extracurricular Activities Impact on Parenting
and Adolescent Behavior Problems 165
Andrea D. Mata, Katherine C. Schinka and Manfred H.M. van
Dulmen
Chapter 12 Strategy and Practice of Support for Multiple Birth
Families: Evidence-Based Care and Population Approach
with Human Network 175
Syuichi Ooki
Chapter 13 The Effect of Familial Factors on the Management
of Childhood Obesity 241
Moria Golan, Roni S. Enten and Danit R. Shahar
Chapter 14 The Role of the Family in Autistic Spectrum Conditions: Theory
and Practical Implications 259
Lisa A. Osborne & Phil Reed
Chapter 15 Parenting in the Context of Domestic Violence: Unique Stresses
and Outcomes 291
Erin Gallagher, Alissa Huth-Bocks and Alytia Levendosky
Chapter 16 Parenting Practices around Learning within Latino Communities:
Diversity and Associations with Children’s Outcomes 315
Nikki Aikens, Margaret Caspe, Sally Atkins-Burnett, Susan
Sprachman and Yange Xue
Chapter 17 Parenting Styles in Adolescence: The Role of Warmth, Strictness,
and Psychological Autonomy Granting in Influencing Collective
Self-Esteem and Expectations for the Future 341
Silvia Moscatelli and Monica Rubini
Chapter 18 Predictors of Maternal and Paternal Parenting Stress in Central
American Refugee Families with Adolescent Offspring 351
Noorfarah Merali
Chapter 19 Immigration Effects on Parenting, Stress, and Risky Sex
among Hispanic Immigrant Youth 371
Elizabeth Trejos-Castillo & Alexander T. Vazsonyi
Index 397
PREFACE

Families and parents have the most central and enduring influence on children's lives.
Parenthood is not instinctive, but is rather an evolutionary procedure throughout the child's
life-course. This book looks at the pattern of family structures, which has evolved as a result
of social, cultural and economic changes. An overview of parental monitoring and the
development of two new retrospective monitoring scales is examined. This book also focuses
on certain parenting styles, stressors, and practices which promote positive and negative child
behaviors. The goodness-of-fit concept is emphasized, which concentrates specifically on
how a poor fit between the temperament behaviors of infants and young children and parents'
expectations and parenting skills can stress and challenges the parent-child relationship and
potentially lead to poor child outcomes. Among other issues, this book addresses the relations
of maternal emotional availability with infant smiling and crying, the importance of
measuring parental brain and physiological systems, the effect of working class mothers on
their emotional availability to their children, and the variety of patterns that a parent must
adopt in daily life to cope with situations of conflict to promote processes of emotional and
social adaptation in their children.
Chapter 1 - Families and parents have the most central and enduring influence on
children’s lives. Parenthood is not instinctive, but is rather an evolutionary procedure
throughout the child’s life. In most settings parents are not prepared to raise children just after
childbirth. In order to become effective at their tasks they follow advice given by expert
professionals such as paediatricians, teachers, or even psychologists and psychiatrists;
through books, articles, and interviews; or by seeking their friends’ or family’s advice. In
addition, the parenting role is improved by increasingly receiving love and pleasure from their
children, their creation. This reciprocal relation and affection develops over time.
Chapter 2 - Efforts to understand the socialization of adaptive emotional functioning in
children have largely focused upon both laboratory observations and parents’ self-report of
their emotion socialization strategies. While some studies have also taken biological
mechanisms into account, these have focused on children’s physiological responding (e.g.,
cardiac vagal tone ). However, parental biological state and the manner by which this may
impact their children’s functioning have only begun to be examined. In this commentary, the
importance of measuring parental brain and physiological systems is examined. This gap in
the research literature may shed light on the indirect mechanisms by which parenting
behaviors may affect children’s emotional development.
viii Pacey H. Krause and Tahlia M. Daile
Chapter 3 - This chapter presents an overview of parental monitoring and describes the
development of two new retrospective monitoring scales. Parental monitoring has been
defined as a concern for the regulation, supervision, and management of behavior, such that
parents are aware of and regulatory of their children’s whereabouts, companions, and
activities (Pettit, Laird, Dodge, Bates, & Criss, 2001), or, more simply, as supervision of
youth and communication between parent and youth (Stanton et al., 2000). Monitoring is
associated with fewer behavioral and drug problems among children. Currently, there are no
convenient, retrospective scales of parental monitoring in general or of television monitoring
in particular that would allow a more complete understanding of this construct, including how
it might relate to subsequent behaviors.
To test some of the ideas summarized in this chapter, a report was developed of two
retrospective scales, the Parental Monitoring Scale (PMS) and the Television Monitoring
Scale (TMS). College students (N = 205) completed surveys regarding their family of origin
and individual characteristics and behaviors. The PMS and the TMS appear to have
acceptable internal consistency (alphas= .79 and .84, respectively). Scores on the PMS
significantly correlated with more healthy family functioning, and more intimacy and
autonomy in one’s family of origin. Furthermore, scores on both the PMS and TMS
correlated negatively with three measures of recent drinking, suggesting that young adults
who remembered more monitoring while growing up have decreased chances of developing
drinking problems in college. This study presents two new retrospective scales that measure
parental monitoring and television monitoring by parents. Both scales were internally
consistent and free from social desirability. Preliminary validity was established for the
Parental Monitoring Scale by showing it is indeed associated with healthier family
functioning as well as less subsequent drinking among college students. Limitations are
discussed, as are implications for use of these new scales and ideas for related future research.
Chapter 4 - In the past few decades, there has been increasing research on the relationship
between parenting behaviors and children’s developmental outcomes. Within this body of
literature, scholars have identified that certain parenting styles (e.g., parental warmth,
support) promote positive child behaviors, whereas harsh and authoritative parenting
practices are associated with negative child outcomes such as increases in aggression and
externalizing disorders (e.g., Bendersky et al., 2006; Krenichyn, Saegert, & Evans, 2001;
Patterson, 1992).
Chapter 5 - A substantial number of families participating in parent training interventions
do not benefit and instead experience negative treatment outcomes such as dropout, mediocre
engagement, and/or a lack of positive gains following intervention (Assemany & McIntosh,
2002). Spoth, Goldberg, and Redman (1999) found that 44% of families assigned to a 5-week
parenting intervention and 51% of families assigned to a 7-week parenting intervention failed
to attend any session. Gross and Grady (2002) reported that 26% of parents assigned to
attend group parenting sessions attended fewer than 10% of the sessions and subsequently
dropped out of the program. These data suggest that many participants find it difficult to
attend and completely adhere to programs consisting of training sessions, possibly due to
conflicting obligations. Researchers aimed at improving parenting skills and practices face the
question of how best to engage and retain their participants when many are working parents
who may also be highly involved in their communities and active with their children’s
education and extracurricular activities. In fact, Gross and Grady (2002) found that 32% of
participants enrolled in a 12-week parenting program reported that it was difficult for them to