Handbook of Optimization in Complex Networks: Communication and Social Networks

538 Pages·2012·11.727 MB·English

by  Regino Criado, Miguel Romance (auth.), My T. Thai, Panos M. Pardalos (eds.)

Springer Optimization and Its Applications
VOLUME58
ManagingEditor
PanosM.Pardalos(UniversityofFlorida)
Editor–CombinatorialOptimization
Ding-ZhuDu(UniversityofTexasatDallas)
AdvisoryBoard
J.Birge(UniversityofChicago)
C.A.Floudas(PrincetonUniversity)
F.Giannessi(UniversityofPisa)
H.D.Sherali(VirginiaPolytechnicandStateUniversity)
T.Terlaky(McMasterUniversity)
Y.Ye(StanfordUniversity)
AimsandScope
Optimization has been expanding in all directions at an astonishing rate
during the last few decades. New algorithmic and theoretical techniques
havebeendeveloped,thediffusionintootherdisciplineshasproceededata
rapidpace,andourknowledgeofallaspectsofthefieldhasgrownevenmore
profound.Atthe sametime, oneofthe moststriking trendsin optimization
is the constantly increasing emphasis on the interdisciplinary nature of the
field.Optimizationhasbeenabasictoolinallareasofappliedmathematics,
engineering,medicine,economics,andothersciences.
The series Springer Optimization and Its Applications publishes under-
graduate and graduate textbooks, monographs and state-of-the-art exposi-
tory work that focus on algorithms for solving optimization problems and
alsostudyapplicationsinvolvingsuchproblems.Someofthetopicscovered
include nonlinear optimization (convex and nonconvex), network flow
problems, stochastic optimization, optimal control, discrete optimization,
multi-objectiveprogramming,descriptionofsoftwarepackages,approxima-
tiontechniquesandheuristicapproaches.
Forfurthervolumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/7393

My T. Thai • Panos M. Pardalos
Editors
Handbook of Optimization
in Complex Networks
Communication and Social Networks
123
Editors
MyT.Thai PanosM.Pardalos
DepartmentofComputerandInformation DepartmentofIndustrialandSystems
ScienceandEngineering Engineering
UniversityofFlorida UniversityofFlorida
Gainesville,FL32611 303WeilHall
USA Gainesville,FL32611
[email protected]fl.edu USA
pardalos@ufl.edu
LaboratoryofAlgorithms
andTechnologiesfor
NetworksAnalysis(LATNA)
NationalResearchUniversity
HigherSchoolofEconomics20
Myasnitskayast.Moscow
101000
Russia
ISSN1931-6828
ISBN978-1-4614-0856-7 e-ISBN978-1-4614-0857-4
DOI10.1007/978-1-4614-0857-4
SpringerNewYorkDordrechtHeidelbergLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011938465
©SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC2012
Allrightsreserved.Thisworkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpartwithoutthewritten
permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York,
NY10013, USA),except forbrief excerpts inconnection with reviews orscholarly analysis. Usein
connectionwithanyformofinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,
orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdevelopedisforbidden.
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toproprietaryrights.
Printedonacid-freepaper
SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)
To ourfamilies!

Preface
Theoldest,shortestwords–“yes”and“no”–arethosewhich
requirethemostthought.
Pythagoras(GreekPhilosopher582BC–497BC)
One common problem that spans several diverse applications is the management
and derivation of knowledge from huge amounts of data, especially in scenarios
involvinghumanandsocialactivities.Inmanypracticalsituations,areal-lifedataset
can be represented as a large network (graph) – a structure that can be easily
understoodandvisualized.Furthermore,specialstructuresofgraphs,whenviewed
inthecontextofagivenapplication,provideinsightsintotheinternalstructureand
patternsofthedata.Amongthemanyexamplesofdatasetsthatcanberepresentedas
graphsaretheWebgraphderivedfromtheWorldWideWeb,theCallgrapharising
in telecommunicationstraffic data, and metabolic networks arising in biology. Of
particularinterestaresocialnetworks,inwhichverticesrepresentpeopleorgroups
ofpeople.
AlthoughtheconceptofanetworkrootsbacktotheancientGreekphilosopher
Pythagoras in his theory of cosmos (κo´σμ oς), the mathematical principles of
networks were first developed in the last century. The first book in networks
appearedin1936(D.Ko¨nig:TheoryofFiniteandInfiniteGraphs).Sincethen,there
hasbeenahugeexplosionofresearchregardingtheoreticaltoolsandalgorithmsin
theanalysisofnetworks.
OneofthemostexcitingmomentscameatthedawnofthenewMillenniumin
1999withthediscoveryofnewtypesofgraphs,calledcomplexnetworks.Examples
ofsuchwell-knownclassesofcomplexnetworksarescale-freenetworksandsmall-
worldnetworks.These classesofnetworksare characterizedbyspecific structural
features such as the power-law vertex degree distribution (scale-free networks)
and for the short path lengths, small diameter and high clustering (small-world
networks). Moreover, several other measures and features have been discovered,
andarerecentlythefocusofactiveresearchthatrelatedtothestructuralproperties
ofcomplexnetworks.Anewareaofcomplexnetworkshasbeenrapidlydeveloping,
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viii Preface
spanningseveraldisciplinessuchasmathematics,physics,computerscience,social
science,biology,andtelecommunications.
In our two volume handbook, an attempt was made to present a wide spec-
trum of recent developments with emphasis in both theory and applications on
complex networks. The first volume focuses on basic theory and properties of
complex networks, on their structure and dynamics, and optimization algorithmic
approaches.Thelastpartofthevolumeconcentratesonsomefeatureapplications.
Thesecondvolume,thisvolume,dealswiththeemergingissuesoncommunication
networks and social networks. It covers material on vulnerability and robustness
of complex networks. The second part is dedicated to complex communication
networks,discussingseveralcriticalproblemssuchastrafficactivitygraphanalysis,
throughput optimization, and traffic optimization. The last part of this volume
focuses on recent research topics on online social networks such as security and
privacy,socialawaresolutions,andpeoplerank.
We would like to take this opportunity to thank all authors, the anonymous
referees,andSpringerforhelpingustofinalizethishandbook.Ourthanksalsogoto
ourstudentsfortheirhelpduringtheprocessingofallcontributions.We hopethat
thishandbookwill encourageresearchonthe manyintriguingopenquestionsand
applicationsoncomplexnetworksthatstillremain.
Gainesville,FL MyT.Thai
PanosM.Pardalos
Acknowledgements
M. T. Thai is partially supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) and
DepartmentofDefensegrants.
P. M. Pardalos is partially supported by LATNA Laboratory, National Research
UniversityHigherSchoolofEconomics,RFgovernmentgrant,ag.11.G34.31.0057.
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