Handbook of microalgal culture : biotechnology and applied phycology

576 Pages·2004·5.75 MB·English

by  Amos Richmond

Handbook of
Microalgal Culture
Handbook of Microalgal
Culture: Biotechnology
and Applied Phycology
Edited by
Amos Richmond
(cid:2)2004byBlackwellScienceLtd Firstpublished2004
aBlackwellPublishingcompany
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9600GarsingtonRoad,OxfordOX42DQ,UK Handbookofmicroalgalculture:biotechnology
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Contents
List of Contributors ix
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xviii
Part I The Microalgae: With Referenceto Mass-Cultivation 1
1 The MicroalgalCell 3
Luisa Tomaselli
2 Photosynthesis inMicroalgae 20
Jirˇı´Masojı´dek, Michal Koblı´zˇek and Giuseppe Torzillo
3 Basic Culturing Techniques 40
Yuan-KunLee and Hui Shen
4 EnvironmentalStressPhysiology 57
Avigad Vonshak and GiuseppeTorzillo
5 EnvironmentalEffects on Cell Composition 83
QiangHu
Part II Mass Cultivation of Microalgae 95
6 Algal Nutrition 97
MineralNutrition
Johan U.Grobbelaar
7 Algal Nutrition 116
HeterotrophicCarbonNutrition
Yuan-KunLee
8 Biological Principlesof Mass Cultivation 125
Amos Richmond
9 Mass Production ofMicroalgae: Photobioreactors 178
Mario R. Tredici
v
vi Contents
10 Downstream Processing ofCell-mass and Products 215
E.Molina Grima, F.G.Acie´n Ferna´ndez and A. Robles Medina
PartIII EconomicApplications of Microalgae 253
11 Industrial Production ofMicroalgalCell-massand
SecondaryProducts – Major Industrial Species 255
Chlorella
HiroakiIwamoto
12 Industrial Production ofMicroalgalCell-massand
SecondaryProducts – Major Industrial Species 264
Arthrospira(Spirulina)platensis
Qiang Hu
13 Industrial Production ofMicroalgalCell-massand
SecondaryProducts – Major Industrial Species 273
Dunaliella
Ami Ben-Amotz
14 Industrial Production ofMicroalgalCell-massand
SecondaryProducts – Species of High Potential 281
Haematococcus
G.R. Cysewskiand R. Todd Lorenz
15 Industrial Production ofMicroalgalCell-massand Secondary
Products – Species of High Potential 289
Porphyridiumsp.
ShoshanaArad and Amos Richmond
16 Industrial Production ofMicroalgalCell-massand
SecondaryProducts – Species of High Potential 298
MassCultivationofNannochloropsisinClosedSystems
GraziellaChiniZittelli,LilianaRodolfi and Mario R. Tredici
17 Industrial Production ofMicroalgalCell-massand
SecondaryProducts – Species of High Potential 304
Nostoc
Han Danxiang, BiYonghongand HuZhengyu
18 Microalgaein Human and Animal Nutrition 312
WolfgangBecker
Contents vii
19 Microalgaefor Aquaculture 352
TheCurrentGlobalSituationandFutureTrends
Arnaud Muller-Feuga
20 Microalgaefor Aquaculture 365
MicroalgaeProductionforAquaculture
Oded Zmora and AmosRichmond
21 Microalgaefor Aquaculture 380
TheNutritionalValueofMicroalgaeforAquaculture
Wolfgang Becker
22 N -fixing Cyanobacteria as Biofertilizers inRiceFields 392
2
PierreRoger
23 Hydrogenand MethaneProduction by Microalgae 403
John R. Benemann
24 Water Pollution and Bioremediationby Microalgae 417
EutrophicationandWaterPoisoning
Susan Blackburn
25 Water Pollution and Bioremediationby Microalgae 430
WaterPurification:AlgaeinWastewaterOxidationPonds
Aharon Abeliovich
26 Water Pollution and Bioremediationby Microalgae 439
AbsorptionandAdsorptionofHeavyMetalsbyMicroalgae
DroraKaplan
27 Water Pollution and Bioremediationby Microalgae 448
ImpactsofMicroalgaeontheQualityofDrinkingWater
CarlJ.Soeder
Part IV New Frontiers 455
28 Targeted Genetic Modification of Cyanobacteria:
NewBiotechnological Applications 457
Wim F.J. Vermaas
29 Microalgaeas Platformsfor Recombinant Proteins 471
QingfangHe
viii Contents
30 Bioactive Chemicals in Microalgae 485
Olav M.Skulberg
31 Heterotrophic Production ofMarine Algae for Aquaculture 513
Moti Hareland AllenR. Place
32 N -fixing Cyanobacteria as a Gene Delivery System
2
for ExpressingMosquitocidalToxins ofBacillus
thuringiensissubsp.israelensis 525
Sammy Boussiba and Arieh Zaritsky
33 The Enhancement ofMarineProductivity for Climate
Stabilization and Food Security 534
Ian S.F. Jones
Index 545
List of Contributors
Prof. Aharon Abeliovich Department of Biotechnology Engineering,
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB
653, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel
Prof. Shoshana Arad Institute of Applied Biology, Ben-Gurion
University of the Negev, POB 653, 84105
Beersheva, Israel
Dr Wolfgang Becker Medical Clinic, University of Tuebingen, Tue-
bingen, Germany
Prof. Ami Ben-Amotz National Institute of Oceanography, Israel
Oceanographic and Limnological Research,
POB8030,TelShikmona,31080Haifa,Israel
Dr John R. Benemann 343CaravelleDrive,WalnutCreek,CA94598,
USA
Dr Bi Yonghong Department of Phycology, Institute of Hidro-
biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Wuhan,Hubei 430080, China
Dr Susan Blackburn CSIRO Microalgae Research Center, CSIRO
Marine Research GPO Box 1538, Hobart,
Tasmania 7001, Australia
Prof. SammyBoussiba Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-
Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker
Campus,84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
Dr G.R. Cysewski Cyanotech Corporation, 73-4460 Queen Kaa-
humanu,#102,Kailua-Kona,HI96740,USA
Dr F.G. Acie´n Ferna´ndez DepartamentodeIngenieriaQuimicaFacultad
de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de
Almeria,E-04120Almeria,Spain
Prof. E. Molina Grima Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica
Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Univer-
sidad deAlmeria, E-04120 Almeria,Spain
Prof. JohanU. Grobbelaar Botany and Genetics, University of the Free
State, POB 339, 9300 Bloemfontein, South
Africa
ix
x ListofContributors
Dr Han Danxiang Department of Phycology, Institute of Hidro-
biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan,
Hubei 430080, China
Dr Moti Harel Director of AquaNutrition, Advanced Bio-
Nutrition Corp., 6430-C Dobbin Road,
Columbia,MD 21045,USA
Prof. Hu Zhengyu Department of Phycology, Institute of Hidro-
biology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Wuhan,
Hubei 430080, China
Prof. HiroakiIwamoto 3-33-3Matsubara,Setagaya-ku,Tokyo156-0043,
Japan
Prof. Ian S.F. Jones Ocean Technology Group, JO5, University
of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Dr DroraKaplan Blaustein Institute for Desert Research,
Ben-GurionUniversityoftheNegev,SedeBoker
Campus,84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
Dr MichalKoblı´zˇek Institute of Microbiology, Academy of
Sciences, Opatovicky Mlyn 37981, Trebon,
Czech Republic
Dr R. Todd Lorenz Cyanotech Corporation, 73-4460 Queen
Kaahumanu, #102, Kailua-Kona, HI 96740,
USA
Dr Jirˇı´ Masojı´dek InstituteofMicrobiology,AcademyofSciences,
Opatovicky Mlyn 37981, Trebon, Czech
Republic
Dr A. Robles Medina DepartamentodeIngenieriaQuimicaFacultad
de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de
Almeria,E-04120Almeria,Spain
Prof. Arnaud Muller-Feuga Production et Biotechnologie des Algues,
IFREMER, Center de Nantes, BP 21,105,
44311 Nantes cedex 03,France
Prof. Allen R.Place University of Maryland Biotechnology Insti-
tute, Center of Marine Biotechnology, 701
E.Pratt st., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
Dr QiangHu SchoolofLifeSciences,POB874501,Arizona
StateUniversity,Tempe,AZ85287-4501,USA
Prof. QingfangHe Department of Applied Science, University
of Arkansas at Little Rock, ETAS 575, 2801
S. University Avenue, Little Rock, AR
72204-1099, USA
ListofContributors xi
Prof. AmosRichmond Blaustein Institute for Desert Research,
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker
Campus,84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
Dr Liliana Rodolfi Dipartimento Biotecnologie Agrarie, Universita`
degli Studi di Firenze, P. le delle Cascine 27,
50144 Firenze, Italy
Prof. PierreRoger Charge de Mission pour las Microbiologie,
Universite de Provence, CESB/ESSIL, Case 925,
163AvenuedeLuminy13288,Cedex9Marseille,
France
Dr Hui Shen Department of Microbiology, National Uni-
versity of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent,
Singapore 119260
Prof. Olav M. Skulberg Norwegian Institute for Water Research
(NIVA), Brekkeveien 19, POB 173, Kjelsaas,
N-0411, Oslo, Norway
Prof. CarlJ.Soeder Diemelst.5,D-44287,Dortmund,Germany
Dr Luisa Tomaselli CNR-Instituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi
(ISE), sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italia (CNR-
Institute for Ecosystem Studies, Department of
Florence,Florence,Italy)ViaMadonnadelPiano,
I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
Dr GiuseppeTorzillo CNR-Instituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi
(ISE), sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italia (CNR-
Institute for Ecosystem Studies, Department of
Florence, Florence, Italy) Via Madonna del
Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
Prof. Mario R.Tredici DipartimentodiBiotechnologieAgrarie,Universi-
ta’degli Studi di Firenze, P. le delle Cascine 27,
I-50144 Firenze, Italy
Prof. Wim F.J. Vermaas SchoolofLifeSciences,ArizonaStateUniversity,
Box 874501,Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA
Prof. Avigad Vonshak Blaustein Institute for Desert Research,
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker
Campus,84990, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
Prof. Yuan-Kun Lee DepartmentofMicrobiology,NationalUniversity
of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore
119260
Prof. Arieh Zaritsky DepartmentofLifeSciences,BenGurionUniver-
sity ofthe Negev, Be´erSheva 84105, Israel