Handbook of medical-surgical nursing

1024 Pages·2006·9.81 MB·English

by  Mills, Elizabeth Jacqueline

Handbook of 
Medical‐Surgical Nursing

Fourth Edition
2006

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Philadelphia
323 Norristown Road, Suite 200, Ambler, PA 19002-2756

1-58255-445-5

The clinical treatments described and recommended in this publication are based on research and consultation with nursing,
medical, and legal authorities. To the best of our knowledge, these procedures reflect currently accepted practice. Nevertheless,
they can't be considered absolute and universal recommendations. For individual applications, all recommendations must be
considered in light of the patient's clinical condition and, before administration of new or infrequently used drugs, in light of the
latest package-insert information. The authors and publisher disclaim responsibility for any adverse effects resulting from the
suggested procedures, from any undetected errors, or from the reader's misunderstanding of the text.

© 2006 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or other
wise—without prior written permission of the publisher, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews and
testing and evaluation materials provided by publisher to instructors whose schools have adopted its accompanying textbook.
Printed in the United States of America. For information, write Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 323 Norristown Road, Suite 200,
Ambler, PA 19002-2756.

HBMSN4010805—D N O S A

07 06 05 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Handbook of medical-surgical nursing.—4th ed.

p.; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Nursing—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Surgical nursing—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

[DNLM: 1. Perioperative Nursing—Handbooks. WY 49 H2357 2006]

RT51.H352 2006

610.73—dc22

ISBN 1-58255-445-5 (alk. paper) 2005013692
Editor
Elizabeth Jacqueline Mills Editorial Assistants
Editor
Linda K. Ruhf
STAFF Editorial Assistants
Barbara Hodgson
Judith A. Schilling McCann RN, MSN
Indexer
Executive Publisher
Contributors and consultants
H. Nancy Holmes
Editorial Director
Mary Ann Boucher RN, ND, APRN, BC
Joan M. Robinson RN, MSN Assistant Professor of Nursing
University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth
Clinical Director
Arlene Putterman MaryAnn Edelman RN, MS, CNS
Senior Art Director Assistant Professor
Kingsborough Community College, Brooklyn, N.Y.
Jennifer P. Kowalak
Editorial Project Manager Ken W. Edmisson RNC, ND, EdD, FNP
Tamara M. Kear RN, MSN, CNN Associate Professor
Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro
Clinical Project Manager
Elizabeth Jacqueline Mills Karen S. March RN, PhD(c), CCRN, APRN-BC
Editor Assistant Professor of Nursing
York College of Pennsylvania
Linda Hager Grays
Copy Editor Linda J. O'Connor RNC, MSN, CS
Linda Jovinelly Franklin Geriatric Clinical Nurse Specialist
North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, N.Y.
Design Project Manager
Diane E. Paluba (Manager) Monica Narvaez Ramirez RN, MSN
Digital Composition Services Nursing Instructor
University of the Incarnate Word, School of Nursing and Health
Joyce Rossi Biletz Professions, San Antonio, Tex.
Digital Composition Services
Bruce Austin Scott APRN, BC, MSN
Donna S. Morris
Nursing Instructor
Digital Composition Services
San Joaquin Delta College, Stockton, Calif.
Patricia K. Dorshaw (Director)
Cynthia C. Small RN, MSN, APRN, BC
Manufacturing
Nursing Instructor
Beth J. Welsh Lake Michigan College, Benton Harbor, Mich.
Manufacturing
Denise R. York RNC, CNS, MS, MEd
Megan L. Aldinger
Professor
Editorial Assistants Columbus (Ohio) State Community College
Karen J. Kirk
FOREWORD
Nursing in the twenty-first century has seen tremendous advances in technology—a trend that continues in today's ever-changing
health care arena. Whether in hospitals, long-term care facilities, or patients' homes, today's nurses are on the front line of patient
care. While medical-surgical nursing remains one of the most demanding practices for nurses, it's also one of the most exciting and
challenging. Now more than ever, nurses need effective, dependable tools when caring for their patients in today's complex health
care environment. In its fourth edition, Handbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing continues to be such a tool.
This new edition has has been fully revised yet retains its alphabetical organization and reliable, easy-to-use format. Each disorder
entry includes a brief introduction followed by causes, complications, physical assessment findings, expected diagnostic results,
treatment strategies, key nursing diagnoses and patient outcomes, and related nursing interventions, including monitoring and
patient teaching. In the treatment entries, you'll see a similar organizational format, including a description of the procedure;
possible complications; key nursing diagnoses and patient outcomes; nursing interventions for before, during, and after the
procedure; and home-care instructions.
This edition has been updated to succinctly cover disorders linked with bio-terrorism, such as anthrax, plague, and variola. New
treatments also have been added, including cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Special design icons are used throughout the text to highlight important information; they include Pediatric pointer, Alert,
Collaboration, Expert geriatric care, Nursing priority, Health promotion tip, and Life-threatening complications as well as a new
icon, Gender differences.
Important appendices include an updated Quick-reference guide to laboratory test results, which now includes SI values; and the
newly added Emergency responses to bioterrorism, chemical exposure, and radiation; Resources for professionals, patients, and
caregivers; and English-Spanish quickreference guide.
More than 500 illustrations, charts, diagrams, and flowcharts offer insight and provide an understanding of key concepts to help the
medical-surgical nurse better meet her patient's needs.
Handbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Fourth Edition, is packed with usable and pertinent information that's easily accessible,
arming today's nurse with the vital knowledge needed to effectively care for patients across all spectrums of care and improve their
outcomes. Indeed, this fourth edition of Handbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing continues to be an essential, cutting-edge resource in
this ever-changing technologically advanced field.
Hedi Indig Morgan Bednarz APRN, BC, MSN
Clinical Instructor
Wayne State University College of Nursing, Detroit
Contents
Author
FOREWORD
Contents
A
Abdominal Aneurysm
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Acute Tubular Necrosis
Adenoviral Infections
Adrenalectomy
Adrenal Hypofunction
Adrenogenital Syndrome
Allergic Purpura
Alzheimer's Disease
Amputation
Amyloidosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Anaphylaxis
Angioplasty, Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Anorectal Abscess and Fistula
Aortic Insufficiency
Aortic Stenosis
Aplastic or Hypoplastic Anemias
Appendectomy
Appendicitis
Arrhythmias
Arterial Occlusive Disease
Arthrocentesis
Asthma
Atelectasis
B
Basal Cell Epithelioma
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Bladder Cancer
Bone Marrow Transplantation
Bone Tumors, Primary Malignant
Botulism
Bowel Resection With Anastomosis
Bowel Resection With Rstomy
Brain Tumors, Malignant
Breast Cancer
Bronchiectasis
Bronchitis, Chronic
C
Calcium Imbalance
Cancer Care
Candidiasis
Cardiac Catheterization
Cardiac Tamponade
Cardiogenic Shock
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Cataract
Cellulitis
Cerebral Aneurysm
Cervical Cancer
Chancroid
Chemotherapy
Chest Drainage
Chlamydial Infections
Chloride Imbalance
Cholecystectomy
Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis, and Related Disorders
Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome
Cirrhosis
Clostridium Difficile Infection
Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis
Colorectal Cancer
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Complement Deficiencies
Conization
Corneal Transplant
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Coronary Artery Disease
Cor Pulmonale
Craniotomy
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Crohn's Disease
Cryosurgery
Cryptosporidiosis
Cushing's Syndrome
Cystectomy
Cystic Fibrosis
Cytomegalovirus Infection
D
Dehydration
Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes mellitus
Dilatation and curettage or evacuation
Diphtheria
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Diverticular disease
Dysfunctional uterinebleeding
E
Ebola Virus Infection
Emphysema
Encephalitis
Endarterectomy
Endocarditis
Endometriosis
Epididymitis
Epilepsy
Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae Infections
Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal Diverticula
F
Fanconi's Syndrome
Femoral and Popliteal Aneurysms
Fibrocystic Breast Changes
Fibromyalgia Syndrome
Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia
G
Gallbladder and Bile Duct Cancers
Gastric Cancer
Gastric Surgery
Gastritis
Gastroenteritis
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Gastrostomy
Genital warts
Glaucoma
Glomerulonephritis, Acute Poststreptococcal
Glomerulonephritis, Chronic
Gonorrhea
Goodpasture's Syndrome
Gout
Granulocytopenia and Lymphocytopenia
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
H
Haemophilus Influenzae Infection
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
Head Injuries
Heart Failure
Heart Valve Replacement
Hemodialysis
Hemophilia
Hemorrhoidectomy
Hemorrhoids
Hemothorax
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Hepatitis
Hernia Repair
Herniated Disk
Herpes Simplex
Herpes Zoster
Hiatal Hernia
Histoplasmosis
Hodgkin's Disease
Huntington's Disease
Hydronephrosis
Hyperaldosteronism
Hyperlipoproteinemia
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperpituitarism
Hypersplenism
Hypertension
Hyperthyroidism
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Hypoglycemia
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypophysectomy
Hypopituitarism
Hypothyroidism
Hypovolemic Shock
Hysterectomy
I
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Immunoglobulin A Deficiency
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Incision and Drainage
Influenza
Inguinal Hernia
Intestinal Obstruction
Intussusception
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
J
Joint replacement
K
Kaposi's sarcoma
Kidney Cancer
Kidney Transplantation
L
Laminectomy and Spinal Fusion
Laparoscopy and Laparotomy
Laryngeal Cancer
Latex Allergy
Legionnaires' Disease
Leukemia, Acute
Leukemia, Chronic Granulocytic
Leukemia, Chronic Lymphocytic
Lithotripsy
Liver Cancer
Lumpectomy
Lung Cancer
Lupus Erythematosus
Lyme Disease
Lymphomas, Malignant
M
Magnesium Imbalance
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
Mammoplasty
Mastectomy
Mastitis
Medullary Sponge Kidney
Melanoma, Malignant
Meningitis
Metabolic Acidosis
Metabolic Alkalosis
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Mitral Insufficiency
Mitral Stenosis
Mononucleosis
Multiple Myeloma
Multiple Sclerosis
Muscular Dystrophy
Myasthenia Gravis
Myocardial Infarction
Myocarditis
N
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Nephrectomy
Nephrotic Syndrome
Neurogenic Bladder
Neuropathic Arthropathy
Norovirus
O
Obesity
Ophorectomy and Salpingectomy
Orchiopexy
Osteoarthritis
Osteomyelitis
Osteoporosis
Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian Cysts
PQ
Pacemaker Insertion
Paget's Disease
Pancreatectomy
Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatitis
Parathyroidectomy
Parkinson's Disease
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Peptic Ulcers
Pericardiocentesis
Pericarditis
Peritoneal Dialysis
Peritonitis
Pernicious Anemia
Pheochromocytoma
Phosphorus Imbalance
Pilonidal Disease
Pituitary Tumors
Platelet Function Disorders
Pleural Effusion and Empyema
Pleurisy
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Poliomyelitis
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Polycythemia, Secondary
Polycythemia, Spurious
Polycythemia Vera
Porphyrias
Potassium Imbalance
Pressure Ulcers
Proctitis
Prostatectomy
Prostatic Cancer
Prostatitis
Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis
Pseudomonas Infections
Pulmonary Edema
Pulmonary Embolism
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Pulmonary Hypertension
Pulmonic Insufficiency
Pulmonic Stenosis
Pyelonephritis, Acute
R
Radiation external
Radiation, internal
Radioactive iodine therapy
Renal calculi
Renal failure, acute
Renal failure, chronic
Renovascular hypertension
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory failure, acute
Respiratory syncytialvirus infection
Retinal detachment
Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rocky mountain spotted fever
S
Salmonella Infection
Sarcoidosis
Scleroderma
Sclerotherapy
Septic Arthritis
Septic Shock
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Sickle Cell Anemia
Silicosis
SjÖgrens Syndrome
Sodium Imbalance
Spinal Injuries
Spinal Neoplasms
Splenectomy
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Stomatitis and other Oral Infections
Stroke
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
Syphilis
T
Testicular Cancer
Tetanus
Thalassemia
Thoracentesis
Thoracic aortic aneurysm
Thoracotomy
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombolytic Therapy
Thrombophlebitis
Thyroid Cancer
Thyroidectomy
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Toxoplasmosis
Tracheotomy
Traction
Tricuspid Insufficiency
Tricuspid Stenosis
Tuberculosis
U
Ulcerative Colitis
Urinary Diversion Surgery
Urinary Tract Infection, Lower
Urticaria and Angioedema
Uterine Cancer
V
Vaginal Cancer
Valvuloplasty, Balloon
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus
Varicose Veins
Vascular Repair
Vasculitis
Ventricular Aneurysm
Volvulus
WXYZ
West Nile Encephalitis
Whiplash
Appendices
QUICK-REFERENCE GUIDE TO LABORATORY TEST RESULTS
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I J
K
L
M
N
O
P Q
R
S
T
U
V
W X Y
Z
EMERGENCY RESPONSES TO BIOTERRORISM, CHEMICAL EXPOSURE, AND RADIATION
RESOURCES FOR PROFESSIONALS, PATIENTS, AND CAREGIVERS
ENGLISH-SPANISH QUICK-REFERENCE GUIDE
SELECTED REFERENCES
Index