Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, Volume III, Third Edition: Animal Models

330 Pages·2013·8.47 MB·English

by  Jann Hau

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“The strength of these volumes is in their ability to cover a broad range of
topics, yet in such detail. This set would be an asset to the graduate student
and researcher needing an excellent reference manual.”
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Handbook of
Laboratory Animal
Science
Third Edition
VOLUME III
Animal Models

Handbook of
Laboratory Animal
Science
Third Edition
VOLUME III
Animal Models
Edited by
Jann Hau
Steven J. Schapiro
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
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Contents
Preface..............................................................................................................................................vii
About the Editors ..............................................................................................................................ix
Contributors ......................................................................................................................................xi
Chapter 1
Animal Models of Spinal Cord Injury ...............................................................................................1
Michelle A. Hook
Chapter 2
Animal Models for Tropical Parasitic Diseases ..............................................................................43
Idle Farah, Maina Ngotho, John Kagira, Thomas Kariuki, Maamun Jeneby,
Naomi Maina, Michael Gicheru, Hastings Ozwara, and Jann Hau
Chapter 3
Animal Models of Cardiovascular Disease ...................................................................................107
Meg Sleeper
Chapter 4
Animal Models of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ......................................................................127
Jane Blood-Siegfried
Chapter 5
More Animal Models of Developmental Processes and Developmental Disorders for Social
Genomics and Beyond ...................................................................................................................141
Matthew F. S. X. Novak and Dorothy J. Mandell
Chapter 6
Animal Models of Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases ............................................................159
Axel Kornerup Hansen
Chapter 7
Animal Models for Eye Diseases ...................................................................................................195
Takeshi Iwata
Chapter 8
Animal Models of Human Cancer .................................................................................................219
Lezlee G. Coghlan
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC v
vi Contents
Chapter 9
Reduction and Refinement Applied to Animal Models .................................................................301
Jann Hau and Steven J. Schapiro
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Preface
Most of our present knowledge concerning human physiology, microbiology, immunology, pharma-
cology, pathology, and related disciplines has been gained from studies involving animals—from
studies of genetics in fruit flies to studies of cellular processes in genetically modified mice to
investigations of life-threatening infections in nonhuman primates. Biomedical research involving
animals remains absolutely essential for the advancement of the medical, veterinary, agricultural,
and biological sciences. All drugs prescribed for use in humans and animals have been developed
and tested in laboratory animals as models. Noninvasive imaging techniques are optimized in ani-
mal models. New surgical techniques and materials are evaluated in animals before they are applied
in cases that involve humans or domestic animals. The dramatic developments in genetics—the
sequencing of the human genome and the genomes of many of the most important laboratory ani-
mal species, translational research, and personalized medicines—all rely on access to high-quality
laboratory animals as models for humans.
W. M. S. Russell and R. L. Burch (1959) counseled scientists to aim to apply the 3Rs whenever
possible: replacing experiments on live animals with alternative methods, reducing the number of
animals necessary to obtain valid results within experiments, and refining techniques to minimize the
discomfort experienced by the animal participants.* These 3Rs form the cornerstones of laboratory
animal science and have been integrated into the numerous laws and guidelines that regulate the use
of animals in research across the globe. The 3Rs have also been integrated into almost every chapter in
this handbook; replacement, reduction, and refinement are relevant to virtually all areas of laboratory
science. Good science can only be performed in environments that promote animal welfare.
Efficient and humane experimental work with animals, in which subjects experience no avoidable
pain and mental distress, requires skillful and conscientious staff, including specialist veterinarians.
In many parts of the world, regulatory authorities require that all staff working with laboratory
animals must document relevant competencies in the field, many of which are obtained through
formal teaching and training programs. Universities around the world have established mandatory
courses for scientists who wish to use animals in their research, and some have developed specialist
education programs, often master’s level courses, for staff to achieve specialist competence in the
treatment of laboratory animals.
This handbook is a revised third edition of the handbook first edited by Per Svendsen and Jann
Hau, published in 1994. Jann Hau and his old friend and colleague, Gerald Van Hoosier in Seattle,
joined forces to edit the second edition. Now, Jann Hau and Steve Schapiro, who have been friends
and collaborators on numerous projects for almost 20 years, have teamed up to revise and produce
the third edition of Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science. The result is a truly international
book, and we thank all of the authors for their valuable contributions. Each chapter focuses on
an important subdiscipline of laboratory animal science, and the chapters can be read and used
as stand-alone texts, with only limited necessity to consult other chapters for information. This
approach has resulted in slight overlaps in contents in certain chapters, but we feel that this was a
small price to pay to make the book as reader friendly as possible.
It is our hope that this handbook will be useful all over the world as a textbook in laboratory ani-
mal science courses for postgraduate and undergraduate students, and as a handbook for scientists
who work with animals in their research, for university veterinarians, for regulators, and for other
specialists in laboratory animal science.
Jann Hau
Steven J. Schapiro
* Russell, W. M. S. and R. L. Burch. 1959. The principles of humane experimental technique London: UFAW.
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC vii

About the Editors
Jann Hau is professor of comparative medicine at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark.
Dr. Hau did his M.Sc. in reproductive biology and immunochemistry in 1977 at the University of
Odense in Denmark after medical and biology bachelor studies, and specialized in laboratory ani-
mal science. Following research fellowships at the University of Odense, he did his doctorate (Dr.
Med.) at this university.
In 1983, he joined the Department of Pathology at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural
University (RVAU) in Copenhagen as an associate professor and head of the Laboratory Animal
Science Unit. He was later head of the Department of Pathology and dean of the Faculty of Animal
Husbandry and Veterinary Science at the RVAU. In this period he was also the Veterinary Research
Council’s member of the State Board for Animal Experimentation.
In 1991, he moved to the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) in London as a professor in the
London University Chair in Laboratory Animal Science and Welfare. At the RVC he was respon-
sible for the undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in laboratory animal science and welfare,
which included a specialist master of science course in laboratory animal science, which attracted
a number of postgraduate students from many parts of the world. While in the United Kingdom,
he was the certificate holder responsible for all animal experimentation at the Royal Veterinary
College, University of London.
In 1996, Dr. Hau was appointed professor of comparative medicine at Uppsala University in
Sweden, and head of the new Department of Comparative Medicine. Following amalgamations of
departments at the medical faculty, comparative medicine became integrated as a division of the
Department of Physiology, of which Dr. Hau became chairman. The division became integrated
into the Department of Neuroscience in 2002. In Uppsala he established a number of courses for
undergraduate students and postgraduate students, including specialist education programs. He has
supervised many postgraduate students (M.Sc. and Ph.D.) from Denmark, the United Kingdom,
and Sweden.
In 2003, Dr. Hau was John H. Blaffer Visiting Professor at the University of Texas MD Anderson
Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, in the United States. On September 1, 2004, Dr. Hau was appointed
professor of comparative medicine and head of the Department of Experimental Medicine at the
University of Copenhagen, the Panum Institute in Denmark.
Dr. Hau has published more than 200 peer-reviewed papers in comparative medicine and chap-
ters in books, and he is frequently invited to speak at international conferences and symposia. He
is the recipient of prizes awarded for his research and contributions to animal welfare. Together
with Dr. P. Svendsen he wrote the first Danish textbook on laboratory animals and animal experi-
ments published in 1981, 1985, and 1989, and they coedited the first edition of the Handbook of
Laboratory Animal Science, published in 1994. Together with Dr. G. Van Hoosier, he edited the
second edition of the handbook, which was published in 2003 and 2004.
Dr. Hau has organized several international meetings and courses on laboratory animal sci-
ence in many different countries and is frequently invited to lecture at international courses and
educational symposia. He is the editor-in-chief of the Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal
Science, editor of the laboratory animals section of the UFAW journal Animal Welfare, and mem-
ber of the editorial board of the journal In Vivo. He is a member of a number of laboratory ani-
mal science and primatology organizations, and former president of the Scandinavian Society
of Laboratory Animal Science (ScandLAS) and the Federation of European Laboratory Animal
Science Associations (FELASA). Dr. Hau is a member of the AAALAC Council, and former chair-
man of the FELASA Accreditation Board for European laboratory animal science courses. He is a
member of several EU and international advisory boards and working groups on various aspects of
comparative medicine, laboratory animal science, and primatology.
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ix