Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, Second Edition: Animal Models, Volume III

319 Pages·2004·2.65 MB·English

by  Jann Hau

Handbook of
Laboratory Animal
Science
Second Edition
Volume III
Animal
Models

Handbook of
Laboratory Animal
Science
Second Edition
Volume III
Animal
Models
Edited by
Jann Hau and Gerald L. Van Hoosier, Jr.
CRC PR ESS
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
Senior Editor: John Sulzycki
Project Editor: Christine Andreasen
Project Coordinator: Pat Roberson
Cover Designer: Dawn Boyd-Snider
Marketing Manager: Carolyn Spence
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Handbook of laboratory animal science / edited by Jann Hau, Gerald L. Van Hoosier, Jr.—2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Contents: v. 1. Essential principles and practices — v. 2. Animal models — v. 3. Animal models.
ISBN 0-8493-1086-5 (v. 1 : alk. paper) — ISBN 0-8493-1084-9 (v. 2 : alk. paper) —
ISBN 0-8493-1893-9 (alk. paper)
1. Laboratory animals. 2. Animal experimentation. 3. Animal models in research.
I. Hau, Jann. II. Van Hoosier, G. L.
QL55 .H36 2002
599′.07′24—dc21 2002031315
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Preface
The Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, Second Edition: Animal Models, Volume III is
the final volume of the Handbook. Like Volume II, it is dedicated to the use of laboratory animals
as models for humans in a range of biomedical research disciplines. Although Volumes II and III
aim to give a comprehensive introduction to the use of animal models in biomedical research, there
will be areas of research not covered by this Handbook. We welcome comments from readers and
colleagues that may assist us when correcting errors and updating the text when the time comes.
We are most grateful that so many eminent scientists who are leaders in their respective fields
agreed to contribute to this book with their knowledge and hands-on experience from their own
research.
The individual chapters of Volume III are focused on the use of animal models in very different
research areas. We hope they will be found useful for other specialists in the respective subjects
as well as for postgraduate students embarking on their studies. Each chapter can be read as a
stand-alone text without the necessity to consult other chapters for information. However, the entire
Handbook is an integrated text with respect to giving an in-depth introduction to laboratory animal
science. Volume I is focused on basic laboratory animal science — the value of animals as sensitive
research tools and the importance of safeguarding the well-being of animals used in biomedical
research, as well as the importance of implementing the three Rs (replacement, reduction, and
refinement) in biomedical research. The chapters in Volumes II and III are all on applied laboratory
animal science and comparative medicine. They do not necessarily emphasize the importance of
animal welfare and implementation of the three Rs, because this principle underlying all modern
use of animals in biomedical research has been thoroughly dealt with in Volume I. Biomedical
postgraduate students are thus advised not just to read the most relevant chapter(s) in Volumes II
and III but also to peruse Volume I.
We hope that our readers will find Volume III useful, and we wish to take this opportunity to
thank the many readers of Volumes I and II for their constructive and kind comments. We also
wish to thank John Sulzycki and his expert team at CRC Press for their great enthusiasm and help
in the process of producing this Handbook.
Jann Hau and Gerald L. Van Hoosier, Jr.

About the Editors
Jann Hau is Professor of Comparative Medicine at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. Dr.
Hau graduated in experimental biology from the University of Odense in Denmark after medical
and biology studies in 1977 and specialized in laboratory animal science. Following research
fellowships at the University of Odense, he obtained his doctorate (Dr. Med.) at this university. In
1983, he joined the Department of Pathology at The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University
(RVAU) in Copenhagen as associate professor and head of the Laboratory Animal Science Unit.
He was later head of the Department of Pathology and dean of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry
and Veterinary Science at the RVAU.
In 1991, he moved to the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) in London as professor in the London
University Chair in Laboratory Animal Science and Welfare. At the RVC, he was responsible for
undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in laboratory animal science and welfare, which included
a specialist Master of Science course in laboratory animal science that attracted a number of
postgraduate students from many parts of the world.
In 1996, Dr. Hau was appointed professor in Comparative Medicine in Uppsala. In Uppsala,
he has established a number of courses for undergraduate and postgraduate students, including
specialist education programs. In 2004, Dr. Hau took up a chair in Comparative Medicine and also
heads the Department of Experimental Medicine at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark.
Dr. Hau has organized several international meetings and courses on laboratory animal science.
He is the editor-in-chief of the Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Science, editor of the
laboratory animals’ section of the UFAW journal Animal Welfare, and a member of the editorial
board of In Vivo. He is a member of a number of laboratory animal science organizations and
former president of the Scandinavian Society of Laboratory Animal Science and the Federation of
European Laboratory Animal Science Associations.
Dr. Hau has supervised many postgraduate Master’s and Ph.D. students and published several
hundred scientific papers and chapters in books. Together with Dr. P. Svendsen, he wrote the first
Danish textbook on laboratory animals and animal experiments published in 1981, 1985, and 1989,
and they co-edited the first edition of the CRC Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, published
in 1994.
Dr. Hau’s current research interests include development of refined laboratory animal models
for studies of biological mechanisms in reproductive biology and infections as well as development
of methods to assess stress and welfare in animals, in particular rodents and nonhuman primates.
His research activities also include projects focused on ways to replace, reduce, and refine the use
of animals in antibody production.
Gerald L. Van Hoosier, Jr., is Emeritus Professor of Comparative Medicine in the School of
Medicine at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington. Dr. Van Hoosier graduated from
the College of Veterinary Medicine at Texas A&M University at College Station, Texas, in 1957
and subsequently obtained postdoctoral training in virology and epidemiology at Berkeley, Cali-
fornia, and in pathology at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. From 1957 to 1962, he
served as a commissioned officer in the U.S. Public Health Service assigned to the biologics program
at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, where he focused on the development
and safety evaluation of poliomyelitis and measles vaccines. Following 5 years in the Public Health
Service, Dr. Van Hoosier joined the faculty of the Division of Experimental Biology at Baylor
College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, and did research on the role of viruses in the etiology of
cancer. In 1969, he moved to Pullman, Washington, where he was a faculty member in the
Department of Veterinary Pathology in the School of Veterinary Medicine and Director of Labo-
ratory Animal Resources at Washington State University. He introduced a course on laboratory
animals into the third year of the veterinary school curriculum, taught a graduate course on the
pathology of laboratory animals, and began the development of a series of audio tutorials in
collaboration with the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine. In 1975, Dr. Van Hoosier
was invited to develop an experimental animal program at the University of Washington. He
obtained a training grant for veterinarians from the National Institutes of Health and established
the Department of Comparative Medicine, which offers a Master’s degree. He served as the
department chairman and attending veterinarian until 1995.
After becoming a Diplomate of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine in 1968,
he served as President in 1977–1978. Other professional activities have included serving as Chair-
man of the Board of Trustees of the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal
Care in 1981–1982, President of the American Association of Laboratory Animal Science in 1992,
and a member of the Governing Board of the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science
from 1995 to 1999. In addition to approximately 100 scientific papers, Dr. Van Hoosier was a
coeditor of Laboratory Hamsters, one of a series of texts by the American College of Laboratory
Animal Medicine, and served as editor of Laboratory Animal Science from 1995 to 1999. He is
currently a member of the Editorial Council of the Baltic Journal of Laboratory Animal Science
and Animales de Experimentacion.
He is the recipient of the Griffin Award from the American Association of Laboratory Animal
Science and a Distinguished Alumni Award from the College of Veterinary Medicine at Texas A&M
University.
Contributors
Linda Bartoshuk Ricki M. Helm
Department of Surgery Department of Microbiology
Yale University School of Medicine Department of Immunology
New Haven, Connecticut University of Arkansas for Medical Science
Arkansas Children’s Hospital
Research Institute
Andreas Cerny
Little Rock, Arkansas
Ospedale Civico
Lugano, Switzerland
Coenraad F.M. Hendriksen
Central Animal Facilities
Olivier B. Engler Netherlands Vaccine Institute
University of Berne Bilthoven, the Netherlands
Berne, Switzerland
Jagdeep S. Hundal
Idle O. Farah Department of Otolaryngology
The National Museums of Kenya Yale University School of Medicine
Nairobi, Kenya New Haven, Connecticut
Isabelle P. Hunziker
Claes Frostell
Department of Neuropharmacology
Department of Anaesthesiology
The Scripps Research Institute
Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital
La Jolla, California
Stockholm, Sweden
Lawrence Irura
Tashio Fujioka
Primate Division
Department of General Medicine
Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute
Faculty of Medicine
Kikuyu, Kenya
Oita University
Oita, Japan
Maamun Jeneby
Institute of Primate Research
Michael Gicheru
Nairobi, Kenya
Institute of Primate Research
Nairobi, Kenya
John Kagira
Primate Division
Jann Hau
Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute
Department of Neuroscience
Kikuyu, Kenya
Division of Comparative Medicine
University of Uppsala
Andreas R. Kammer
Uppsala, Sweden
Pevion Biotech Limited
Berne, Switzerland
Göran Hedenstierna
Department of Clinical Psychology Thomas Kariuki
Uppsala University Institute of Primate Research
Uppsala, Sweden Nairobi, Kenya