Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, Second Edition: Animal Models, Volume II

280 Pages·2002·2.34 MB·English

by  Jann Hau

Handbook of
Laboratory Animal
Science
Second Edition
Volume II
Animal
Models
Edited by
Jann Hau and Gerald L. Van Hoosier, Jr.
CRC PR ESS
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
Senior Editor: John Sulzycki
Project Editor: Gail Renard
Project Coordinator: Pat Roberson
Cover Designer: Dawn Boyd
Marketing Manager: Nadja English
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Handbook of laboratory animal science / edited by Jann Hau, Gerald L. Van Hoosier,
Jr.--2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Contents: v. 1. Essential principles and practices.
ISBN 0-8493-1086-5 (alk. paper)
1. Laboratory animals. 2. Animal experimentation. 3. Animal models in research. I.
Hau, Jann. II. Van Hoosier, G. L.
QL55 .H36 2002
599¢ .07¢ 24--dc21 2002031315
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Preface
The Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, Second Edition: Animal Models, Volume II is
dedicated to the use of laboratory animals as models for humans. This book explains in great detail
the comparative considerations underlying the choice of animal species and strains in different
research disciplines. Volume II consists of chapters written by experts in their respective fields and
covers a range of scientific areas in which animals play a crucial role as models for humans. Unlike
many other publications, this book is not exclusively restricted to laboratory animal models for the
study of human diseases. It takes a wider approach, which is in accordance with modern interpre-
tation of the animal model concept.
Most of our knowledge of human biology is derived from animal studies, and fortunately, the
conservative nature of animal evolution often renders reliable extrapolation of findings between
species the rule rather than the exception. However, we found that there is a great need for a
handbook on the choice of animal species and strains, and on the development and application of
models in different areas of biomedical research. The book consequently focuses on the relevant
comparative aspects in the many different contexts in which animals are used as well as on the
spontaneous genetic mutants and the genetically modified animal models available within different
research areas.
The authors have strived to include the most recent information available as well as generally
recognized facts to make the book relevant, practical, and attractive to other specialists. Reporting
from the cutting edge of a scientific discipline involves including some, but obviously not all, of
the most recently reported findings. This selection will invariably make some scientists feel that
their results have been neglected, and for this we apologize. We welcome comments from readers
and colleagues that may assist us in keeping the text up-to-date and in correcting errors.
Both Volumes I and II of the Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science are, in many ways,
very technical books. We hope that our readers will find them useful, whether they be postgraduate
students who are not familiar with laboratory animals and their use as research tools, veterinarians
who specialize in laboratory animal science and welfare, or experienced scientists who are looking
for an overview and reference text of the large and heterogeneous field that is laboratory animal
science.
Jann Hau
Uppsala University
Uppsala, Sweden
Gerald Van Hoosier
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

About the Editors
Jann Hau is Professor of Comparative Medicine at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. Dr. Hau
graduated in experimental biology from University of Odense in Denmark after medical and biology
studies in 1977, and specialized in laboratory animal science. Following research fellowships at
University of Odense, he did his doctorate (Dr. Med.) at this university. In 1983, he joined the
Department of Pathology at The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University (RVAU) in Copen-
hagen as Associate Professor and Head of the Laboratory Animal Science Unit. He was later Head
of the Department of Pathology and Dean of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary
Science at the RVAU.
In 1991, he moved to the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) in London as Professor in the London
University Chair in Laboratory Animal Science and Welfare. At the RVC, he was responsible for
the undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in laboratory animal science and welfare, which
included a specialist Master of Science course in Laboratory Animal Science that attracted a number
of postgraduate students from many parts of the world.
In 1996, Dr. Hau was appointed Professor in Comparative Medicine in Uppsala and Head of
a new Department of Comparative Medicine. Following amalgamations of departments at the
medical faculty, Comparative Medicine is presently integrated with the Department of Physiology,
of which Dr. Hau is presently Head. In Uppsala, he has established a number of courses for
undergraduate and postgraduate students, including specialist education programs.
Dr. Hau has organized several international meetings and courses on laboratory animal science.
He is the editor-in-chief of the Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Science and editor of
the laboratory animals’ section of the UFAW journal Animal Welfare. He is a member of a number
of laboratory animal science organizations and former president of the Scandinavian Society of
Laboratory Animal Science and the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations.
Dr. Hau has supervised many postgraduate Master’s and Ph.D. students and published several
hundred scientific papers and chapters in books. Together with Dr. P. Svendsen, he wrote the first
Danish textbook on laboratory animals and animal experiments published in 1981, 1985, and 1989,
and they co-edited the first edition of the CRC Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, published
in 1994.
Dr. Hau’s current research interests include development of refined laboratory animal models
for studies of biological mechanisms in reproductive biology and infections as well as development
of methods to assess stress and welfare in animals. His research activities also include projects
focused on ways to replace, reduce, and refine the use of animals in antibody production.
Gerald L. Van Hoosier, Jr., is Professor of Comparative Medicine in the School of Medicine at
the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington. Dr. Van Hoosier graduated from the College
of Veterinary Medicine at Texas A&M University at College Station, Texas, in 1957 and subse-
quently obtained postdoctoral training in virology and epidemiology at Berkeley, California, and
in pathology at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. From 1957 to 1962, he served as
a Commissioned Officer in the U.S. Public Health Service assigned to the biologics program at
the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, where he focused on the development and
safety evaluation of poliomyelitis and measles vaccines. Following 5 years in the Public Health
Service, Dr. Van Hoosier joined the faculty of the Division of Experimental Biology at Baylor
College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, and did research on the role of viruses in the etiology of
cancer. In 1969, he moved to Pullman, Washington, where he was a faculty member in the
Department of Veterinary Pathology in the School of Veterinary Medicine and Director of Labo-
ratory Animal Resources at Washington State University. He introduced a course on laboratory
animals into the third year of the veterinary school curriculum, taught a graduate course on the
pathology of laboratory animals, and began the development of a series of audio tutorials in
collaboration with the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine. In 1975, Dr. Van Hoosier
was invited to develop an experimental animal program at the University of Washington. He
obtained a training grant for veterinarians from the National Institutes of Health and established
the Department of Comparative Medicine, which offers a Master’s degree. He served as the
department chairman and Attending Veterinarian until 1995.
After becoming a Diplomate of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine in 1968,
he served as President in 1977–1978. Other professional activities have included serving as Chair-
man of the Board of Trustees of the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal
Care in 1981–1982, President of the American Association of Laboratory Animal Science in 1992,
and a member of the Governing Board of the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science
from 1995 to 1999. In addition to approximately 100 scientific papers, Dr. Van Hoosier was a co-
editor of Laboratory Hamsters, one of a series of texts by the American College of Laboratory
Animal Medicine and served as editor of Laboratory Animal Science from 1995 to 1999. He is
currently a member of the Editorial Council of the Baltic Journal of Laboratory Animal Science
and Animales de Experimentacion.
He is the recipient of the Griffin Award from the American Association of Laboratory Animal
Science and a Distinguished Alumni Award from the College of Veterinary Medicine at Texas A&M
University.
Contributors
Abbas Ardehali Jörgen Jönsson
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Institute of Odontology
UCLA Medical Center Huddinge University Hospital
School of Medicine Karolinska Institute
Los Angeles, California Stockholm, Sweden
Karsten Buschard Björn Klinge
Bartholin Institute Institute of Odontology
Copenhagen, Denmark Huddinge University Hospital
Karolinska Institute
Anthony M. Carter Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology Otto Meyer
University of Southern Denmark Danish Veterinary and Food Administration
Odense, Denmark Soborg, Denmark
Christi M. Cavaliere Jesper Mogensen
Section of Plastic Surgery Cognitive Neuroscience
University of Michigan Department of Psychology
Ann Arbor, Michigan University of Copenhagen
Copenhagen, Denmark
Ryan P. Frank
Department of Orthopedic Surgery Robert Murison
University of Michigan Department of Biological and Medical
Ann Arbor, Michigan Psychology
University of Bergen
Cynthia E. Glover Bergen, Norway
Department of Comparative Medicine
University of Washington Jørgen Rygaard
Seattle, Washington Bartholin Institute
Copenhagen, Denmark
Kurt D. Hankenson
Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and the Unit Ove Svendsen
for Laboratory Animal Medicine Department of Pharmacology and
University of Michigan Pathobiology
Ann Arbor, Michigan Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University
Frederiksberg, Denmark
Jann Hau
University of Uppsala Rikke Thon
Uppsala, Sweden Taconic M & B
Lille Skensved, Denmark
Henrik Elvang Jensen
Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology Gerald L. Van Hoosier, Jr.
Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University University of Washington
Frederiksberg, Denmark Seattle, Washington
David Whiting
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery
UCLA Medical Center
School of Medicine
Los Angeles, California

Table of Contents
Chapter 1
Animal Models...................................................................................................................................1
Jann Hau
Chapter 2
Animal Models in Pharmacology and Toxicology..........................................................................11
Otto Meyer and Ove Svendsen
Chapter 3
Animal Models in Fetal Growth and Development........................................................................41
Anthony M. Carter
Chapter 4
Animal Models of Nephrological Disorders...................................................................................55
Cynthia E. Glover
Chapter 5
Animal Models for Xenotransplantation.........................................................................................81
David Whiting and Abbas Ardehali
Chapter 6
Animal Models in Neuroscience.....................................................................................................95
Jesper Mogensen
Chapter 7
Animal Models for Psychological Disorders................................................................................111
Robert Murison
Chapter 8
Animal Models in Mycology.........................................................................................................125
Henrik Elvang Jensen
Chapter 9
Diabetic Animal Models................................................................................................................153
Karsten Buschard and Rikke Thon
Chapter 10
Animal Models of Skeletal Disease..............................................................................................183
Kurt D. Hankenson, Christi M. Cavaliere, and Ryan P. Frank
Chapter 11
Animal Models in Cancer Research..............................................................................................225
Jørgen Rygaard
Chapter 12
Animal Models in Oral Health Sciences.......................................................................................237
Björn Klinge and Jörgen Jönsson
Index..............................................................................................................................................263