Table Of Content“This book is a comprehensive treatment of the techniques and technologies required
T H
to develop scaffolds for regenerative medicine applications. The authors are some of
i
the leaders in the field, and together these chapters provide up to date information s a
s n
on this very important area.”
u
Prof. Robert M. Nerem d
e
Georgia Institute of Technology, USA b
E o
“At long last, we now have a comprehensive source for intelligent scaffolds for n o
tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Gilson Khang, a leader in the field, g k
has partnered with other leading scientists in creating this book, which covers a i
wide range of materials and topics, from design and production to applications n o
and functionality. This book is a must for the library of all individuals involved in e f
the field.” e In
Prof. Anthony Atala r
i t
Wake Forest University, USA n e
g l
l
“This book written by prominent experts in the field gives an excellent and timely i
introduction for those entering into the area of tissue engineering. Readers will also a g HANDBOOK OF
find it to be a good, up-to-date review that provides modern techniques for growth n e
factor delivery, along with in vitro and in vivo outcome, to facilitate understanding d n
Intelligent Scaffolds for
the relationship between physiochemical structure and biological properties.” t
R
Prof. Jöns Hilborn S
e
Uppsala University, Sweden c
g a
Tissue Engineering and
It has been recognized that tissue engineering and regenerative medicine offer an e f
alternative technique to whole organ and tissue transplantation for diseased, failed, or n fo
malfunctioning organs. To reconstruct a new tissue by tissue engineering and regenerative e
l
medicine, triad components such as (1) cells that are harvested and dissociated from r d
the donor tissue, (2) scaffold substrates as biomaterials in which cells are attached and a s Regenerative Medicine
cultured resulting in the implantation at the desired site of the functioning tissue, and t
i f
(3) growth factors that are promoting and/or preventing cell adhesion, proliferation, v o
migration, and differentiation by upregulating or downregulating the synthesis of protein, e r
growth factors, and receptors are required. This book focuses on the intelligent scaffolds,
M
associated biomaterials, and manufacturing in terms of tissue engineering and regenerative
medicine, from basic principles to the most recent discoveries. The areas of focus include
e
(1) ceramic and metal scaffold, (2) intelligent hydrogel, (3) electrospinning nanofiber,
d
(3) novel biomaterials for scaffold, (4) novel fabrication methods for scaffold, and (5)
i
scaffolds for target organ. The book comprises theoretical, experimental, preclinical, and c
clinical analysis of various properties of biomaterials, research methods and preparation i
n edited by Gilson Khang
techniques, and some promising applications.
e
Dr. Gilson Khang was editor in chief of the Journal of Tissue Engineering and
Regenerative Medicine from 2004 to 2009. He is or has been on the editorial board
of many reputed scientific journals, including the Journal of Tissue Engineering and Khang
Regenerative Medicine, International Journal of Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering,
Therapeutic Delivery, World Journal of Stem Cells, Regenerative Research,
Macromolecular Research, and Biomaterials Research. Dr. Khang has co-authored
or edited 9 books and published more than 400 original research papers and 100
editorials, reviews, or chapters in books. His major scientific contribution has been
to appreciate and analyze the importance of natural/synthetic hybrid scaffolds to
reduce the host inflammation reaction as well as the commercialization of tissue-
engineered products.
V139
ISBN-13 978-981-4267-85-4
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Version Date: 20120127
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December30,2011 19:56 PSPBook-9inx6in 00-khang-prelims
Iwouldliketodedicatethishandbooktomywife,
IsabellaSeongHeeKoh;mychildren,JeromeTaeuk
andDanielTaehoon;andmymother.
—G.K.
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
December30,2011 19:56 PSPBook-9inx6in 00-khang-prelims
Contents
Preface xxix
I. INTRODUCTION
1 BiomaterialsandManufacturingMethodsforScaffold
inRegenerativeMedicine 3
GilsonKhang
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 BiomaterialsforRegenerativeMedicineandTissue
Engineering 6
1.2.1 ImportanceofScaffoldMatricesin
RegenerativeMedicineandTissueEngineering 6
1.2.2 BioceramicScaffolds 9
1.2.2.1 Calciumphosphate 10
1.2.2.2 Tricalciumphosphate 10
1.2.2.3 Hydroxyapatite 11
1.2.2.4 Bioglass 11
1.2.2.5 Demineralizedboneparticle 11
1.2.3 SyntheticPolymers 13
1.2.3.1 Poly(α-hydroxyester)s 14
1.2.3.2 Polyanhydride 16
1.2.3.3 Poly(propylenefumarate) 16
1.2.3.4 PEOanditsderivatives 17
1.2.3.5 Polyvinylalcohol 18
1.2.3.6 Oxalate-basedpolyesters
(polyoxalate) 19
1.2.3.7 Polyphosphazene 19
1.2.3.8 Biodegradablepolyurethane 20
1.2.3.9 Othersyntheticpolymers 20
December30,2011 19:56 PSPBook-9inx6in 00-khang-prelims
viii Contents
1.2.4 NaturalPolymers 21
1.2.4.1 Fibrin 21
1.2.4.2 Collagen 22
1.2.4.3 Alginate 23
1.2.4.4 Smallintestinesubmucosa 25
1.2.4.5 Silk 25
1.2.4.6 Hyaluronan 26
1.2.4.7 Chitosan 27
1.2.4.8 Agarose 28
1.2.4.9 Acellulardermis 28
1.2.4.10Polyhydroxyalkanoates 29
1.2.4.11Othernaturalpolymers 29
1.2.5 BioactiveMoleculesReleaseSystemfor
theRegenerativeMedicineandTissue
Engineering 30
1.3 ScaffoldFabricationandCharacterization 32
1.3.1 FabricationMethodsofScaffolds 32
1.3.1.1 Electrospinningmethod 32
1.3.1.2 PGAnonwovensheet 33
1.3.1.3 Porogen-leachingmethods 33
1.3.1.4 Gas-foamingmethod 34
1.3.1.5 Phaseseparationmethod 34
1.3.1.6 Rapidprototyping 35
1.3.1.7 Injectablegelmethod 37
1.3.2 PhysicochemicalCharacterizationofScaffolds 37
1.3.3 SterilizationMethodforScaffolds 39
1.4 Conclusions 40
II. CERAMICANDMETALSCAFFOLD
2 InnovativeBioinspiredSICCeramicsfromVegetable
Resources 51
M.Lo´pez-A´lvarez,P.Gonza´lez,J.Serra,A.deCarlos,
S.Chiussi,andB.Leo´n
2.1 Introduction 52
2.2 BioinspiredSiCCeramics 54
2.3 BiocompatibilityStudies 60
2.4 ConclusionsandOutlook 64
December30,2011 19:56 PSPBook-9inx6in 00-khang-prelims
Contents ix
3 ProductionofThree-DimensionalHierarchicalNano
Ti-BasedMetalsScaffoldsforBoneTissueGrafts 69
ShuilinWu,XiangmeiLiu,PaulK.Chu,TaoHu,
KelvinW.K.Yeung,JonathanC.Y.Chung,andZushunXu
3.1 Introduction 70
3.2 FabricationandCharacteristicsofMacroporous
Ti-BasedAlloys 73
3.3 NaturalGrowthandCharacterizationof
1DNanoTitanates 75
3.4 ConclusionsandOutlook 80
4 BioceramicScaffold—BoneTissueEngineering 83
WilliPaulandChandraP.Sharma
4.1 Introduction 84
4.2 Bioceramics 85
4.3 BoneTissueEngineering 86
4.4 ResearchPerspective 87
4.5 BasicQuestionsinBoneTissueEngineering 90
4.6 Conclusion 91
III. INTELLIGENTHYDROGEL
5 InductionofSoft-TissueRegenerationUsingHydrogels
OptimizedforInflammatoryResponse 99
NicholasP.RhodesandJohnA.Hunt
5.1 Introduction 100
5.2 HyaluronanasaBasePolymerforRegenerative
Therapies 101
5.2.1 ExperiencewithEsterifiedHyaluronan 102
5.2.2 StrategiesforControllingInflammation 103
5.2.3 AmidatedHyaluronanBiomaterials 104
5.3 ResultsofImplantationofAmidatedGels 106
5.4 ConclusionsandOutlook 108
6 EnzymaticallyTriggeredinsituGel-Forming
BiomaterialsforRegenerativeMedicine 111
YoonKiJoung,KyungMinPark,andKiDongPark
6.1 Introduction 112
