Table Of ContentHandbook of
Industrial Surfactants
Fifth Edition
Volume 1
Compiled by
Michael and Irene Ash
Synapse Information Resources
iii
© Synapse Information Resources, Inc. 2010
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by an means, elec-
tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of Synapse Information Resources, Inc.
Published by
Synapse Information Resources, Inc.
1247 Taft Ave.
Endicott, NY 13760
Library of Congress Control Number: 2010933829
ISBN 13: 978-1-934764-43-5
ISBN 10: 1-934764-43-4
Printed in the U.S.A.
iv
Abbreviations
abs. absolute BSS British Standard Sieve
ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene Btu British thermal unit
absorp. absorption B.U. Brabender units (viscosity)
ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygien- BVC British Veterinary Codex
ists BVO brominated vegetable oil
ACN acrylonitrile byprod. byproduct(s)
act. active C degrees Centigrade
ADI acceptable daily intake (FAO/WHO) CAA Clean Air Act
ADR adverse drug reactions CAB cellulose acetate butyrate
AEL acceptable exposure limit calcd. calculated
adsorp. adsorption cap. capillary
agric. agricultural CAS Chemical Abstracts Service
agrochem. agrochemical CC closed cup
a.i. active ingredient cc cubic centimeter(s)
AIHA American Industrial Hygiene Association CCFAC Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants
alc. alcohol CCl carbon tetrachloride
4
Am., Amer. American CD completely denatured
amts. amounts CDA completely denatured alcohol
anhyd. anhydrous CEL corporate exposure limit
ANSI American National Standards Institute CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,
AOC assimilable organic carbon & Liability Act (U.S.)
APHA American Public Health Association CFC chlorofluorocarbon
API Active Pharmceutical Ingredients CFN Council on Food & Nutrition (Am. Medical Assoc.)
applic(s). application(s) CFR Code of Federal Regulations (U.S.)
aq. aqueous cfu colony-forming units
AS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene cGMP current good manufacturing practice (U.S. FDA)
ASA acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile ch. Chapter
ASBC Am. Society of Brewing Chemists char. characteristic, characterized
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials chel. chelation
ATH alumina trihydrate chem(s). chemical(s)
atm atmosphere CI Color Index
at.wt. atomic weight CIIR chlorobutyl rubber
autoignit. autoignition CIP Clean In Place cleaners
aux(s). auxiliary, auxililaries CIR Cosmetic Ingredient Review
avail. available cks centistoke(s)
avg. average cl clear
a.w. atomic weight CL ceiling concentration
BAC biological activated carbon cm centimeter(s)
BATF Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (U.S.) cm3 cubic centimeter(s)
BDG butyl diglycol CMC carboxymethylcellulose
BDOC biodegradable dissolved organic carbon CMC critical Micelle concentration
BfArM Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (Fed- c.m.p. capillary melting point
eral Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Germany) CNS central nervous system
BGA Federal Republic of Germany Health Dept. certification CO carbon monoxide
BgVV Bundesinsititut für Gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz COC Cleveland Open Cup
und Veterinärmedizin (Federal Institute for Consumer COD chemical oxygen demand
Health Protection and Veterinary Medicine) (Germany) coeff. coefficient
BHA butylated hydroxyanisole COF coefficient of friction
BHT butylated hydroxytoluene compat. compatible
biochem. biochemical compd(s). compound(s)
biodeg. biodegradable compr. compression
bldg. building conc(s). concentrated, concentration(s)
blk. black conduct. Conductive, conductivity
BMC bulk molding compound const. constant
BOD biochemical oxygen demand contg. containing
BP British Pharmacopeia cosolv. cosolvent
b.p. boiling point CP Canadian Pharmacopeia
BR butadiene rubbers, polybutadienes cp centipoise(s)
B&R Ball & Ring CPE chlorinated polyethylene
br., brn. brown cps centipoise(s)
brnsh. brownish CPVC chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
BS British Standards CR chloroprene rubber, polychloroprene
B/S butadiene/styrene cryst. crystalline, crystallization
BSI British Standards Institute cs centistoke(s)
ix
cSt centistoke(s) EPS expandable polystyrene
CTFA Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association equip. equipment
ctks centistoke(s) equiv. equivalent
CWA Clean Water Act ESCR environmental stress crack resistance
cwt hundred weight ESD electrostatic discharge
DAB Deutsche. Arzneibuch (German Pharmacopoeia) ESO epoxidized soybean oil
DAC Deutscher Arneimittel Codex (German Pharmacopoeia ESP electrostatic protection
Codex) esp. especially
D&C Drugs & Cosmetics EU European Union
dc direct current Eur.Ph. European Pharmacopeia
DE dextrose equivalent EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
DEA diethanolamide, diethanolamine evap. Evaporation
dec. decomposes exc. excellent
decomp. decomposition F degrees Fahrenheit
DEG diethylene glycol FA fatty acid
deliq. deliquescent FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (United Nations)
dens. density FAP Food Additive Petition (U.S.)
deriv(s). derivative(s) FCC Food Chemicals Codex
descrip. description FCC fluorochlorocarbon
dg decigram(s) FDA Food and Drug Administration (U.S.)
DI deionized FD&C Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics
diam. diameter FEMA Flavor and Extract Manufacturers’ Association (U.S.)
dielec. dielectric FEP fluorinated ethylene propylene
dil. dilute FFA free fatty acid
DIN Deutsches Institut fuer Normung (German Standards Orga- FFDCA Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
nization) FG food grade
disp. dispersible, dispersion FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (U.S.
dissip. dissipation EPA)
dist. distilled FKM fluoroelastomer
distort. distortion fl fluid
distrib. distributor flamm. flammable, flammability
dk. dark flex. flexural
DMF dimethyl formamide FNB Food and Nutrition Board
DMF Drug Master Files f.p. freezing point
DO dissolved oxygen FP French Pharmacopoeia
D.O. dissolved oxygen FR flame retardant
DOC dissolved organic carbon FR-ABS flame retardant ABS
DOM dissolved organic matter FRP fiberglass-reinforced plastics
DOP dioctyl phthalate F-T Fischer-Tropsch
DOT Department of Transportation (U.S.) ft foot, feet
DPG diphenyl guanidine, dipropylene glycol f.w. formula weight
DSB dry solids basis G giga
DSI Canadian Provisional Domestic Substance list g gram(s)
DTUL deflection temperature under load gal gallon(s)
DVB divinylbenzene g/d gram/dyne
DW distilled water, deionized water GFRP glass fiber-reinforced plastic
DWV drainage, waste and vent G-H Gardner-Holdt
eb, EB electron beam GI gastro-intestinal
EC European Community glac. glacial
EC50 environmental concentration, 50% GLP good laboratory practice
EDTA ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid GLY glycine
EE epoxy equivalent GMP good manufacturing practice
EEC European Economic Community gpd gallons per day
EED environmental endocrine disrupter gpm gallons per minute
EEW epoxide equivalent weight GPPS general purpose polystyrene
e.g. for example gpt gallons per ton
EGC Epoxide Group Content gr. gravity
EINECS European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Sub- gran. granules, granular
stances GRAS generally regarded as safe
elec. electrical grn(sh). green. greenish
ELINCS European List of Notified Chemical Substances GRP glass-reinforced plastics, glass-reinforced polyester
elong. elongation GVS Gardner varnish scale (color)
EMI electromagnetic interference GWP Global warming potential
EMS electromagnetic shielding h hour(s)
ENB 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene HAF high abrasion furnace carbon black
EO ethylene oxide HALS hindered amine light stabilizer
EP European Pharmacopoeia HAP hazardous air pollutant
EP extreme pressure HAPS hazardous air pollutants
EPA Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.) HAP's hazardous air pollutants
EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, ethylene-propylene ter- HB horizontal burning
polymer HC hydrocarbon
EPR ethylene-propylene rubber HCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbon
x
HCl hydrochloride, hydrochloric acid LDPE low-density polyethylene
HDPE high-density polyethylene LED light-emitting diode
HDT heat distortion (deflection) temp. lel lower explosive level
HFC hydrofluorocarbon lg. large
Hg mercury liq. liquid
HIPS high-impact polystyrene LLDPE linear low-density polyethylene
HLB hydrophilic lipophilic balance LMDPE linear medium-density polyethylene
HMIS Hazardous Material Identification System LOEL lowest observed effect level
hr hour(s) lt. light
HTST high temperature short-time pasteurization Ltd. Limited
HEUR hydrophobically modified ethoxylate urethane LVP low vapor pressure
HVAC heating, ventilation, air conditioning M mega
HVP hydrolyzed vegetable protein M mole
hyd. hydroxyl m milli
hydrog. hydrogenated m meter(s)
Hz hertz m- meta
IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer (United manuf. manufacturer
Nations) max. maximum
i.b.p. initial boiling point mbar millibar
IDLH immediately dangerous to life and health MCF methyl chloroform
I&I industrial and institutional MCL maximum contaminant level
IIR isobutylene-isoprene rubber MCT medium chain triglycerides
IM intramuscular MD machine direction, mold direction
immisc. immiscible MEA monoethanolamine, monoethanolamide
IMP inosine monophosphate mech. mechanial
in. inch(es) med. medium
Inc. Incorporated MEK methyl ethyl ketone
inc. increases, increased mfg. manufacture
INCI International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient mg milligram(s)
incl. including mgd million gallons/day
incompat. incompatible MIBK methyl isobutyl ketone
incorp. Incorporated, incorporation microcryst. microcrystalline
indent. indentation microgran. microgranules, microgranular
ing. ingestion MID Meat Inspection Division (USDA)
ingred(s). ingredient(s) MIL Military Specifications
inh. inhalation mil 0.001 inch
inj. injection min minute(s)
inorg. inorganic min. mineral
INS International Numbering System for Food Additives min. minimum
insol. insoluble MIPA monoisopropanolamine, monoisopropanolamide
Int’l. International misc. miscible, miscellaneous
IOFI International Organization of the Flavor Industry MITI Japanese Inventory of Chemical Substances (list)
IP intraperitoneal mixt(s). mixture(s)
IPA isopropyl alcohol ml milliliter(s)
IPM isopropyl myristate MLD minimum lethal dose
IPP isopropyl palmitate mm millimeter(s)
IR isoprene rubber (synthetic), polyisoprene MMAP modified mixed aniline point
irreg. irregular MMW-HDPE medium molecular weight high density polyethylene
IU International Unit mN millinewton(s)
IV intravenous mo, mos month(s)
J joule mod. moderately
JCIC Japanese Cosmetic Ingredients Codex mod. modulus
JCID Japanese Cosmetic Ingredients Dictionary monocl. monoclinic
JECFA Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives m.p. melting point
JP Japanese Pharmacopoeia mPa•s millipascal-second(s)
JSCI Japanese Standard of Cosmetic Ingredients mppcf million particles per cubic foot
JSFA Japan Standards for Food Additives MRL maximum residual limits
k kilo MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
KB Kauri-Butanol MT medium thermal
kg kilogram(s) mus mouse
KTPP potassium tripolyphosphate MVTR moisture vapor transmission rate
KU Krebs units m.w. molecular weight
l liter(s) N normal
LAB linear alkylbenzene nat. natural
LAS linear alkylbenzene sulfonate NB nonbreaking
LAO linear alpha olefins N/B nitrile-butadiene
lb pound(s) NBR nitrile rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber
LC50 lethal concentration 50% NC nitrocellulose
LCLo lethal concentration low NCI National Cancer Institute
LD0 lethal dose 0% need. needles
LD50 lethal dose 50% neg. negative
LDLo lowest published lethal dose neut. neutral, neutralized
xi
NF National Formulary Pk peak concentration
NFPA National Fire Protection Association pkg. packaging
ng nanogram PM, P-M Pensky-Martens
NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) PMCC Pensky-Martens closed cup
nm nanometer PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
no. number PMOC Pensky-Martens open cup
NO nitrous oxide PO propylene oxide
2
NO nitrogen oxides POC particulate organic carbon
x POE polyoxyethylene, polyoxyethylated
NOEL no observed effect level
polyunsat. polyunsaturated
NOI not otherwise indexed (U.S. DOT)
PoM prescription-only medicine
nonalc. nonalcoholic
POM polyoxymethylene
nonaq. nonaqueous
POP polyoxypropylene, polyoxypropylated
nonbiodeg. nonbiodegradable
POP's persistant organic pollutants
nonflamm. nonflammable
powd. powder
nonyel. nonyellowing
PP polypropylene
N.O.S. not otherwise specified (transport regulations)
ppb parts per billion
NPRI National Pollutant Release Inventory (Canada)
PPE polyphenylene ether
NR natural rubber, isoprene rubber (natural)
PPG polypropylene glycol
NSF National Sanitation Foundation, National Standards Foun-
pph parts per hundred (percent)
dation
ppm parts per million
NTP National Toxicology Program (U.S.)
PPO polyphenylene oxide
NV nonvolatiles
PPS polyphenylene sulfide
o- ortho
ppt parts per trillion
OBPA oxybisphenoxarsine
pract. practically
OC open cup
prep(s). preparation(s)
ODC ozone-depleting compound
prod. product(s), production
ODP ozone-depletion potential
props. properties
OEL occupational exposure limit
PS polystyrene
OEM original equipment manufacturer
ps poise
OMS odorless mineral spirits
psi pounds per square inch
OPV over print varnish
psia pounds per square inch absolute
org. organic
psig pounds per square inch gauge
orig. original
pt. point
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration (U.S.)
Pt-Co platinum-cobalt
OTC over-the-counter
PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
o/w oil-in-water
PTMEG polytetramethylene ether glycol
oz ounce
PU polyurethane
p- para
PUF polyurethane foam
Pa Pascal
PUR polyurethane
PBT polybutylene terephthalate
PVA polyvinyl alcohol
pbw parts by weight
PVAc polyvinyl acetate
PC polycarbonate PVAL polyvinyl alcohol
PCB polychlorinated biphenyl PVB polyvinyl butyral
pcf pounds per cubic foot PVC polyvinyl chloride
PCMX p-chloro-m-xylenol PVC-P plasticized polyvinyl chloride
PCP Pest Control Product Act, 1972 (Canada) PVC-U unplasticized polyvinyl chloride
PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene PVDC, PVdC polyvinylidene chloride
PDIS primary dermal irritation score PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
PE polyethylene PVM polyvinyl methyl ether
PEEK polyetheretherketone PVM/MA polyvinyl methyl ether/maleic anhydride
PEG polyethylene glycol PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
PEIS primary eye irritation score PWB partial weight bearing
PEK polyetherketone qt quart
PEL permissible exposure level quat. quaternary
perc perchloroethylene R&B Ring & Ball
percut. percutaneous rbt rabbit
PES polyether sulfone RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (U.S. EPA
PET polyethylene terephthalate 40CFR §261)
petrol. petroleum R&D research and development
PFPE perfluoropolyether RDA recommended daily allowances
PG propylene glycol rdsh. reddish
pH hydrogen-ion concentration rec. recommended
Ph. Pharmacopoeia ref. refractive
Ph.Eur. European Pharmacopoeia reg. registry
PHA phosphonohyroxyacetic acid regs. regulations
pharm. pharmaceutical REL recommended exposure limit
Ph.Eur. European Pharmacopoeia rep. represents
phr parts per hundred of rubber or resin resist. resistance, resistant, resistivity
PIB polyisobutylene resp. respectively
PIN product identification number RFI radio frequency interference
PIR polyisocyanurate r.h. relative humidity
xii
rhomb. rhombic TIPA triisopropanolamine
RIM reaction injection molded/molding TKPP tetrapotassium pyrophosphate
RO reverse osmosis TLV Threshold Limit Value
rpm revolutions per minute TLV-CL Threshold Limit Value/ceiling limit
RQ reportable quantity TLV-STEL Threshold Limit Value/short therm exposure limit
R.T. room temperature TLV-TWA Threshold Limit Value/time weighted average
RTECS Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (U.S.) TMC thick molding compound
RTM resin transfer molding TOC Tag open cup, total organic carbon
RTV room temperature vulcanizing tox. toxicity
RV recreational vehicle TPE thermoplastic elastomer
s second(s) TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
s- secondary TRI Toxic Release Inventory
SADT self accelerating decomposition temp. TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act
SAN styrene-acrylonitrile tsp teaspoon
sapon. saponification TSS total suspended solids
SARA Superfund Amendments & Reauthorization Act (U.S.) TWA time weighted average
sat. saturated TWC time weighted concentration
S/B styrene/butadiene typ. typical
SBR styrene/butadiene rubber uel upper explosive limits
SBS styrene-butadiene-styrene UF urea formaldehyde
SD specially denatured UF ultra filtration
SDA specially denatured alcohol UHF ultra high frequency
SE self-emulsifying UHMW ultra high molecular weight
SEBS styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene UHMWPE ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
sec. secondary UHT ultra high temperature
semicryst. semicrystalline UL Underwriter’s Laboratory
semiliq. semiliquid UN No. United Nations Substance Identification Number (for trans-
semisyn. semisynthetic port purposes)
sl. slight, slightly unsat. unsaturated
sm. small UPVC unplasticized polyvinyl chloride
SMA styrene maleic anhydride USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture
SMC sheet molding compound USFA United States Food Additives
SMG succinylated monoglycerides USP United States Pharmacopeia
SNAP Significant New Alternative Policy (U.S. EPA) uv, UV ultraviolet
soften. softening V volt
sol. soluble, solubility VA vinyl acetate
solid. solidification VAE vinyl acetate ethylene
sol’n. solution VC vinyl chloride
solv(s). solvent(s) VCA vinyl chloride-acrylic
sp. specific VdC, VDC vinylidene chloride
spec. specification, specialty veg(s). vegetable, vegetables
SPF sun protection factor visc. viscous, viscosity
spp. non-specified species VM&P Varnish Makers and Painters
SRF semireiniforced furnace VOC volatile organic compounds
SS stainless steel vol. volume
SSU Saybolt Universal Seconds v/v volume by volume
std. standard wh. white
STEL short term exposure limit WEEL Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (U.S.)
Stod. Stoddard solvent WFC World Food Council
STP standard temperature and pressure WHMIS Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (Can-
str. strength ada)
subcut. subcutaneous WHO World Health Organization (United Nations)
subl. sublimes wks weeks
surf. surface w/o water-in-oil
SUS Saybolt Universal Seconds wt. weight
susp. suspension w/v weight by volume
syn. synthetic w/w weight by weight
t tertiary XLPE crosslinked polyethylene
TAPPI Technical Association of the Pulp & Paper Industry X-PE crosslinked polyethylene
TBHQ tert-butyl hydroquinone yel. yellow
TCC Tag closed cup ylsh. yellowish
TCLo toxic concentration low yr year
TDI toluene diisocyanate # number
TDLo toxic dose low % percent
TDS total dissolved solids < less than
TEA triethanolamine, triethanolamide > greater than
tech. technical ≤ less than or equal to
temp. temperature ± plus or minus
tens. tensile, tension ≥ greater than or equal to
tert tertiary @ at
THF tetrahydrofuran α alpha
THMs trihalomethanes β beta
xiii
δ,∆ delta µ micron, micrometer
ε epsilon µg microgram
γ gamma ≈ approximately equal to
Ω omega
xiv
Preface
The surfactant industry is complex because of the multitude of pH, freezing point, HLB number, Draves wetting and Ross
markets served, diversity of product types, dynamic changes Miles foam height, activity; ionic nature, toxicology, environ-
in product names and manufacturers, and the development of mental data, storage requirements, precautions, and hazard-
new products. This two-volume reference set, in its fifth edi- ous ratings. This information is provided by the manufacturer
tion, serves to integrate information on surfactant chemicals or derived from other reference sources. Not all entries con-
and materials that are presently available throughout the tain information for every category as product descriptions are
world. Since the publication of the last edition of this refer- dependent, in many cases, on the literature that the individual
ence, many products have been discontinued or acquired by manufacturers provide.
different manufacturers, thousands of new trade name prod-
ucts and generic chemicals have been added, and information Part II— Discontinued Trade Name Reference provides an
has been added to trade name and generic chemicals that alphabetical listing of more than 15,800 surfactant trade name
were contained in the earlier editions. chemicals and materials that are no longer manufactured. By
listing the name, manufacturer, and chemical description, the
Surfactants are versatile materials that function as: antifoam- user can use the information to find a substitute product with
ers, defoamers, demulsifiers, detergents, dispersants, emulsi- the same chemical component(s).
fiers, foam builders, foam control agents, foam stabilizers,
solubilizers, surface conditioners, surfactant intermediates, Part III— Chemical Component Cross Reference covers
surfactant raw materials, wettingand rewetting agents. The more than 5600 chemicals and materials that are contained in
application areas for surfactant products cover a broad spec- the trade name products profiled in Part I or are generic chem-
trum with the bulk of revenues generated from household ical and material components that are not linked to trade
detergents and personal care products. Surfactants are also names but are used for surfactant applications. More than
important in industrial and institutional cleaning, textiles, emul- 16,000 generic chemical synonyms are cross-referenced to
sion polymerization, oilfield, crop protection, construction, the main chemical entry. Each entry contains information
paints and coatings as well as a wide range of other industries including the following: CAS (Chemical Abstract Service),
because of their multfunctional attributes. EINECS/ELINCS (European Inventory of Existing Commercial
Chemical Substances/European List of Notified Chemical
The global surfactant market is valued at more than $14 billion Substances), and UN/DOT reference numbers, classification,
per year. Suppliers are challenged to maintain their position in definition, ionic nature, chemical synonyms, empirical and
the marketplace under the pressures of globalization, demand molecular formulas, properties, toxicology, precautions, stor-
for specialty products, critical mass and price increases, and age, uses, use level, regulatory details, manufacturers and
environmental constraints. Availability of a variety of surfac- distributors. All chemical/material synonyms are cross-refer-
tants materials from many different sources have added to the enced back to the main entry. These entries are followed by a
complexity of the research and selection process. By provid- listing of the trade name products that are either equivalent to
ing information gleaned from thousands of sources, this com- the monograph entry or contain it as one or more of its
prehensive reference is essential to all professionals involved blended ingredients.
in the surfactants field.
Part IV— Functional/Application Index is a powerful tool for
This fifith edition has been extensively revised and more than locating the trade names and chemicals based on their func-
50% of the entries are new or updated since the publication of tion and/or industrial application area. By searching for key
the fourth edition more than five years ago. functional words such as defoamer, emulsifier, solubilizer, in a
specific application area, such as food, de-inking, paint, agri-
Part I— Trade Name Reference provides an alphabetical list- culture, etc., the user is directed to the trade names and/or
ing of more than 20,500 trade name chemicals and materials generic chemicals that have that specific functional/application
that function as surfactants or are used to manufacture surfac- attribute. The generic chemical names are distinguished from
tants. Entries include: manufacturer’s name; chemical the trade names by italic type.
description; detailed functions and applications in all aspects
of industry; physical properties, such as form, molecular Part V— Manufacturers Directory contains detailed contact
weight, density, solubility, boiling point, cloud point, flash point, information for the more than 3300 worldwide manufacturers
vii
and their branches of trade name products and chemical com- and 15-18 for solubilizers and hydrotropes. However, prod-
ponents that are referenced in this handbook. Wherever pos- ucts with similar HLB values may still exhibit disparate perfor-
sible, telephone, fax, toll-free numbers, e-mail and Internet mance because of differences in chemical structure or
addresses, and complete mailing addresses are included for physical chemistry. These values can be used as one of many
each manufacturer. criteria for selection but not as an unequivocal indicator.
Appendix I— CAS Number Index contains CAS number The Glossary contains definitions of terminology associated
entries followed by a listing of their trade name product and with surfactants and their applications.
chemical equivalents in alphabetical order. The chemical
name is in boldfaced type. We are confident that those involved in any aspect of surfac-
tant technology, including identifying, formulating, purchasing,
Appendix II— EINECS/ELINCS Number Index contains and/or researching, will find this two-volume set to be an
EINECS/ELINCS number entries followed by a listing of its important addition to their reference library. We are also
trade name product and generic chemical equivalents in pleased to provide this information as an electronic product.
alphabetical order. The chemical name is in boldfaced type.
This reference is the culmination of many years of research,
Appendix III— Ionic Classification Index orders the trade investigation of product sources acquired through personal
name and generic chemicals based on their principal solubiliz- contacts and correspondences with major chemical manufac-
ing group and consists of four major classes: anionic, cationic, turers worldwide, as well as toxicological databases, chemical
nonionic, amphoteric, and their synergistic blends. reference books, trade magazines and journals.
Appendix IV— HLB Index orders the trade name and generic
chemicals based on this scale. It can be used as an indicator
for surfactant selection based on functional requirements, e.g., M & I Ash
a value of 3-6 for water-in-oil emulsifiers, 7-9 for wetting
agents, 8-15 for oil-in-water emulsifiers, 12-15 for detergents,
NOTE:
The information contained in this reference is accurate to the best of our knowledge; however, no liability will be assumed by the publisher or the
authors for the correctness or comprehensiveness of such information. The determination of the suitability of these products for prospective use
is the responsibility of the user. It is herewith recommended that those who plan to use any of the products referenced seek the manufacturers
instructions for the handling of that chemical.
viii
