Handbook of Industrial Drying, Fourth Edition

1334 Pages·2014·87 MB·English

by  Arun S. Mujumdar

ENGINEERING – CHEMICAL AND INDUSTRIAL
Mujumdar
Handbook of Industrial Drying, Fourth Edition
Handbook of
“This is the ‘bible’ of drying technologies, without any other comparable publications. The IH
continuous update of the contents and contributors has maintained the book’s quality and n
relevance to the ongoing development of drying.” a
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—Professor Bhesh Bhandari, The University of Queensland,
Industrial Drying
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Brisbane, Australia
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“The Fourth Edition of this handbook provides updates to the previous edition and includes
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12 new chapters, which greatly increase the value of the publication. It should be
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emphasized that the authors of the individual chapters are specialists representing all Fourth Edition
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continents of our globe, [making] the whole handbook useful in every region with different o
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requirements and technological possibilities.”
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—Janusz Adamiec, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering,
Lodz University of Technology, Poland (Retired)
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By far the most commonly encountered and energy-intensive unit operation in almost

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all industrial sectors, industrial drying continues to attract the interest of scientists,
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researchers, and engineers. The Handbook of Industrial Drying, Fourth Edition not only delivers
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a comprehensive treatment of the current state of the art, but also serves as a consultative f
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reference for streamlining industrial drying operations.
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New to the Fourth Edition:
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• Computational fluid dynamic simulation
• Solar, impingement, and pulse combustion drying g
• Drying of fruits, vegetables, sugar, biomass, and coal
• Physicochemical aspects of sludge drying
• Life-cycle assessment of drying systems
Covering commonly encountered dryers as well as innovative dryers with future potential, Fourth Edited by
the Handbook of Industrial Drying, Fourth Edition not only details the latest developments in
the field, but also explains how improvements in dryer design and operation can increase Edition Arun S. Mujumdar
energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
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Handbook of
Industrial Drying
Fourth Edition

Handbook of
Industrial Drying
Fourth Edition
Edited by
Arun S. Mujumdar
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
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Contents
Foreword to the Third Edition .....................................................................................................................................................xi
Foreword to the Second Edition .................................................................................................................................................xiii
Foreword to the First Edition ......................................................................................................................................................xv
Preface to the Fourth Edition ....................................................................................................................................................xvii
Preface to the Third Edition ......................................................................................................................................................xix
Preface to the Second Edition ....................................................................................................................................................xxi
Preface to the First Edition ......................................................................................................................................................xxiii
Editor ........................................................................................................................................................................................xxv
Contributors ............................................................................................................................................................................xxvii
Section i Fundamental Aspects
Chapter 1 Principles, Classification, and Selection of Dryers .................................................................................................3
Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 2 Experimental Techniques in Drying .....................................................................................................................31
Károly Molnár
Chapter 3 Basic Process Calculations and Simulations in Drying ........................................................................................51
Zdzisław Pakowski and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 4 Transport Properties in the Drying of Solids ........................................................................................................77
Dimitris Marinos-Kouris and Z.B. Maroulis
Chapter 5 Spreadsheet-Aided Dryer Design .........................................................................................................................111
Z.B. Maroulis, G.D. Saravacos, and Arun S. Mujumdar
Section ii Description of Various Dryer types
Chapter 6 Indirect Dryers ....................................................................................................................................................127
Sakamon Devahastin and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 7 Rotary Drying .....................................................................................................................................................139
Magdalini Krokida, Dimitris Marinos-Kouris, and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 8 Fluidized Bed Dryers ...........................................................................................................................................161
Chung Lim Law and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 9 Industrial Spray Drying Systems .........................................................................................................................191
Iva Filková, Li Xin Huang, and Arun S. Mujumdar
v
vi Contents
Chapter 10 Theoretical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Spray Drying Processes ...................................................227
Maksim Mezhericher, Avi Levy, and Irene Borde
Chapter 11 Drum Dryers .......................................................................................................................................................249
Wan Ramli Wan Daud
Chapter 12 Freeze Drying ......................................................................................................................................................259
Athanasios I. Liapis and Roberto Bruttini
Chapter 13 Microwave and Dielectric Drying .......................................................................................................................283
Robert F. Schiffmann
Chapter 14 Solar Drying ........................................................................................................................................................303
László Imre
Chapter 15 Spouted Bed Drying .............................................................................................................................................351
Elizabeth Pallai, Tibor Szentmarjay, and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 16 Impingement Drying ...........................................................................................................................................371
Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 17 Pneumatic and Flash Drying ...............................................................................................................................381
Avi Levy and Irene Borde
Chapter 18 Conveyor Dryers ..................................................................................................................................................393
Dan Poirier
Chapter 19 Infrared Drying ...................................................................................................................................................405
Cristina Ratti and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 20 Superheated Steam Drying .................................................................................................................................421
Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 21 Special Drying Techniques and Novel Dryers ....................................................................................................433
Tadeusz Kudra and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 22 Intermittent Drying .............................................................................................................................................491
Karim Allaf, Sabah Mounir, Mohamed Negm, Tamara Allaf, Hanintsoa Ferrasse, and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 23 Pulse Combustion Drying ...................................................................................................................................503
Wu Zhonghua
Contents vii
Section iii Drying in Various industrial Sectors
Chapter 24 Drying of Foodstuffs ...........................................................................................................................................521
Shahab Sokhansanj and Digvir S. Jayas
Chapter 25 Drying of Fish and Seafood ................................................................................................................................545
M. Shafiur Rahman
Chapter 26 Grain Drying .......................................................................................................................................................557
Vijaya G.S. Raghavan and Venkatesh Sosle
Chapter 27 Grain Property Values and Their Measurement .................................................................................................567
Digvir S. Jayas and Stefan Cenkowski
Chapter 28 Drying of Rice .....................................................................................................................................................595
Somkiat Prachayawarakorn, Chaiyong Taechapairoj, Adisak Nathakaranakule,
Sakamon Devahastin, and Somchart Soponronnarit
Chapter 29 Drying of Fruits and Vegetables ..........................................................................................................................611
K.S. Jayaraman and D.K. Das Gupta
Chapter 30 Drying of Herbal Medicines and Tea ..................................................................................................................637
Guohua Chen and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 31 Drying of Potato, Sweet Potato, and Other Roots ...............................................................................................647
Shyam S. Sablani and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 32 Osmotic Dehydration of Fruits and Vegetables ...................................................................................................661
Piotr P. Lewicki and Andrzej Lenart
Chapter 33 Drying of Pharmaceutical Products ....................................................................................................................681
Zdzisław Pakowski and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 34 Drying of Nanosize Products ..............................................................................................................................703
Baohe Wang, Li Xin Huang, and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 35 Drying of Ceramics ..............................................................................................................................................717
Yoshinori Itaya, Shigekatsu Mori, and Masanobu Hasatani
Chapter 36 Drying of Peat and Biofuels ................................................................................................................................729
Roland Wimmerstedt
viii Contents
Chapter 37 Drying of Fibrous Materials ................................................................................................................................739
Roger B. Keey
Chapter 38 Drying of Textile Products ..................................................................................................................................763
Wallace W. Carr, H. Stephen Lee, and Hyunyoung Ok
Chapter 39 Drying of Pulp and Paper ....................................................................................................................................773
Osman Polat and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 40 Drying of Wood: Principles and Practices ..........................................................................................................797
Patrick Perré and Roger B. Keey
Chapter 41 Biomass Drying for an Integrated Bioenergy Plant ............................................................................................847
Shusheng Pang
Chapter 42 Drying in Mineral Processing .............................................................................................................................861
Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 43 Dewatering and Drying of Wastewater Treatment Sludge ..................................................................................867
Guohua Chen, Po Lock Yue, and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 44 Physicochemical Aspects of Sludge Drying .......................................................................................................883
Tolga Tunçal, Sachin V. Jangam, and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 45 Drying of Biotechnological Products ..................................................................................................................895
Janusz Adamiec, Władysław Kamin´ski, Adam S. Markowski, and Czesław Strumiłło
Chapter 46 Drying of Coated Webs ........................................................................................................................................917
James Y. Hung, Richard J. Wimberger, and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 47 Drying of Polymers .............................................................................................................................................937
Arun S. Mujumdar and Mainul Hasan
Chapter 48 Drying of Enzymes .............................................................................................................................................961
Ana M.R. Pilosof and Virginia E. Sánchez
Chapter 49 Drying and Denaturation of Proteins in Spray Drying Process ..........................................................................971
M. Amdadul Haque and Benu Adhikari
Chapter 50 Product Functionality-Oriented Drying Process Related to Pharmaceutical Particles Engineering ..................985
Meng Wai Woo and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 51 Drying of Coal ....................................................................................................................................................999
Arun S. Mujumdar, Sachin V. Jangam, and Jerzy Pikon´
Contents ix
Section iV Miscellaneous topics in industrial Drying
Chapter 52 Dryer Feeding Systems .....................................................................................................................................1025
Rami Y. Jumah and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 53 Dryer Emission Control Systems ......................................................................................................................1045
Rami Y. Jumah and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 54 Energy Aspects in Drying .................................................................................................................................1077
Czesław Strumiłło, Peter L. Jones, and Romuald Żyłła
Chapter 55 Heat Pump Drying Systems ...............................................................................................................................1101
Chou Siaw Kiang and Chua Kian Jon
Chapter 56 Safety Aspects of Industrial Dryers ...................................................................................................................1127
Adam S. Markowski and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 57 Control of Industrial Dryers ...............................................................................................................................1153
Rami Y. Jumah, Arun S. Mujumdar, and Vijaya G.S. Raghavan
Chapter 58 Solid–Liquid Separation for Pretreatment of Drying Operation .......................................................................1171
Mompei Shirato and Masashi Iwata
Chapter 59 Frying of Foods ..................................................................................................................................................1189
Vassiliki Oreopoulou, Magdalini Krokida, and Dimitris Marinos-Kouris
Chapter 60 Simprosys: Software for Dryer Calculations .....................................................................................................1209
Zhen-Xiang Gong, Sachin V. Jangam, and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 61 Life Cycle Assessment of Drying Systems .......................................................................................................1229
Nawshad Haque, Sachin V. Jangam, and Arun S. Mujumdar
Chapter 62 Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Aspects of Drying ................................................................................................1239
Stefan Jan Kowalski and Andrzej Rybicki
Chapter 63 Supercritical Fluid-Assisted Drying ...................................................................................................................1261
Marzouk Benali and Yacine Boumghar
Chapter 64 Industrial Crystallization ..................................................................................................................................1271
Seppo Palosaari, Marjatta Louhi-Kultanen, and Zuoliang Sha
Chapter 65 Cost-Estimation Methods for Dryers and Drying Processes ............................................................................1291
Tadeusz Kudra
Index .......................................................................................................................................................................................1303