Handbook of Industrial Diamonds: Volume 1, Superabrasives and Diamond Syntheses

439 Pages·2021·333.336 MB·English

by  James Sung

Handbook of

Industrial Diamonds

Vol. 1

Handbook of

Industrial Diamonds

Superabrasives and Diamond Syntheses

Vol. 1

James Sung
Published by
Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.
Level 34, Centennial Tower
3 Temasek Avenue
Singapore 039190

Email: [email protected]
Web: www.jennystanford.com
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Handbook of Industrial Diamonds: Superabrasives and Diamond
Syntheses
Copyright © 2021 Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or
to be invented, without written permission from the publisher.
For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee
through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive,
Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not
required from the publisher.
ISBN 978-981-4800-60-0 (Hardcover)
ISBN 978-1-003-18046-3 (eBook)
Contents
Preface

xi
1. High-Pressure Synthesis of Saw Diamond 1

1.1 The Technology Barrier for Growing Saw

Diamond 1

1.2 The Belt Apparatus 6

1.3 The Production Scale 6

1.4 The Construction of Belt Apparatus 14

1.5 Stress in a Die 17

1.6 Gasket Material 19

1.7 The Design of Reaction Cell 25

1.8 The Russian Toroidal Apparatus 27

1.9 The Chinese Cubic Presses 30

1.10 China as the Volume Leader 32

1.11 Layered Cell versus Powdered Cell 35

1.12 Positive Nucleation Control by Seeding 38

1.13 The Optimization of Graphite 41
2. 1D.i1a4m oTnhde GSerilte c tion of Catalyst 4435

2.1 Diamond Attributes 45

2.2 Diamond’s Facets 47

2.3 Diamond’s Hardness 50

2.4 Grit Size 53

2.5 Diamond Shape 60

2.6 Impact Strength 68

2.7 Compression Strength 70
2.8 Thermal Softening of Diamond 75
vi Contents

2.9 Graphitization of Diamond 75

2.10 Oxidation of Diamond 76

2.11 Catalytic Etching 80

2.12 Diamond Grades 85

2.13 Diamond Separation 87

2.14 Magnetic Susceptibility 88
3. 2D.i1a5m oMnadt rSiaxw Mse tal 8995

3.1 Revived Stone Age 95

3.2 Circular Diamond Saws 97

3.3 Straight Frame Saws 103

3.4 Metal Coating of Diamond 108

3.5 Diamond Granulation 112

3.6 Wire Saws 117

3.7 Brazed Wire Saw Beads 120

3.8 Diamond Cutting Optimization 124

3.9 Cutting Performance of Circular Saws 127

3.10 Diamond Saw Performance 128

3.11 Diamond Saw Segments 132

3.12 Sintering Processes 135
4. 3M.1ic3r oDn iaanmdo Nnda nAormra yD iina m3Don d 114531

4.1 Explosive Diamond 151

4.2 High Surface Areas 153

4.3 Dynamite Diamond 155

4.4 Nanom Diamond Applications 156

4.5 Shock Wave Diamond 158

4.6 Micron Diamond Applications 162

4.7 Conventional Micron Diamonds 165

4.8 Diamond Pulverization 167

4.9 The Classification of Micron Diamond 170

4.10 The Polishing by Micron Diamond 174
4.11 Sintering of Micron and Nanom Diamonds 176
Contents vii
5. Active Braze-Coated Diamond 183

5.1 Diamond Brazes 183

5.2 Diamond Bonding Strength 185

5.3 Diamond Coating 188

5.4 Molten Braze Coating 189

5.5 Diamond Needles and Plates 192

5.6 Trans-Granular Fracture of ABCD 194

5.7 ABCD Saw Segments 197

5.8 Porous Metal Matrix 199

5.9 Frame Saw for Cutting Granite 203

5.10 Porous ABCD Frame Saw Segment 206

5.11 Frame Saw with Elastic Blades 207

5.12 Mini-Wire Saws 210
6. 5D.i1a3m oAnBdC GDr Windireer Ss a w to Slice Silicon Ingot 221261

6.1 The Applications of Diamond Grinders 221

6.2 The Performance of Diamond Grinders 222

6.3 The Design of Diamond Grinders 228

6.4 Diamond Selection 229

6.5 Diamond Wear Mechanism 231

6.6 Diamond and Matrix Material 234

6.7 Diamond Coatings 237
7. 6C.u8b ic NBoovroenl C Nointrciedpet Friable Diamond 224427

7.1 ABCD of Abrasives 247

7.2 Cubic Boron Nitride 249

7.3 Synthesis of cBN 252

7.4 Crystal Morphology 255

7.5 Matrix of cBN Grinder 257

7.6 Applications of cBN Grinders 262

7.7 Polycrystalline cBN Grits 267
7.8 Polycrystalline cBN Blanks 268
viii Contents
8. Diamond Pad Dresser 277

8.1 Diamond Distribution and Diamond Adherence 277

8.2 Chemical Mechanical Planarization 289

8.3 Diamond Pad Dresser 290

8.4 The Dressing of Polishing Pad 292

8.5 The Dressing Rate of a Pad 294

8.6 The Texture of the Pad Surface 298

8.7 Harmonic Dressing versus Noisy Dressing 301

8.8 Mathematical Models for Dressing 303

8.9 Diamond Dresser Life 306

8.10 Diamond Selection 309

8.11 Diamond Dresser Design 314

8.12 Conventional Diamond Dressers 317

8.13 Diamond Separation 320

8.14 Diamond Leveling 321

8.15 Diamond Shield Protection 324
9. 8Po.1l6yc rDysiatamlloinned DGiraidm Poenrdfo rmance 332361

9.1 Sintering of Polycrystalline Diamond 331

9.2 The Infiltration of Cobalt 336

9.3 PCD Interface 340

9.4 PCD Structures 344

9.5 PCD Properties 346

9.6 Thermal Stability of PCD 349

9.7 PCD Brazing 356

9.8 Thermally Stable PCD 358

9.9 DiaPore PCD’s Manufacture 362

9.10 High-Pressure DiaMet 367

9.11 DiaSiC PCD 368

9.12 DiaSil PCD 371

9.13 Utility-Grade PCD 378
9.14 PCD Cutting Tools 380
Contents ix

9.15 PCD Drill Bits 385

9.16 PCD Wire-Drawing Die 390

9.17 PCD Dressers 400
9.18 PCD Wear Resistant Parts 400
Appendix

Index

403
417