Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Third Edition

1662 Pages·2006·48.214 MB·English

HANDBOOK OF HUMAN FACTORS
AND ERGONOMICS
HANDBOOK OF HUMAN FACTORS
AND ERGONOMICS
Third Edition
Edited by
Gavriel Salvendy
Purdue University
WestLafayette, Indiana
and
Tsinghua University
Beijing, People’sRepublic of China
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Handbookofhumanfactorsandergonomics/editedbyGavrielSalvendy.–3rd
ed.
p.cm.
ISBN-13978-0-471-44917-1 (Cloth)
ISBN-100-471-44917-2(Cloth)
1. Humanengineering–Handbooks,manuals,etc. I. Salvendy,Gavriel,1938-
TA166.H2752005
620.8(cid:1)2–dc22
2005003111
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10987654321
ABOUT THE EDITOR
GavrielSalvendyisaprofessorof industrial engineeringatPurdueUniversityandChair,Professor,and
Head of the Department of Industrial Engineering at Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic
of China. He is the author and co-author of over 430 research publications, including over 230 journal
papers, and is the author or editor of 28 books. His publications have appeared in seven languages.
Gavriel Salvendy is the founding editor of the International Journal on Human–Computer Interaction
and Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing. He was the founding chair of the International
Commission on Human Aspects in Computing, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1990 he
became the first member of either the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society or the International
Ergonomics Association to be elected to the National Academy of Engineering. He was elected “for
fundamental contributions to and professional leadership in human, physical, and cognitive aspects of
engineeringsystems.”In1995hereceivedanhonorarydoctoratefromtheChineseAcademyofScience
“for great contributions to the development of science and technology and for the great influence upon
thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinChina.”Heisthefourthpersoninallfieldsofscienceand
engineering in the 45 years of the Academy ever to receive this award. He is an honorary fellow and
life member of the Ergonomics Societyandfellow of Human FactorsandErgonomics Society,Institute
of Industrial Engineers, and the American Psychological Association. He has advised organizations
in 30 countries on the human side of effective design, implementation, and management of advanced
technologies in the workplace. He earned his Ph.D. in engineering production at the University of
Birmingham, United Kingdom.
v
ADVISORY BOARD
Sebastiano Bagnara Erik Hollnagel
Institute of Psychology CNR Professor
Rome, Italy Department of Computer and Information
Science
LIU/IDA/CSELAB
Kenneth R. Boff
University of Linko¨ping
Chief Scientist
Linko¨ping, Sweden
Human Effectiveness Division
Air Force Research Laboratory
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio Sylvia Horner
Director, Human Factors
Quintec Associates Limited
Hans-Joerg Bullinger
Farnham, Surrey, England
President
Franhoffer Society
Munich, Germany Sheue-Ling Hwang
Department of Industrial Engineering and
Engineering Management
Donald Chaffin
Tsinghua University
R. G. Snyder Distinguished University Professor
Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
and G. Lawton and Louise G. Johnson
Professor
University of Michigan Waldemar Karwowski
Ann Arbor, Michigan Professor and Director
Center for Industrial Ergonomics
University of Louisville
Colin G. Drury
Louisville, Kentucky
U.B. Distinguished Professor and Chair
Department of Industrial Engineering
University of Buffalo: State University of New Danuta Koradecka
York Director
Buffalo, New York Central Institute for Labour Protection
National Research Institute
Warsaw, Poland
Martin G. Helander
Professor
School of Mechanical and Aerospace K. Ronald Laughery, Jr.
Engineering President
Nanyang Technological University Micro Analysis and Design, Inc.
Singapore Boulder, Colorado
vii
viii ADVISORYBOARD
Thomas Leamon Robert W. Proctor
Director and Vice President Professor
Liberty Mutual Research Center Department of Psychological Sciences
Hopkinton, Massachusetts Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana
Mark Lehto
Associate Professor
William B. Rouse
School of Industrial Engineering
Executive Director & Professor
Purdue University
Tennenbaum Institute
West Lafayette, Indiana
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia
Holger Luczak
Director and Chair
Institute of Industrial Engineering and
Wang Sheng
Ergonomics
Professor
Research Institute for Rationalization and
Department of Occupational Health
Operations Management
Beijing Medical University
Aachen, Germany
Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Andrew Monk
Cornell Medical Center–Westchester Michael J. Smith
White Plains, New York The Duane H. and Dorothy M. Bluemke
Professor of Engineering
Vladimir Munopov Department of Industrial and Systems
President of Applied Ergonomics Association Engineering
and Professor University of Wisconsin–Madison
Electronics and Automation Madison, Wisconsin
Moscow State Institute of Radioengineering
Moscow, Russia
Thomas Stewart
Editor, BIT
Masamitsu Oshima
System Concepts, Ltd.
Director
London, England
Institute for Health Sciences
Akasaka, Minato-ku
Tokyo, Japan
John Wilson
Professor of Human Factors
Kyung Park
Institute of Occupational Ergonomics
Professor
University of Nottingham
Korea Advanced Institute of Science
Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, England
and Technology
Taejon, Korea
CONTRIBUTORS
Chadia Abras Carolyn K. Bensel
Director, Educational Technology & Distance Senior Research Psychologist
Learning Supporting Science and Technology Directorate
Graduate & Professional Studies U.S. Army Natick Soldier Center
Goucher College Kansas Street
1021 Dulaney Valley Road Natick, Massachusetts
Baltimore, Maryland [email protected]
[email protected]
Margherita Antona Kenneth R. Boff
Research Associate Chief Scientist
Foundation for Research and Human Effectiveness Division
Technology–Hellas (FORTH) Air Force Research Laboratory
Institute of Computer Science Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio
Vassilika Vouton [email protected]
Heraklion, Crete, Greece
[email protected]
Walter C. Borman
Susan Archer Professor
Director of Operations Department of Psychology
Micro Analysis and Design, Inc. University of South Florida
4949 Pearl East Circle 4202 Fowler Avenue
Boulder, Colorado Tampa, Florida
[email protected] [email protected]
Nuray Aykin
Director of Special Projects Peter R. Boyce
Office of the President Consultant
The New School 60, Riverside Close,
55 West 13th Street, Room 211 Bridge, Canterbury, Kent, Great Britain
New York, New York [email protected]
[email protected]
Kevin B. Bennett Martin Braun
Professor and Graduate Program Director Senior Scientist
Department of Psychology Fraunhofer-Institut fu¨r Arbeitswirtschaft und
Wright State University Organisation (IAO)
3640 Colonel Glenn Highway Nobelstrasse 12
Dayton, Ohio Stuttgart, Germany
[email protected] [email protected]
ix
x CONTRIBUTORS
Michael A. Campion Patrick G. Dempsey
Professor of Management Director of Experimental Programs
Krannert Graduate School of Management Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety
Purdue University 71 Frankland Road
403 West State Street Hopkinton, Massachusetts
West Lafayette, Indiana [email protected]
[email protected]
Karen M. Dettinger
Pascale Carayon University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics
Proctor & Gamble Bascom Professor in Total Madison, Wisconsin
Quality [email protected]
Department of Industrial and Systems
Engineering Colin G. Drury
Director of the Center for Quality and UB Distinguished Professor and Chair
Productivity Improvement Department of Industrial Engineering
University of Wisconsin–Madison University at Buffalo: State University of
610 Walnut Street, 575 WARF New York
Madison, Wisconsin 438 Bell Hall
[email protected] Buffalo, New York
[email protected]
C. Melody Carswell
Associate Professor David W. Eby
Department of Psychology Associate Professor and Head
University of Kentucky Social and Behavioral Division Research
205 Kastle Hall University of Michigan Transportation Research
Lexington, Kentucky Institute
[email protected] 2901 Baxter Road
Ann Arbor, Michigan
John G. Casali [email protected]
John Grado Professor
Grado Department of Industrial and Systems Paula J. Edwards
Engineering Research Assistant
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Institute for Health Systems Engineering
University Georgia Institute of Technology
Blacksburg, Virginia, Atlanta, Georgia
[email protected] [email protected]
Joseph Cohn Gabriele Elke
Naval Research Laboratory Department of Psychology
4555 Overlook Avenue SW Ruhr University–Bochum
Washington, D.C. Postfach 102148
[email protected] Bochum, Germany
[email protected]
Sara J. Czaja
Professor and Co-Director Mica R. Endsley
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Center President
on Aging Sciences SA Technologies, Inc.
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine 3750 Palladian Village Drive
1695 NW 9th Avenue, Suite 3208G Building 600
Miami, Florida Marietta, Georgia
[email protected] [email protected]
CONTRIBUTORS xi
Donald L. Fisher Lorenz Hagenmeyer
Professor Senior Scientist
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Fraunhofer-Institut fu¨r Arbeitswirtschaft und
Engineering Organisation (IAO)
University of Massachusetts Amherst Nobelstrasse 12
Marston Hall, 130 Natural Resources Road Stuttgart, Germany
Amherst, Massachusetts [email protected]
fi[email protected]
Jerry W. Hedge
Arthur D. Fisk President
Professor Organizational Solutions Group
School of Psychology 449 Gum Street
Georgia Institute of Technology Holly Hill, South Carolina
654 Cherry Street [email protected]
Atlanta, Georgia
[email protected] Martin G. Helander
Professor
School of Mechanical and Aerospace
John M. Flach
Engineering
Professor and Chair
Nanyang Technological University
Department of Psychology
Singapore
Wright State University
[email protected]
3640 Colonel Glenn Highway
Dayton, Ohio
john.fl[email protected] Erik Hollnagel
Professor
Department of Computer and Information
Wolfgang Friesdorf
Science
Professor
LIU/IDA/CSELAB
Department of Human Factors and Product
University of Linko¨ping
Ergonomics
Linko¨ping, Sweden
Technische Universitat Berlin
[email protected]
Fasanenstrasse 1/1
Berlin, Germany
Pia Honold Quaet-Faslem
[email protected]
User Interface Designer
Strategy and Marketing: User Experience
Michael J. Griffin Siemens AG Information and Communication
Professor Mobile
Institute of Sound and Vibration Research Haidenauplatz 1
University of Southampton Munich, Germany
Southampton, Hampshire, England [email protected]
[email protected]
Juan Pablo Hourcade
Joseph W. Guthrie Assistant Professor
Institute of Simulation and Training Department of Computer Science
University of Central Florida 14 Machean Hall
3100 Technology Parkway University of Iowa
Orlando, Florida Iowa City, IA 52242
[email protected] [email protected]
xii CONTRIBUTORS
Heidi D. Howarth Jolanta Karpowicz
Engineering Psychologist Head of the Laboratory of Electromagnetic
Volpe National Transportation Systems Center Hazards
U.S. Department of Transportation Central Institute for Labour Protection
55 Broadway, Kendall Square National Research Institute
Cambridge, Massachusetts Czerniakowska 16
[email protected] Warsaw, Poland
[email protected]
Jeffrey A. Hudson
General Dynamics AIS Waldemar Karwowski
5200 Springfield Pike, Suite 200 Professor and Director
Dayton, Ohio Center for Industrial Ergonomics
[email protected] University of Louisville
Lutz Hall, Room 445
Julie A. Jacko
Warnock Street
Professor
Louisville, Kentucky
Institute for Health Systems Engineering
[email protected]
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical
Engineering
Halimahtun M. Khalid
Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory
Director
University School of Medicine
Damai Sciences
313 Ferst Drive
A-31-3 Suasana Sentral
Atlanta, Georgia
Jalan Stesen Sentral 5
[email protected]
50470 Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
Elz˙bieta Jankowska
[email protected]
Head of the Laboratory of Filtration and
Ventilation
Mika Kivima¨ki
Central Institute for Labour Protection
Professor of Occupational Health Psychology
National Research Institute
Department of Psychology
Czerniakowska 16
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health
Warsaw, Poland
Topeliuksenkatu 41 aA
Helsinki, Finland
Tanja Kabel
Mika.Kivimaki@ttl.fi
Research Assistant
Institute of Industrial Engineering and
Ergonomics Thitima Kongnakorn
RWTH Aachen University Graduate Assistant
Bergdriesch 27 School of Industrial and Systems Engineering
Aachen, Germany Georgia Institute of Technology
[email protected] 765 Ferst Drive
Atlanta, Georgia
Barry H. Kantowitz
Professor of Industrial and Operations Danuta Koradecka
Engineering Director
Professor of Psychology Central Institute for Labour Protection
University of Michigan Transportation Research National Research Institute
Institute, 2901 Baxter Road Czerniakowska 16
Ann Arbor, Michigan Warsaw, Poland
[email protected] [email protected]