Table Of ContentNaoyuki Taniguchi
Koichi Honke
Minoru Fukuda
Hisashi Narimatsu
Yoshiki Yamaguchi
Takashi Angata
Editors
Handbook of
Glycosyltransferases
and Related Genes
Second Edition
1 3
Reference
Handbook of Glycosyltransferases
and Related Genes
Naoyuki Taniguchi (cid:129) Koichi Honke
Minoru Fukuda (cid:129) Hisashi Narimatsu
Yoshiki Yamaguchi (cid:129) Takashi Angata
Editors
Handbook of
Glycosyltransferases
and Related Genes
Second Edition
Editors
NaoyukiTaniguchi YoshikiYamaguchi
RIKEN-Max-PlanckJointResearchCenter RIKEN-Max-PlanckJointResearchCenter
forSystemsChemicalBiology,RIKEN forSystemsChemicalBiology,RIKEN
Wako,Saitama,Japan Wako,Saitama,Japan
KoichiHonke TakashiAngata
DepartmentofBiochemistry InstituteofBiologicalChemistry
KochiUniversityMedicalSchool AcademiaSinica
Nankoku,Kochi,Japan Taipei,Taiwan
MinoruFukuda
SanfordBurnham
MedicalResearchInstitute
LaJolla,CA,USA
HisashiNarimatsu
ResearchCenterforMedicalGlycoscience
(RCMG)
NationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrial
ScienceandTechnology(AIST)
Tsukuba,Ibaraki,Japan
ISBN978-4-431-54239-1 ISBN978-4-431-54240-7(eBook)
ISBN978-4-431-54241-4(printandelectronicbundle)
DOI10.1007/978-4-431-54240-7
SpringerTokyoHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014930991
#SpringerJapan2002,2014
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Preface
Almosttenyearshavepassedsincethepublicationofthefirsteditionofthisbookin
2002,anditistimelytorenewandpublishasecondedition,becausealargenumber
ofglycosyltransferaseshasbeencharacterizedsincethen.
In the second edition, Springer introduced an online system for receiving
asubmittedmanuscriptofeachchapter,whichhelpedustohandlemorethanone
hundredmanuscriptsmucheasier,andbeforepublishingtheprintedversionofthe
book,onlinearticlesarenowbeingmadeavailable.
It is no doubt that glycoscience has been, and will be in the future, playing
a pivotal role in various fields of research in the life sciences. Last year, the US
National Academy of Sciences published a report entitled “Transforming
Glycoscience, A Roadmap for the Future.” This report emphasizes the role of
glycans in health, energy and material science. However, many issues related to
thestructureandfunctionofglycansremaintobeclarified,andcharacterizingthe
structureandfunctionofglycosyltransferasesisessentialforourunderstandingof
glycans in health and disease. Moreover, gene technology is now a very common
technique and many KO or transgenic mice have been developed which has
permitted possible implication of various diseases such as autoimmune disease,
diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer metastasis, and auto-
immune diseases to be clarified. In addition, the cause of some of the CGD
(congenital disorders of glycosylation) including muscle dystrophy was found to
beduetothelackof,oramutationin,acertainglycosyltransferasegene.
At present, almost 200 glycosyltransferase genes have been identified and
encompass approximately 1 % of the whole human genome. There are still many
proteinswithunknownfunctionswhichbelongtotheglycosyltransferasefamilyor
itsrelatedgenes.Inthisedition,160glycosyltransferasesarelistedandadditional
informationsuchasX-raycrystallographicdataandUniProtnumberhavebeenalso
included.
Itisalsoknownthattheexpressionlevelsofglycosyltransferasesareregulated
by various factors such as nucleotide sugar levels, nucleotide transporter levels,
chaperons,acceptorsubstratelevels,geneticorepigeneticregulationviatranscrip-
tionfactorsetc.,andalsotheiravailabilityintheGolgiorERetc.However,those
underlyingmechanismsofglycosyltransferaseregulationarelargelyunknown.Itis
alsonotclearatpresenthowglycosyltransferasesactonspecificglycoprotein(s)as
acceptor substrates and how monosaccharide(s) are added at a specific site of the
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vi Preface
proteins and expressed in a tissue/cell/organ specific manner. These issuesshould
beclearedinthenextdecadeandwillopenanewfieldofglycobiology.
Regarding industrial or pharmaceutical applications of glycosyltransferases,
such as the synthesis of glycans using glycosyltransferases, it is still difficult for
us to use a sole glycosyltransferase to synthesize glycans and/or glycoproteins,
glycolipidsandproteoglycans.Thereforeacombinationofglycosyltransferaseand
chemistry,namely,chemo-enzymatictechniqueswerebeingused.
The biological significance of glycosyltransferases in terms of the growth and
development, immune-system neuroscience, stem cell research, cancer biomarker
discoveryandantibodytherapyetc.arestillimportantareasofresearchwhichwill
likelydevelopinthefuture.
This book is dedicated to the late Professor Robert Hill who was a genuine
pioneer in the field of glycosyltransferase enzymology and the purification of
glycosyltransferases which opened a new field of research for glycosyltransferase
genesandtheirfunctions.
Finallywewishtoexpressoursincerethankstoallauthorswhotookthetimeto
contribute to this monograph. We particularly thank Ms. Fumi Ota at RIKEN
Systems Glycobiology Research Group, who helped us in publishing this book.
Finally we are very grateful to all staff members of the Springer Japan KK and
Springer who generously edited the original draft of this book and the online
version.
October10,2013 NaoyukiTaniguchi
KoichiHonke
MinoruFukuda
HisashiNarimatsu
YoshikiYamaguchi
TakashiAngata
Editors
About the Editors
Naoyuki Taniguchi Group Director, RIKEN-Max-Planck Joint Research Center
forSystemsChemicalBiology,RIKEN,Wako,Saitama,Japan
NaoyukiTaniguchigraduatedfromtheFacultyofMedicine,HokkaidoUniversity,
andobtainedhisM.D.in1967andthenPh.D.in1972fromthesameuniversity.He
became Assistant Professor of the Department of Preventive Medicine, Hokkaido
University, and Visiting Associate Professor at the Connell University Medical
School, New York, in 1976. In 1986, he became Professor and Chair of the
Department of Biochemistry at the Osaka University Medical School. In 2006,
after retirement from the medical school, he became endowed Chair Professor of
Osaka University. Meanwhile, he formed the Systems Glycobiology Research
Group at RIKEN in 2007 and has been the Group Director since. His focus is on
thestructureandfunctionofglycans,especiallytheroleofN-linkedglycoproteins
inrelationtothemechanismofthediseasebiomarkerdiscoveryandtherapeutics.
He has received several distinguished awards, such as IGO (International
GlycoconjugateOrganization)Awardin2001, MedalwithPurple Ribbon fromthe
Emperor of Japan in 2005, HUPO (Human Proteome Organization) Distinguished
Service Award in 2009, and Japan Academy Prize in 2011. Taniguchi currently
vii
viii AbouttheEditors
serves as editor and editorial board member of many journals such as Journal of
Biological Chemistry, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,
Proteomics, etc., and he himself has published more than 400 original papers and
morethan50reviews.HealsoservedasPresidentinthe75thAnnualMeetingofthe
Japanese Biochemical Society and as Secretary General in the 20th IUBMB
11FAOBMBCongress.Recently,hehasbeenelectedasthePresidentoftheSociety
forGlycobiologyfor2014.
AbouttheEditors ix
KoichiHonkeProfessor,DepartmentofBiochemistry,KochiUniversityMedical
School,Nankoku,Kochi,Japan
KoichiHonkeisaProfessoratKochiUniversityMedicalSchoolinKochi,Japan.
HonkegraduatedfromHokkaidoUniversitySchoolofMedicineobtaininghisM.D.
in1983.SincehestartedhisresearchunderthesupervisionofProf.AkiraMakitaat
Cancer Institute, Hokkaido University Medical School, in 1984, Honke has been
studying the metabolism and function of glycolipids as well as glycoproteins.
Honke worked at Osaka Medical Center for Maternal and Child Health as Chief
Researcherfrom1995to1999,withDr.YoshinaoWada,andintheDepartmentof
Biochemistry,OsakaUniversityMedicalSchool,asAssociateProfessorfrom1999
to2003,withProf.NaoyukiTaniguchi.HonkewasthenpromotedtoFullProfessor
oftheKochiMedicalSchoolin2003.Honkepublishedover110originalscientific
papers, authored and edited many books, and served as Editor for Journal of
Biochemistry. His major contribution has been purification, molecular cloning,
andgene targetingofaglycan sulfotransferase responsiblefor the biosynthesisof
sulfatidesanddiscoveryoftheßGal3-O-sulfotransferasegenefamily.Currentlyhis
research focus has shifted to the biogenesis of the membrane microdomains with
establishment of a novel labeling method called EMARS for the identification of
cellsurfacemolecularclusteringinlivingcells.
