Handbook of Child Sexual Abuse: Identification, Assessment, and Treatment

618 Pages·2011·3.95 MB·English

by  Paris Goodyear-Brown

Handbook of
Child Sexual
Abuse
Handbook of
Child Sexual
Abuse
Identification, Assessment,
and Treatment
Edited by
Paris Goodyear-Brown
JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.
(cid:2)1
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Handbookofchildsexualabuse:identification,assessment,andtreatment/editedbyParis
Goodyear-Brown.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-470-87729-6(cloth);978-1-118-08228-7(ePub);978-1-118-08264-5(eMobi);
978-1-118-08292-8(ePDF)
1. Childsexualabuse. 2. Childsexualabuse—Psychologicalaspects. 3. Sexuallyabused
children—Rehabilitation.I.Goodyear-Brown,Paris.
HV6570.H3562011
362.76—dc22
2011010996
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
In memory of my grandmother, Marie Theresa Varricchio Turco, who
taught me how to be tough and generous, and who never stopped
trying to feed me.
Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xv
AbouttheEditor xvii
Contributors xix
SECTIONI IDENTIFICATION
1 ChildSexualAbuse:TheScopeoftheProblem 3
ParisGoodyear-Brown,AbbeFath,andLoriMyers
2 ChildSexualAbuse,TraumaticExperiences,
andTheirImpactontheDevelopingBrain 29
RichardL.GaskillandBruceD.Perry
3 TheLong-TermHealthEffectsofChildSexualAbuse 49
KathleenKendall-Tackett
SECTIONII ASSESSMENT
4 NavigatingtheSystem:TheComplexitiesofthe
MultidisciplinaryTeaminCasesofChildSexualAbuse 71
PattivanEysandBonnieBeneke
5 TheForensicInterview:AChallengingConversation 99
LindaCordiscoSteele
6 DevelopmentallySensitiveAssessmentMethods
inChildSexualAbuseCases 121
SandraHewitt
7 ComprehensiveandTherapeuticAssessmentofChild
SexualAbuse:ABridgetoTreatment 143
PattivanEysandAlannaTruss
vii
viii CONTENTS
SECTIONIII EVIDENCE-BASEDTREATMENTSAND
OTHEREFFECTIVEAPPROACHES
8 DeterminingBestPracticeforTreatingSexually
VictimizedChildren 173
BenjaminE.Saunders
9 Trauma-FocusedCognitive-BehavioralTherapy 199
MonicaM.FitzgeraldandJudithCohen
10 Eye-MovementDesensitizationandReprocessing(EMDR)
PsychotherapyWithChildrenWhoHaveExperienced
SexualAbuseandTrauma 229
RobbieAdler-Tapia,CarolynSettle,
andFrancineShapiro
11 Trauma-FocusedIntegratedPlayTherapy(TF-IPT) 251
ElianaGil
12 Parent-ChildInteractionTherapyforSexually
AbusedChildren 279
AnthonyJ.UrquizaandDawnBlacker
13 FlexiblySequentialPlayTherapy(FSPT)WithSexually
VictimizedChildren 297
ParisGoodyear-Brown
14 Child-ParentRelationshipTherapyWithNonoffending
ParentsofSexuallyAbusedChildren 321
SueC.Bratton,PeggyL.Ceballos,GarryL.Landreth,
andMaryB.Costas
15 TraumaInformedArtTherapyandSexualAbuse
inChildren 341
CathyMalchiodi
16 GroupTherapyWithSexuallyAbusedChildren 355
LianaLowensteinandRachelCookFreeman
17 EffectivelyIncorporatingBibliotherapyInto
TreatmentforChildSexualAbuse 377
DeanneGinns-GruenbergandAryeZacks
SECTIONIV SPECIALISSUES
18 ClinicalConsiderationsWhenChildrenHave
ProblematicSexualBehavior 401
JaneF.Silovsky,LisaM.Swisher,JimmyWiddifieldJr.,
andLorenaBurris
Contents ix
19 InterventionApplicationforSelf-InjuryFollowing
ChildhoodSexualAbuse 429
KeeganR.TangemanandJanineShelby
20 TreatmentConsiderationsWithSexually
TraumatizedAdolescents 447
SharonA.McGeeandC.CurtisHolmes
21 UnderstandingandTreatingAdolescents
WithIllegalSexualBehavior 469
SusanR.Schmidt,BarbaraL.Bonner,andMarkChaffin
22 CulturalIssuesinChildSexualAbuseIntervention
andPrevention 487
LisaAronsonFontesandCarolA.Plummer
23 WorkingWithSurvivorsofChildSexualAbuse:
SecondaryTraumaandVicariousTraumatization 509
MicheleM.ManyandJoyD.Osofsky
24 PreventingChildhoodSexualAbuse:
AnEcologicalApproach 531
SandyK.WurteleandMaureenC.Kenny
AuthorIndex 567
SubjectIndex 587
Preface
THEIDEAFORthisvolumebegan,asmanygoodthingsdo,overameal.
Ihadjustgivenacoupleoftalksatamultidisciplinaryconferenceon
child sexual abuse, had attended another talk and was enjoying
dinner with colleagues. As we discussed the information that had been
shared in the final talk and dissected it, debating it through the lenses of
our various disciplines, I found myself intrigued, engaged, and enjoying
myselfimmensely.Herewerethelatestideasofresearchersandclinicians,
forensicinterviewersandlawenforcementprofessionals,caseworkersand
victimadvocates,allofwhomareleadersintheirrespectivefields,doing
theworkofhelpingchildrenwhohavebeensexuallyvictimized.Iwanted
tocaptureandsharewithothersthedialoguethatbouncedfromemerging
practicetrendstothechallengesofworkingwithinexistingsystemstothe
rigors of ongoing research to the nuances of individualized treatment.
Thegoalofthesekindsofdiscussions,inmymind,istherefinementof
thought.Thisrefinementofthoughtoccursontheindividuallevel,oftenin
theformofparadigmshifts;itseepsintoone’sprofessionallife,influences
others,becomespragmatizedinagencypolicies,andultimatelyshapesthe
societal response to the problem at hand: in this case, child sexual abuse.
Thishandbookisthemostcomprehensivevolumeonchildsexualabuse
todateandoffersasnapshotofthestateofthefieldasitstandstoday.As
such,itisintendedtoaidtherefinementofourthoughts,tohelpincrease
our mutual understanding as we approach this critically important issue
together, and to help shape society’s approach to child sexual abuse.
Thefieldofchildsexualabusehasexperiencedanexplosionofresearch,
literature,andtreatmentmethodsoverthepast30years.Thecontributing
authors, many of whom are pioneers in their respective specialties, lend
theirexpertisetoavolumethatcombinesthelatestresearchwithawealth
of clinical experience. When appropriate, outcome data is shared and
augmented with clinical case examples and specific strategies for im-
pacting change.
AsIwrestledthroughmyowncontributionstothisvolumeandedited
chapter after chapter of collegial writings, immersing myself in the lan-
guageofchildsexualabuse,Iwasstruckanewbythewayourwords—the
xi
xii PREFACE
way we talk about a thing—influence the way we think about that thing.
As language evolves, so does culture. For example, teenagers who have
historicallybeenreferredtoasjuvenilesexoffendersarediscussedinthis
volume as adolescents with illegal sexual behavior. The language choice
here is meant to influence a societal reconceptualization of this group as
developmentally distinct from adult offenders and in need of different
kinds of assessment and treatment. Another intentional distinction is
offered between children who have sexual behavior problems that occur
comorbidlywithahistoryofsexualabuseandthosewhohavethesesame
behaviors in the absence of documented abuse. The traditional argument
has been that if a child is sexually acting out, that child must have been
sexuallyabused.Modernassessmentandtreatmentmethodsaredisprov-
ing this view and providing targeted intervention strategies for differing
etiologies.Mostprovocatively,thisvolumeoffersadistinctionbetweenthe
event of child sexual abuse and the potential symptomatology and treat-
mentthatmaybenecessary.Oursocietytendstolookonthosewhohave
been sexually abused as damaged goods, as pathologically scarred. The
research suggests, however, that at least 30% of survivors are asympto-
matic.Doesthismeanthatthesechildrensuffernoadverseconsequences
or that we simply have not found a measurement tool to quantify these
consequences? This volume is certainly not meant to provide a definitive
answer to this question, but certainly attempts to further the dialogue on
this issue.
Thehandbookisdividedintoseveralsectionsandcanbeusedasaprimer
for professionals new to the field, as a topic-specific aid to seasoned pro-
fessionalsandasareferenceguideforall.Thefirstsectionofthebooktackles
definitionalandepidemiologicalissuesandtheeffectsofchildsexualabuse,
both short term and into adulthood. Chapters on neurobiological implica-
tionsofabuseandthelong-termphysiologicaleffectsoftraumahelptoframe
the potential implications ofearlysexual victimization.
The second section of the handbook begins with a description of the
various professionals who may become involved when an allegation of
sexual abuse has been made. Representatives from each professional
discipline offer guidelines about their roles in cases of child sexual abuse
(CSA)withaviewtohowmultidisciplinaryteammemberscancollaborate
mosteffectively.Achapteronforensicinterviewingguidelinesisfollowed
by chapters on the comprehensive assessment of children referred with
alleged sexual abuse histories and considerations in providing develop-
mentally sensitive assessment.
Thethirdsectionofthehandbookcoverstreatmentoptionsforchildren
whohavetraumagenicsymptomsasaresponsetotheirsexualvictimiza-
tion. The case for evidence-based practice is made and then followed by
Preface xiii
chapters that explicate the most rigorously researched treatments for
traumatizedchildren.Otherpromisingtreatmentsthatincorporateexpres-
sivetherapiessuchasplay,art,andbibliotherapyaredetailedandaformat
for group therapy is offered. Two dyadic treatments, each of which can
enhance the positive relationship between the nonoffending parent and
CSA survivor, are also outlined.
The fourth section covers a range of information, including treatment
considerationsforadolescentswhohavebeensexuallyabused,adolescent
survivors who engage in self-injurious behaviors, and adolescents who
engage in illegal sexual behavior. Cultural issues in intervention and
preventionofchildsexualabuseareexploredandguidelinesareprovided
for enhancing multicultural competencies. Secondary trauma and vicari-
ous traumatization are also given attention as they are real concerns for
anyhelpingprofessionalroutinelyinvolvedwithchildsexualabusecases.
Thehandbookwrapsupwithachapterthatoffersanecologicalapproach
for the prevention of CSA.
It is my hope that this handbook equip those on the frontlines in the
battleagainstCSAnotmerelywiththeknowledgethatcanbeculledfrom
the breadth of empirical information, intervention models, and case
conceptualizations offered in this volume, but also with renewed vision
for the importance of the role played by each helping professional in the
shaping of our culture and the healing of our children.
Paris Goodyear-Brown