Handbook of Child Psychology, 6th Edition vol 4

4416 Pages·2006·12.1 MB·english

by  Richard M. Lerner

HANDBOOK OF
CHILD PSYCHOLOGY

HANDBOOK OF
CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
SIXTH EDITION
Volume Four: Child Psychology in Practice
Volume Editors
K. ANN RENNINGER and IRVING E. SIGEL
Editors-in-Chief
WILLIAM DAMON and RICHARD M. LERNER
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Copyright ©2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
Published simultaneously in Canada.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States
Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy
fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, [phone], fax [phone], or on the web
at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, [phone], fax [phone].
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no
representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any
implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives
or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a
professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages,
including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the
understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If legal, accounting, medical, psychological or any other
expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought.
Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. In all instances where John Wiley & Sons,
Inc. is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or all capital letters. Readers, however, should contact the appropriate
companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and registration.
For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800)
762-2974, outside the United States at [phone] or fax [phone].
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic
books. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Handbook of child psychology / editors-in-chief, William Damon & Richard M. Lerner.—
6th ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Contents: v. 1. Theoretical models of human development / volume editor,
Richard M. Lerner — v. 2. Cognition, perception, and language / volume editors,
Deanna Kuhn, Robert Siegler — v. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development /
volume editor, Nancy Eisenberg — v 4. Child psychology in practice / volume editors, K.
Ann Renninger, Irving E. Sigel.
ISBN 0-471-27287-6 (set : cloth)
— ISBN 0-471-27288-4 (v. 1 : cloth) — ISBN 0-471-27289-2 (v. 2 : cloth)
— ISBN 0-471-27290-6 (v. 3 : cloth) — ISBN 0-471-27291-4 (v. 4 : cloth)
1. Child psychology. I. Damon, William, 1944– II. Lerner, Richard M.
BF721.H242 2006
155.4—dc22
2005043951
Printed in the United States of America.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
In memory of Paul Mussen, whose generosity of spirit
touched our lives and helped build a field.

Contributors
Lieselotte Ahnert Linda M. Burton
Free University of Berlin The Center for Human Development and Family
Berlin, Germany Research in Diverse Contexts
College of Health and Human Development
Nikki L. Aikens The Pennsylvania State University
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Park, Pennsylvania
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Stephen J. Ceci
Virginia W. Berninger Human Development
Area of Educational Psychology Cornell University
College of Education Ithaca, New York
University of Washington
Dante Cicchetti
Seattle, Washington
Institute of Child Development
University of Minnesota
Phyllis C. Blumenfeld
Minneapolis, Minnesota
School of Education
University of Michigan
George Comstock
Ann Arbor, Michigan
The Newhouse School
Syracuse University
Monique Boekaerts
Syracuse, New York
Center for the Study of Education
and Instruction
Carol Copple
Leiden University
National Association for the Education of
Leiden, The Netherlands
Young Children
Washington, District of Columbia
Marc H. Bornstein
Child and Family Research Erik De Corte
National Institute of Child Health and Department of Educational Sciences
Human Development Center for Instructional Psychology and Technology
National Institutes of Health University of Leuven
Bethesda, Maryland Leuven, Belgium
Maggie Bruck Amy J. Dray
Department of Psychiatry Human Development and Psychology
School of Medicine Graduate School of Education
Johns Hopkins University Harvard University
Baltimore, Maryland Cambridge, Massachusetts
vii
vviiiiii CCoonnttrriibbuuttoorrss
Elisabeth M. Dykens Jeffrey S. Kress
Psychology and Human Development and William Davidson Graduate School of
John F. Kennedy Center for Research on Jewish Education
Human Development Jewish Theological Seminary
Vanderbilt University New York, New York
Nashville, Tennessee
Michael E. Lamb
Maurice J. Elias Social and Political Sciences
Department of Psychology Cambridge University
Rutgers University Cambridge, United Kingdom
Piscataway, New Jersey
Robin G. Lanzi
Patricia M. Greenfield The Georgetown Center on Health
Department of Psychology and Education
University of California, Los Angeles Georgetown University
Los Angeles, California Washington, District of Columbia
Daniel K. Lapsley
Christopher J. Harris
Teachers College
College of Education
Ball State University
University of Arizona
Muncie, Indiana
Tucson, Arizona
Richard Lehrer
Robert M. Hodapp
Department of Teaching and Learning
Special Education and
Peabody College of Vanderbilt University
John F. Kennedy Center for Research on
Nashville, Tennessee
Human Development
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee Lynn S. Liben
Department of Psychology
Marilou Hyson The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania
National Association for the Education of
Young Children
Washington, District of Columbia Ronald W. Marx
School of Education
Jacqueline Jones University of Arizona
Educational Testing Service Tucson, Arizona
Princeton, New Jersey
Vonnie C. McLoyd
Jennifer Yusun Kang Department of Psychology
Graduate School of Education University of North Carolina at
Harvard University Chapel Hill
Cambridge, Massachusetts Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Avigdor Klingman Darcia Narvaez
Faculty of Education Department of Psychology
University of Haifa University of Notre Dame
Haifa, Israel Notre Dame, Indiana
Contributors ix
Alison H. Paris Erica Scharrer
Department of Psychology Department of Communication
Claremont McKenna College University of Massachusetts
Claremont, California Amherst, Massachusetts
Scott G. Paris Leona Schauble
Department of Psychology Department of Teaching and Learning
University of Michigan Peabody College of Vanderbilt University
Ann Arbor, Michigan Nashville, Tennessee
Douglas R. Powell
Robert L. Selman
Child Development and Family Studies
Human Development and Psychology
Purdue University
Graduate School of Education
West Lafayette, Indiana
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Gabrielle F. Principe
Department of Psychology
Irving E. Sigel
Ursinus College
Educational Testing Service
Collegeville, Pennsylvania
Center for Education Policy and Research
Princeton, New Jersey
Craig T. Ramey
Health Studies
Georgetown Center on Health and Education Catherine E. Snow
Georgetown University Graduate School of Education
Washington, District of Columbia Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Sharon Landesman Ramey
Child and Family Studies
Lalita K. Suzuki
Georgetown Center on Health and Education
HopeLab
Georgetown University
Palo Alto, California
Washington, District of Columbia
Sheree L. Toth
K. Ann Renninger
Mount Hope Family Center
Department of Educational Studies
University of Rochester
Swarthmore College
Rochester, New York
Swarthmore, Pennsylvania
Carrie Rothstein-Fisch Lieven Verschaffel
Department of Educational Psychology Department of Educational Sciences
and Counseling Center for Instructional Psychology and Technology
California State University, Northridge University of Leuven
Northridge, California Leuven, Belgium