Hale ÖZGÜN ANAEROBIC MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS FOR COST-EFFECTIVE MUNICIPAL ...

238 Pages·2015·4.09 MB·English

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Omslag Hale Ozgun def.indd 1 08-10-2015 11:05:09
ANAEROBIC MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS
FOR COST-EFFECTIVE
MUNICIPAL WATER REUSE

Hale ÖZGÜN

ANAEROBIC MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS
FOR COST-EFFECTIVE
MUNICIPAL WATER REUSE

Proefschrift

ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor
aan de Technische Universiteit Delft,
op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. ir. K.C.A.M. Luyben,
voorzitter van het College voor Promoties,
in het openbaar te verdedigen op

dinsdag 20 oktober 2015 om 10:00 uur

door

Hale ÖZGÜN

Master of Science in Environmental Engineering,
Istanbul Technical University

geboren te Istanbul, Turkey.
Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de
Promotor Prof. dr. ir. J.B. van Lier
Promotor Prof. dr. ir. C. Kınacı
Copromotor Dr. ir. H.L.F.M. Spanjers

Samenstelling promotiecommissie:
Rector Magnificus voorzitter
Prof. dr. ir. J.B. van Lier Technische Universiteit Delft, promotor
Prof. dr. ir. C. Kınacı Istanbul Technical University, Turkey, promotor
Dr. ir. H.L.F.M. Spanjers Technische Universiteit Delft, copromotor

Onafhankelijke leden:
Prof. dr. ir. İ. Öztürk Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
Prof. dr. ir. İ. Koyuncu Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
Prof. dr. ir. L.C. Rietveld Technische Universiteit Delft, the Netherlands
Prof. dr. ir. G. Zeeman Wageningen University and Research Centre, the Netherlands

Prof. dr. ir. N. van de Giesen Technische Universiteit Delft, reservelid

This researh was produced as part of the A-Racer project, with Pentair, Saxion, TU Delft,
Water Board Regge & Dinkel as partners. The project (IWA10007) is partly funded by the
Dutch Government via AgentschapNL under the InnoWator program. PhD Fellowship award
was provided by the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) to Hale ÖZGÜN.

Copyright © 2015 by Hale ÖZGÜN
Author Hale ÖZGÜN
Cover design by Hale ÖZGÜN & Wöhrmann Print Service, Zutphen, the Netherlands
Printed by Wöhrmann Print Service, Zutphen, the Netherlands
Published and distributed by Hale ÖZGÜN

ISBN 978-94-6186-540-3

E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected]

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the author.
To my father, Hamdi ÖZGÜN..
Canım Babama..

Table of contents

Summary……………………………………………………...............................i
Özet…………………………………………………….......................................v
List of Abbreviations and Symbols……………………………………...........ix
Chapter 1. Introduction…………………………………………………............1
Chapter 2. Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors for Municipal Wastewater
Treatment: Integration Options, Limitations and Expectations………………..13
Chapter 3. Effect of Upflow Velocity on the Effluent Membrane Fouling
Potential in Membrane Coupled Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
Reactors………………………………………………………………………...51
Chapter 4. Impact of Membrane Addition for Effluent Extraction on the
Performance and Sludge Characteristics of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
Reactors…………………………………………………………………….…..71
Chapter 5. Impact of Temperature on Feed-flow Characteristics and Filtration
Performance of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Coupled Ultrafiltration
Membrane..……………………………………..................................................97
Chapter 6. Comparative Evaluation of the Sludge Characteristics along the
Height of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Coupled Ultrafiltration
Systems……………………………………………………………………......123
Chapter 7. An Integrated Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor-Digester System to
Support Low Temperature Anaerobic Treatment of Municipal
Wastewater………………………………………………………………........141
Chapter 8. Conclusions, Main Outcomes and Recommendations…………...171
Appendix A………………………….……………………………..................183
Appendix B………………………………….……………………..................187
Appendix C………………………….……………………………..................193
Appendix D…………………………………………….…………..................197
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………..201
Curriculum Vitae…………………………………………………………….205
List of Publications…………………………………………………………..209
Summary

In recent years, anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology has been increasingly
researched for municipal wastewater treatment as a means to produce nutrient-rich, solids free
effluents with low levels of pathogens, while occupying a small footprint. An AnMBR can be
used not only for on-site wastewater treatment, but also for the generation of nutrient-rich
irrigation water leading to reuse and recycling possibility for agricultural applications as well.
Furthermore, biogas produced in the anaerobic process could potentially be used for
minimising the energy requirements of AnMBR operation. Despite the mentioned advantages,
the current state-of-the-art AnMBR technology for potential full-scale application raises some
concerns related to energy requirements and investment costs for membrane fouling control,
as well as the impact of high shear stress on biomass activity. Municipal wastewater in many
countries can be characterised as low strength and is generated at high flows rates, related to
the population served. However, ongoing efforts in water conservation and the
implementation of source separated sewer systems may possibly change municipal
wastewater characteristics in the near future.

Several factors involved in design and operation of AnMBR systems may influence
membrane fouling, such as treatment plant configuration and membrane characteristics,
i